Tài liệu Graduations with Contour Hatching ppt

GRADUATIONS WITH Brenda Hoddinott F-09 BEGINNER: HATCHING In this lesson, you use curved hatching lines and smoothly rendered graduations to depict the illusion of depth, and illustrate light and shadows on a close-up segment of a form. Graduations are the primary ingredient in realistic shading. When your goal is to create a smooth texture for a three-dimensional form, you need to keep the transition between the different values flowing into one another as smoothly as possible. Curriculum is divided into the following sections: Ü RENDERING CONTOUR HATCHING: This section offers five helpful strategies to improve your ability to render smooth contour hatching including: discovering and using your natural hand movements, and using various pencils and drawing techniques. Ü SMOOTH GRADUATIONS WITH CONTOUR HATCHING: You use curved hatching lines to create a section of a three-dimensional form, and render smoothly rendered hatching graduations further accentuate the illusion of depth. Suggested drawing supplies include good quality white drawing paper, graphite pencils, kneaded and vinyl erasers, and a pencil sharpener. This project is recommended for artists with basic drawing skills, from age 12 to adult, as well as home schooling, academic and recreational fine art educators. 8 PAGES – 10 ILLUSTRATIONS Published by Hoddinott Fine Art Publishers, Halifax, NS, Canada – 2005 (Revised 2006) Copyright to all articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Brenda Hoddinott. E-mail bhoddinott@hoddinott.com Web site http://www.finearteducation.com or http://www.drawspace.com - 2 - RENDERING CONTOUR HATCHING Hatching is a series of lines (called a set) drawn closely together to give the illusion of values. Depending on the shading effects you want, you can make the individual lines in hatching sets far apart or close together. Contour hatching is a series of curved lines (called a set) drawn closely together to give the illusion of values, and is ideal for rendering the illusion of three dimensional form. Curved lines are created when a straight line curves (or bends). Curved lines can be drawn thick or thin. Values are the different shades of gray created when you draw by varying both the density of the shading lines, and the pressure used in holding various pencils. Form as applied to drawing, is the illusion of the three-dimensional structure of a shape, such as a circle, square or triangle, created in a drawing with shading and/or perspective. The following five strategies may prove very helpful for improving your ability to render contour hatching: 1. USE DIFFERENT PENCILS TO DO SOME OF THE WORK: Your pencils play a major role in the smooth progression of your graduations. Graduated shading is a continuous progression of graduated values from dark to light or from light to dark. Beginners can generally make do nicely with only three or four different graphite pencils. The pencils I use most frequently are a 2H, HB, 2B, 4B, and 6B. The 2H is the lightest (hardest) and the 6B is the darkest (softest). 2H works well for light values, HB and 2B are great for middle values, and 4B and 6B are very good for darker values. 2. VARY THE DENSITY OF THE HATCHING LINES: Draw the curved hatching lines far apart and few in number for light values. For darker values, you draw more lines closer together; subsequently less of the white paper is still showing between the lines. 3. DRAW THE INDIVIDUAL HATCHING LINES DIFFERENT LENGTHS: The transition from one value to the next is barely noticeable when the lines vary in length. Try adding a few more short hatching lines in between others if the transition between your values isn’t as smooth as you like. 4. VARY THE PRESSURE USED IN HOLDING YOUR PENCILS: Press lightly for the really light values and a little harder for darker values. 5. USE YOUR NATURAL HAND MOVEMENTS: A critical aspect of achieving smooth graduations with contour hatching is utilizing your own natural hand movements. To discover which are ideal for you, simply draw several sets of slightly curved lines. As you draw, take note of how you make these lines, how smooth the lines look, and how comfortable you feel while drawing them. Try many different ways of moving your pencil, rotating your paper, or changing the directions of your lines, until you find the motions that are the most natural for you. SMOOTH GRADUATIONS WITH CONTOUR HATCHING In this exercise, curved hatching lines create a section of a three-dimensional form, and smoothly rendered graduations further accentuate the illusion of depth by illustrating light and shadows. Copyright to all articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Brenda Hoddinott. E-mail bhoddinott@hoddinott.com Web site http://www.finearteducation.com or http://www.drawspace.com - 3 - ILLUSTRATION 09-01 1. Lightly sketch a small circular shape to represent the highlight section of a form. The center of this circular shape will be left white, and represents the section closest to the light source (which is from the upper right). Sketching refers to the method used for creating a quick, rough representation or outline of a planned drawing subject. A sketch can also be a completed work of art. Highlight refers to the brightest area of a form where light bounces off its surface and is usually the section closest to the light source. Light source is the direction from which a dominant light originates. 2. Add three curved lines to map the directions in which the hatching lines will curve. ILLUSTRATION 09-02 ILLUSTRATION 09-03 3. Add light shading to the upper section of the map. The shading begins very light around the edge of the highlight and becomes gradually darker farther away from the light. Copyright to all articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Brenda Hoddinott. E-mail bhoddinott@hoddinott.com Web site http://www.finearteducation.com or http://www.drawspace.com - 4 - ILLUSTRATION 09-04 4. Continue adding shading that become progressively darker farther away from the light. If your shading isn’t as smooth as you like, you can touch it up. To make lines lighter pat them with your kneaded eraser molded to a wedge shape. You can make sections darker by drawing more short curved hatching lines in between others. ILLUSTRATION 09-05 Always place a piece of clean paper under your hand as you draw. Each time you work on a new section, remember to move your paper so it’s always under your hand. This prevents you from smudging your drawing, and protects the paper from the oils in your skin. Copyright to all articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Brenda Hoddinott. E-mail bhoddinott@hoddinott.com Web site http://www.finearteducation.com or http://www.drawspace.com - 5 - ILLUSTRATION 09-06 5. Graduate the darkest shading downward to identify the shadow sections. The values are very dark because little light reaches a shadow area on a form. ILLUSTRATION 09-07 6. Continue pressing a little harder with your pencils until the end of your graduation is very dark. 6B will create the very darkest values. The transition between the hatching values is very smooth. The curved hatching lines in the darkest shadow sections are barely noticeable because they are really close together with hardly any of the white paper showing through. As you add the dark shading, constantly check the transition between the different values and adjust the hatching lines as needed. Copyright to all articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Brenda Hoddinott. E-mail bhoddinott@hoddinott.com Web site http://www.finearteducation.com or http://www.drawspace.com - 6 - ILLUSTRATION 09-08 7. Add raggedy curved hatching lines to the lower section below the darkest shadow. The lines need to feather gently downward toward a lighter value. Switch to lighter (harder) pencils and make sure they are freshly sharpened. ILLUSTRATION 09-09 Don’t forget that you can turn your drawing paper (or sketchbook) around as you draw. At this point, you are setting the stage to add a rim of reflected light. From here, the shading will need to graduate lighter to indicate the light values. Copyright to all articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Brenda Hoddinott. E-mail bhoddinott@hoddinott.com Web site http://www.finearteducation.com or http://www.drawspace.com - 7 - ILLUSTRATION 09-10 8. Graduate the shading from the dark shadow into the section of reflected light. Use lighter pencils, make your lines farther apart, and press more lightly with your pencils until the end of your graduation is light. 9. Touch up any sections you aren’t happy with. If the transition between your values isn’t as smooth as you like, you can improve it. Try using various grades of freshly sharpened pencils to add a few more short curved hatching lines in between some of your lines. Copyright to all articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Brenda Hoddinott. E-mail bhoddinott@hoddinott.com Web site http://www.finearteducation.com or http://www.drawspace.com - 8 - BRENDA HODDINOTT - BIOGRAPHY As a self-educated teacher, visual artist, portraitist, forensic artist, and illustrator, Brenda Hoddinott utilizes diverse art media including graphite, technical pen, colored pencil, chalk pastel, charcoal, conté crayon, and oil paints. My philosophy on teaching art is to focus primarily on the enjoyment aspects while gently introducing the technical and academic. Hence, in creating a passion for the subject matter, the quest for knowledge also becomes enjoyable. >Brenda Hoddinott< Born in St. John’s, Newfoundland, Brenda grew up in the small town of Corner Brook. She developed strong technical competencies with a personal commitment to self directed learning, and the aid of assorted “Learn to Draw” books. During Brenda’s twenty-five year career as a self-educated civilian forensic artist, numerous criminal investigation departments have employed Brenda’s skills, including Royal Canadian Mounted Police and municipal police departments. In 1992, Brenda was honored with a commendation from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and in 1994, she was awarded a Certificate of Membership from “Forensic Artists International”. Her home-based art career included graphic design, and teaching recreational drawing and painting classes. As supervisor of her community’s recreational art department, Brenda hired and trained teachers, and designed curriculum for several children’s art programs. In 1998, Brenda chose to end her eighteen-year career as an art educator in order to devote more time to writing, drawing, painting, and developing her websites. Drawspace http://www.drawspace.com incorporates her unique style and innovative approach to curriculum development. This site offers downloadable and printable drawing classes for students of all abilities from the age of eight through adult. Students of all ages, levels and abilities have praised the simple step-by-step instructional approach. This site is respected as a resource for fine art educators, home schooling programs, and educational facilities throughout the world. LEARN-TO-DRAW BOOKS BY BRENDA HODDINOTT Drawing for Dummies (2003): Wiley Publishing, Inc., New, York, NY, this 336 page book is available on various websites and in major bookstores internationally. The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Drawing People (2004): Winner of the Alpha-Penguin Book of the Year Award 2004, Alpha - Pearson Education – Macmillan, Indianapolis, IN, this 360 page book is available on various websites and in major bookstores internationally. . SMOOTH GRADUATIONS WITH CONTOUR HATCHING: You use curved hatching lines to create a section of a three-dimensional form, and render smoothly rendered hatching. SMOOTH GRADUATIONS WITH CONTOUR HATCHING In this exercise, curved hatching lines create a section of a three-dimensional form, and smoothly rendered graduations