Tài liệu Figure Drawing - Rabbit, Squirrel, Kangaroo pptx

18S RABBIT > ANATOMY DOMESTIC RABBIT Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit characteristics: Two pairs of upper incisors; second pair small and peg-like, located just behind the front pair. Perforated lace-like texture of bone on side of skull in front of eye socket. (Both features not found in rodents). Long and pointed large ears. Arched upper profile of skull. Strong extension of spine where neck vertebrae meet thoracic vertebrae. Strong extension of middle tail vertebrae, raising tufted tail. Relatively thin, delicate bones. Rear-projecting "metacromion" from lower end of shoulder blade (for insertion of trapezius and omotransver- sarius muscles). Long hind limbs with large feet. Sits on sole and heel of foot at rest; pushes off with toes. Front limb walks on toes. Five digits on front limb; four on rear limb. Females larger than males. Moves by hopping. Covered with thick fur. Bottom of feet covered with fur. Claws on digits. Hares generally larger, more upright, slender, with longer ears than rabbit, but true difference is in development of young at birth. AbDl L Abductor digit! I longus; AbDiS Abductor digit! V; Basel Basioclavicularis; Bicep Biceps brachii; BiFem Biceps femoris; Brae Brachialis; Bucc Buccinator; Canin Caninus; Cldel Clavodeltoid; Clmas Cleidomastoid; DelAc Deltoid, acromial portion; DelSc Deltoid, scapular portion; DLaMn Depressor labii mandibularis; ECR Extensor carpi radialis; ECU Extensor carpi ulnaris; ED1&2 Extensor digit! I & II; ED1L Extensor digit! I longus; EDC Extensor digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; ExAbO External abdominal oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; FDP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superficialis; Gas La Gastrocnemius, lateral head; Gastr Gastrocnemius; GluMe Gluteus medius; GluSu Gluteus super- ficialis; Ilioc Iliocostalis; Infra Infraspinatus; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LeNas Levator nasolabialis; LLaMx Levator labii maxillaris; Longi Longissimus; Malar Malaris; Mass Masseter; Omotr Omotransversarius; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; OrOr Orbicularis oris; PecSu Pectoralis superficialis; PerBr Peroneus brevis; PerLo Peroneus longus; PrTer Pronator teres; RecAb Rectus abdominis; RecFe Rectus femoris; Rhom Rhomboid; SerVT Serratus ventralis thoracis; Smemb Semimembranosus; Sol Soleus; Splen Splenius; Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy Sternohyoid; Stmas Sternomastoid; Supra Supraspinatus; TeMaj Teres major; Temp Temporalis; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; TibCr Tibialis cranialis; Trap Trapezius; TrIAc Triceps brachii, accessory head; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head; TrIMe Triceps brachii, medial head; VasLa Vastus lateralis; Zyg Zygomaticus. (frim specimen) RABBIT + ANATOMY 189 DOMESTIC RABBIT EASTERN COTTONTAIL Sylvilagus floridanus (from dessectinos) 190 RABBIT & HARE » PROPORTION RABBIT (COTTONTAIL) RABBIT & HARE > PROPORTION 19! HARE (JACKRABBIT) 192 SQUIRREL > ANATOMY EASTERN GRAY SQUIRREL Sciurus carolinensis Squirrel characteristics: Strong extension of tail vertebrae at base of tail (to bend tail onto back). Walks on palm of hand (not on digits like dog). Good rotation of joints of rear limb so sole of foot can face down (or backward) when leg is extended. This enables squirrel to climb down trees with its rear leg extended and the sole of its foot in contact with the tree. Five digits on front limb (with very reduced but visible first digit); five digits on rear limb. Rodent characteristics: Highly variable. Body very small (mouse) to dog-size (capybara). Single pair of incisors in upper and lower jaws grow continuously and wear against each other, keeping their front edges sharp and chisel-like. No canines—gap present between incisors and cheek teeth. Often has arched upper profile of skull. Receding lower jaw ("weak jaw"). Forearm rotates (pronates/supinates). Walks on palm and wrist of front limb and sole and heel of rear foot. Four or five digits on front limb (often with reduced first digit), three to five on hind limb. Digits may be webbed in semiaquatic species. Claws on digits. Usually medium to long tails: naked and scaly (rat), lightly haired (mouse), or very bushy (squirrel). Tail horizontally flattened and wide in beaver; vertically flat- tened in muskrat (both swimmers). Prehensile tails in some species. Hair modified into long, stiff quills in porcupine. Habits: running, gliding, climbing, swimming, burrowing, and jumping (hopping). AbCaE Abductor caudae externus; AbDl L Abductor digit! I longus; AbDiS Abductor digit! V; AncAnconeus; Bleep Biceps brachii; BiFem Biceps femoris; Brach Brachialis; Brrad Brachioradialis; Bute Buccinator; Cldel Clavodeltoid; ClOcc Cleido-occipitalis; DAnOr Depressor angulioris; DelAc Deltoid, acromial portion; DelSp Deltoid, spinal portion; Digas Digastric; DLaMn Depressor labii mandibu- laris; KR& Extensor carpi radialis brevis; ECRL Extensor carpi radialis longus; ECU Extensor carpi ulnaris; EDC Extensor digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor digito- rum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; ExAbO External abdominal oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; F : DP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superficialis; GasLa Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GasMe Gastrocnemius, medial head; GluSu Gluteus superficialis; Ilioc Iliocostalis; Inter/rtterosse/; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LeNas Levatornasolabialis; LLaMx Levator labii maxillaris; Longi Longissimus; Mass Masseter; Omohy Omohyoid; Omotr Omotransversarius; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; OrOr Orbicularis oris; PalLo Palmaris longus; PecAb Pectoralis abdominis; PecSP Pectoralis superficialis poste- rior; PerBr Peroneus brevis; PerLo Peroneus longus; PrTer Pronatorteres; RecFe Rectus femoris; Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy Sternohyoid; Stmas Sternomastoid; Supra Supraspinatus; TeMaj Teres major; Temp Temporalis; TenFA Tensor fasciae antibrachii; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; TibCa Tibialis caudalis; TibCr Tibialis cranialis; Trap Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head; VasLa Vastus lateralis. (fromfrom specimena) SQUIRREL » ANATOMY 193 EASTERN GRAY SQUIRREL Sciurus carolinensis (from disec tion ;after cuvier ;orelell) 194 RODENT > PROPORTION SQUIRREL CHIPMUNK BEAVER RODENT > PROPORTION 195 HOUSE MOUSE NORWAY (BROWN) RAT NORTH AMERICAN PORCUPINE Ip6 KANGAROO > ANATOMY RED KANGAROO (FEMALE) Macropus rufus Kangaroo characteristics: Forelimb small; has five digits with strong claws. Large, powerful hind limb with long, strong, narrow foot. Muscular thigh; muscle mass of lower leg positioned on upper half, toward knee. In foot, large fourth and smaller fifth digits transmit force during locomotion; first digit missing, small digits two and three bound together by skin. Long tail, thick at base, used for body support at rest and balance during hopping. Fast locomotion is by leaping with hind limbs only. Walking: Hind limbs, forelimbs, and tail in contact with ground at various times. Sitting: Body rests on entire foot and tail; arms hang loosely. Pouch in female opens forward, supported by two long, thin bones. AbDIB Abductor digit! I brevis; AbDIL Abductor digit! I longus; AbDiS Abductor digit! V; Anc Anconeus; AT Achilles tendon; Bleep Biceps brachii; BiFem Biceps femoris; Brach Brachialis; Brrad Brachioradialis; Bucc Buccinator; Canin Caninus; Clmas Cleidomastoid; Coccy Coccygeus; Delt Deltoid; Digas Digastric; ECRB Extensor carpi radialis brevis; ECRL Extensor carpi radialis longus; ECU Extensor carpi ulnaris; EDC Extensor digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum later- alis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; ED1L Extensor hallucis longus; ExAbO External abdominal oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; FDP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superflcialis; GasLa Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GluMe Gluteus medius; GluSA Gluteus superflcialis anterior; GluSP Gluteus superflcialis posterior; Ilioc Iliocostalis; InAbO Internal abdominal oblique; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LeNas Levator nasolabialis; LLaMx Levator labii maxiltaris; Longi Longissimus; Mass Masseter; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; OrOr Orbicularis oris; PalLo Palmaris longus; Pec Pectoralis; PerLo Peroneus longus; PrTer Pronator teres; RecAb Rectus abdominis; Sart Sartorius; SerVT Serratus ventralis thoracis; Smemb Semimembranosus; Sol Soleus; Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy Sternohyoid; Stmas Sternomastoid; Stthy Sternothyroid; TeMaj Teres major; Temp Temporalis; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; TibCa Tibialis caudalis; TibCr Tibialis cranialis; Trap Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head; VasLa Misfr/s lateralis. KANGAROO > ANATOMY 197 RED KANGAROO (FEMALE) Macropus rufus (afterr c [...]...198 MARSUPIAL > PROPORTION KANGAROO TASMANIAN WOLF (THYLACINE) MARSUPIAL NORTH AMERICAN OPOSSUM KOALA » PROPORTION 199 . (BROWN) RAT NORTH AMERICAN PORCUPINE Ip6 KANGAROO > ANATOMY RED KANGAROO (FEMALE) Macropus rufus Kangaroo characteristics: Forelimb small; . Misfr/s lateralis. KANGAROO > ANATOMY 197 RED KANGAROO (FEMALE) Macropus rufus (afterr c 198 MARSUPIAL > PROPORTION KANGAROO TASMANIAN