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ESPEN guidelines on nutrition cancer

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ESPEN guidelines on nutrition cancer

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  • ESPEN expert group recommendations for action against cancer-related malnutrition

    • 1. Introduction

      • 1.1. Talking about cancer and nutrition: the terminology

      • 2. The high prevalence of malnutrition in patients with cancer

      • 3. High health and financial costs of malnutrition in patients with cancer

      • 4. Mechanisms underlying cancer-related impairment of nutritional status

        • 4.1. Immune response, systemic inflammation, and symptoms

        • 4.2. Spillover of tumor-derived cytokines worsens systemic inflammation

        • 4.3. Hypoxic stress in the tumor microenvironment

        • 4.4. Indirect effects of cancer or its treatments

        • 5. Addressing malnutrition in patients with cancer: diagnosis and treatment

          • 5.1. Importance of early nutrition screening

          • 5.2. Nutritional assessment and diagnosis of malnutrition

          • 5.3. Treatment: needs, counseling, support, specific ingredients

          • 5.5. Nutritional counseling and nutritional support

          • 5.6. Anti-catabolic and anti-inflammatory ingredients

          • 5.7. Realizing the importance of exercise training and physical rehabilitation

          • 5.8. Multimodal therapy: putting it all together

          • 5.9. Specific nutritional strategies for cancer subgroups

          • 6. Take-home messages for cancer nutrition practice and research

          • Conflict of interest statement

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