Tài liệu OASIS OpenDocument Essentials Using OASIS OpenDocument XML- P2 doc

Chapter 5. Spreadsheets Surprisingly, we have already covered a great deal of the information about spreadsheets. Spreadsheets share a great deal of their markup with tables that you find in text documents. This shouldn’t come as a surprise—a spreadsheet is just a two-dimensional table. It can have many blank rows and columns and can do calculations on the cell entries, but a spreadsheet is still just a table at heart. However, there are things that make a spreadsheet, well, spreadsheetish. Most important, the <office:body> has an <office:spreadsheet> element as its child (rather than <office:text> for a word processing document). Other elements and attributes specific to spreadsheets are in the styles.xml file, but most are in content.xml. Spreadsheet Information in styles.xml The styles.xml file stores information that OpenOffice.org sets from the sheet tab of the Format Page dialog, shown in Figure 5.1, “Spreadsheet Page Options”. Specifically, this information is in the <style:page-layout-properties> element that is inside the first <style:page-layout> element within the <office:automatic-styles>. Figure 5.1. Spreadsheet Page Options Using OASIS OpenDocument XML 93 Chapter 5. Spreadsheets 1. The style:print-page-order attribute has a value of ttb for top to bottom, and ltr for left to right. If the first page number is not one (the default), then the style:first-page-number attribute will give the number that you specify. 2. The value of the style:print attribute summarizes all the marked checkboxes as a whitespace-separated list. If you turn on all the checkboxes, the value will be these words (separated by whitespace): annotations, charts, drawings, formulas, grid, headers, objects, and zero-values. 3. If you are scaling to a percentage, then the style:scale-to attribute will have the scaling percentage (with a percent sign) as its value. If you are fitting to a number of pages, then the style:scale-to-pages attribute will provide that value. If you are scaling to width and height, then the style:scale-to-X and style:scale-to-Y attributes will give the number of pages in each direction. Example 5.1, “Page Options” shows this markup. Example 5.1. Page Options <office:automatic-styles> <style:page-layout style:name="pm1"> <style:page-layout-properties style:print-page-order="ttb" style:first-page-number="2" style:scale-to-pages="1" style:writing-mode="lr-tb" style:print="formulas grid headers zero-values"/> <! etc. > </style:page-master> <! more styles > </office:automatic-styles> Spreadsheet Information in content.xml The <office:automatic-styles> element contains • Column styles • Row styles • Sheet styles • Number styles • Cell Styles Column and Row Styles Each differently styled column in the spreadsheet gets a <style:style> whose style:family is table-column. Its child <style:table-column- properties> element specifies the width of the column (style:column- width) in the form of a length, such as 1.1in. 94 OASIS OpenDocument Essentials Spreadsheet Information in content.xml The column styles are followed by <style:style> elements whose style:family is table-row. Their child <style:table-row- properties> element specifies the style:row-height. If you have chosen “optimal height” then this element will also set style:use-optimal-row- height to true. Styles for the Sheet as a Whole A <style:style> element with a style:family="table" primarily serves to connect a table with a master page and to determine whether the sheet is hidden or not. Example 5.2, “Style Information for a Sheet” shows just such an element. Example 5.2. Style Information for a Sheet <style:style style:name="ta1" style:family="table" style:master-page-name="Default"> <style:table-properties table:display="true"/> </style:style> Number Styles The other major style information in a spreadsheet deals with formatting numbers so that they show up as percentages, scientific notation, etc. A number style must convey two pieces of information: what kind of a number it is (number, currency, percent, date, etc.) and how the number is to be displayed. This is mirrored in the XML as a <number:entity-style> element, where entity can be number, currency, percent, date, etc. This element has a required style:name attribute that gives the style a unique identifier, and a style:family attribute with a value of data-style. The contents of this element will tell how to display the number, percent, currency, date, etc. Number, Percent, Scientific, and Fraction Styles Let’s start with the “pure numeric” styles: numbers, percents, scientific notation, and fractions. Plain Numbers A plain number is contained in a <number:number-style> element with a style:name attribute. Contained within this element is the description of how to display the number. In this case, we need only a simple <number:number> element that has these attributes • number:decimal-places tells how many digits are to the right of the decimal symbol • number:min-integer-digits tells how many leading zeros are present. Using OASIS OpenDocument XML 95 Chapter 5. Spreadsheets • number:grouping. If you have checked the“thousands separator” dialog item, then this attribute will be present and will have a value of true. Figure 5.2. Number Styles Dialog Example 5.3, “Number Style for format #,##0.00” shows a number style for displaying two places to the right of the decimal, one leading zero, and a grouping separator. Example 5.3. Number Style for format #,##0.00 <number:number-style style:name="N2""> <number:number number:decimal-places="2" number:min-integer-digits="1" number:grouping="true"/> </number:number-style> Note The decimal symbol and grouping symbol are not specified in the style; they are set in the application. If you want negative numbers to be red, then things become radically different. Rather than having one style, OpenDocument requires two styles, with the negative being the default and a “conditional style” for positive values. Here is the XML for a number with two digits to the right of the decimal, one leading zero, a thousands separator, and negative numbers in red: 96 OASIS OpenDocument Essentials Spreadsheet Information in content.xml Example 5.4. Number Style for format -#,##0.00 with Negative Values in Red <number:number-style style:name="N112P0" style:volatile="true">  <number:number number:decimal-places="2" number:min-integer-digits="1" number:grouping="true"/> </number:number-style> <number:number-style style:name="N112"> <style:text-properties fo:color="#ff0000"/>  <number:text>-</number:text>  <number:number number:decimal-places="2"  number:min-integer-digits="1" number:grouping="true"/> <style:map style:condition="value()&gt;=0"  style:apply-style-name="N112P0"/> </number:number-style>  This is the format to be used for positive numbers. The style:volatile="true" tells the application to retain this style, even if it is never used.  This is the main style for negative numbers. They should be displayed in red …  … starting with a minus sign …  … followed by the number with two decimal places, at least one leading zero, and a thousands separator.  However, in the event that the value of the cell is greater than or equal to (&gt;=) zero, use the positive number style (N112P0). Scientific Notation Scientific notation is a variant on plain numbers; the outer <number:number- style> contains a <number:scientific-number> element with these attributes: number:decimal-places and number:min-integer-digits for the mantissa, and number:min-exponent-digits for the exponent part. You don’t need to put the E in the specification. Example 5.5, “Scientific Notation for Format 0.00E+00” shows the style for scientific notation with two digits to the right of the decimal point, at least one to the left, and at least two digits in the exponent. Example 5.5. Scientific Notation for Format 0.00E+00 <number:number-style style:name="N3"> <number:scientific-number number:decimal-places="2" number:min-integer-digits="1" number:min-exponent-digits="2"/> </number:number-style> Using OASIS OpenDocument XML 97 Chapter 5. Spreadsheets Fractions Fractions are also variants of plain numbers. Their <number:number-style> element contains a <number:fraction> element that has these attributes: number:min-integer-digits (number of digits in the whole number part), number:min-numerator-digits, and number:min-denominator- digits. Example 5.6, “Fraction Style for Format # ??/??” shows a style for a fraction with an optional whole number part and at least two digits in the numerator and denominator. Example 5.6. Fraction Style for Format # ??/?? <number:number-style style:name="N4"> <number:fraction number:min-integer-digits="0" number:min-numerator-digits="2" number:min-denominator-digits="2"/> </number:number-style> Percentages A percentage is represented in much the same way as a plain number; the only differences are that • The enclosing element is <number:percentage-style> instead of <number:number-style>. • The enclosed <number:number> style is followed by a <number:text> element with a percent sign as its content. Example 5.7, “Percent Style for Format #,##0.00%” shows a percentage with two digits to the right of the decimal, at least one to the left, and a grouping symbol. Example 5.7. Percent Style for Format #,##0.00% <number:percentage-style style:name="N5"> <number:number number:decimal-places="2" number:min-integer-digits="1" number:grouping="true"/> <number:text>%</number:text> </number:percentage-style> Currency Styles Currency styles are similar to number styles. Specifying a currency always creates two styles: one for negative values, and one for positive values. Example 5.8, “Currency in Format -$#,##0.00” shows the XML for a currency format of US Dollars with two digits after the decimal point, a minimum of one digit before the decimal, and a thousands separator. 98 OASIS OpenDocument Essentials Spreadsheet Information in content.xml Example 5.8. Currency in Format -$#,##0.00 <number:currency-style style:name="N102P0"  style:volatile="true"> <number:currency-symbol  number:language="en" number:country="US">$</number:currency-symbol> <number:number number:decimal-places="2"  number:min-integer-digits="1" number:grouping="true"/> </number:currency-style> <number:currency-style style:name="N102"> <number:text>-</number:text>  <number:currency-symbol number:language="en" number:country="US">$</number:currency-symbol> <number:number number:decimal-places="2" number:min-integer-digits="1" number:grouping="true"/> <style:map style:condition="value()&gt;=0" style:apply-style-name="N102P0"/>  </number:currency-style>  The formatting for positive values appears first, contained in a <number:currency-style> element.  The <number:currency-symbol> ’s content is the dollar sign. The number:language and number:country allow a program to distinguish the US dollar from the New Zealand dollar or Mexican new peso symbol, which look the same but have different countries and/or languages.  The number portion of the display uses the same <number:number> element that we have already described [6] .  For negative values, the minus sign precedes the currency symbol.  As in Example 5.4, “Number Style for format -#,##0.00 with Negative Values in Red”, a <style:map> is used to choose whether to use the negative number format or the positive number format. The appearance of <number:text> elements mirrors the order in which the text appears. Example 5.9, “Currency Format for Greek Drachma” shows the negative number portion of the XML for the Greek drachma. In this format, the value is shown in red, the minus sign appears first, then the number, then a blank and the letters “Δρχ.” (We are showing only the negative number specification.) [6] If you want to have a replacement for the decimal part of the number (as in $15 ), you add number:decimal-replacement=" " to the <number:number> element. Using OASIS OpenDocument XML 99 Chapter 5. Spreadsheets Example 5.9. Currency Format for Greek Drachma <number:currency-style style:name="N111"> <style:properties fo:color="#ff0000"/> <number:text>-</number:text> <number:number number:decimal-places="2" number:min-integer-digits="1" number:grouping="true"/> <number:text> </number:text> <number:currency-symbol number:language="el" number:country="GR">Δρχ</number:currency-symbol> <style:map style:condition="value()&gt;=0" style:apply-style-name="N111P0"/> </number:currency-style> Date and Time Styles OpenDocument applications support a large number of different formats for dates and times. Rather than explain each one in detail, it’s easier to simply compose the style you want out of parts. For dates, the enclosing element is a <number:date-style> element, with the usual style:name attribute. The number:automatic-order attribute is used to automatically order data to match the default order for the language and country of the data. You may also set the number:format-source to fixed, to let the application determine the value of “short” and “long” representations of months, days, etc. If the value is language, then those values are taken from the language and country set in the style. Within the <number:date-style> element are the following elements, with their significant attributes: <number:year> Gives the year in two-digit form; the year 2003 appears as 03. If number:style="long" then the year appears as four digits. <number:month> If number:textual="true" then the month appears as an abbreviated name; otherwise a number without a leading zero. To get the full name of the month or the month number with a leading zero, set number:style="long". <number:day-of-week> The day of the week as an abbreviated name; to see the full name, use number:style="long". <number:day> The day of the month as a number without a leading zero; to see leading zeros, use number:style="long". 100 OASIS OpenDocument Essentials Spreadsheet Information in content.xml <number:quarter> Which quarter of the year; in U.S. English, a date in October appears as Q4. If number:style="long", then it appears as 4th quarter. <number:week-of-year> Displays which week of the year this date occurs in; thus January 1st displays as 1 and December 31st displays as 52 (or, in OpenOffice.org’s case, as 1 if there are 53 weeks in the year, as there are in 2003!) Example 5.10, “Date Styles” shows three date styles. The first will display the fourth day of the seventh month of 2005 as Monday, July 4, 2005; the second will display it as 07/04/05, and the third as 3rd Quarter 05. Example 5.10. Date Styles <number:date-style style:name="N79" number:automatic-order="true"> <number:day-of-week number:style="long"/> <number:text>, </number:text> <number:month number:style="long" number:textual="true"/> <number:text> </number:text> <number:day/> <number:text>, </number:text> <number:year number:style="long"/> </number:date-style> <number:date-style style:name="N37" number:automatic-order="true"> <number:month number:style="long"/> <number:text>/</number:text> <number:day number:style="long"/> <number:text>/</number:text> <number:year/> </number:date-style> <number:date-style style:name="N20106"> <number:quarter number:style="long"/> <number:text> </number:text> <number:year/> </number:date-style> Time values are represented by the <number:time-style> element. Its sub- elements are: <number:hours> Shows the number of hours; if you want leading zeros on hours less than ten, set number:style="long". If a duration is more than 24 hours, it will be displayed mod 24. If you do not want this to happen, then set number:truncate-on-overflow="false" on the <number:time-style> element. <number:minutes> Displays the number of minutes without a leading zero; if you want two digits, set number:style="long". Using OASIS OpenDocument XML 101 Chapter 5. Spreadsheets <number:seconds> Displays the number of seconds without a leading zero; if you want two digits, set number:style="long". If you wish to see decimal fractions of a second, then add a number:decimal-places attribute whose value is the number of decimal places you want. <number:am-pm> This empty element inserts the appropriate am or pm (in the selected locale). Example 5.11, “Time Style” shows the style required to display a time in the format 09:02:34 AM Example 5.11. Time Style <number:time-style style:name="N43"> <number:hours number:style="long"/> <number:text>:</number:text> <number:minutes number:style="long"/> <number:text>:</number:text> <number:seconds number:style="long"/> <number:text> </number:text> <number:am-pm/> </number:time-style> Note A <number:date-style> element may also specify hours, minutes, and seconds. Internationalizing Number Styles An OpenDocument-compatible application gets its cues for displaying numbers from the current language setting. You may set the display of a number to a specific language and country by adding the number:language and number:country attributes to a <number:entity-style> element. Thus, to make a date display in Korean format, you would start the specification as follows: <number:date-style style:name="N5076" number:language="ko" number:country="KR"> <number:year number:style="long"/> <number:text> 년 </number:text> <number:month/> <number:text> 월 </number:text> <number:day/> <number:text>일</number:text> </number:date-style> 102 OASIS OpenDocument Essentials [...]... xmlns:office="urn :oasis: names:tc :opendocument: xmlns:office:1.0" xmlns:meta="urn :oasis: names:tc :opendocument: xmlns:meta:1.0" xmlns:config="urn :oasis: names:tc :opendocument: xmlns:config:1.0" xmlns:text="urn :oasis: names:tc :opendocument: xmlns:text:1.0" xmlns:table="urn :oasis: names:tc :opendocument: xmlns:table:1.0" xmlns:draw="urn :oasis: names:tc :opendocument: xmlns:drawing:1.0" xmlns:presentation="urn :oasis: names:tc :opendocument: xmlns:►... xmlns:dr3d="urn :oasis: names:tc :opendocument: xmlns:dr3d:1.0" xmlns:chart="urn :oasis: names:tc :opendocument: xmlns:chart:1.0" xmlns:form="urn :oasis: names:tc :opendocument: xmlns:form:1.0" xmlns:script="urn :oasis: names:tc :opendocument: xmlns:script:1.0" xmlns:style="urn :oasis: names:tc :opendocument: xmlns:style:1.0" xmlns:number="urn :oasis: names:tc :opendocument: xmlns:datastyle:1.0" xmlns:anim="urn :oasis: names:tc :opendocument: xmlns:animation:1.0"... xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:math="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xforms="http://www.w3.org/2002/xforms" xmlns:fo="urn :oasis: names:tc :opendocument: xmlns:► xsl-fo-compatible:1.0" xmlns:svg="urn :oasis: names:tc :opendocument: xmlns:► svg-compatible:1.0" xmlns:smil="urn :oasis: names:tc :opendocument: xmlns:► smil-compatible:1.0" > xmlns:ooo="http://openoffice.org/2004/office" xmlns:ooow="http://openoffice.org/2004/writer"... subtract one from the column number before dividing (so that the math works out right), and must add one to the result, because characters are numbered starting at one Using OASIS OpenDocument XML 127 Chapter 5 Spreadsheets 128 OASIS OpenDocument Essentials ... formatString Using OASIS OpenDocument XML 113 Chapter 5 Spreadsheets def endStr( self ):  if (self.textStr != ""): textElement = self.document.createElement( "number:text" ) textNode = self.document.createTextNode( self.textStr ) textElement.appendChild( textNode ) self.fragment.appendChild( textElement ) self.textStr = "" def addCurrency( self ): self.endStr()  node = self.fragment.appendChild( self.document.createElement(... nodes in the document, indexed by the value of their id attribute We will use this index, which has the name student-index, to access a student’s information from another node’s context Using OASIS OpenDocument XML 119 Chapter 5 Spreadsheets Here’s the first template: what to output when we encounter the root node of the document It will...   In this case, we are using to modify the order in which the templates are applied to the selected nodes The first specifies the primary sort key; the second specifies the secondary key You may have as many keys as you need Using OASIS OpenDocument XML 123 Chapter 5 Spreadsheets  When... zipfile import * from StringIO import * if (len(sys.argv) == 4): # Open an existing OpenDocument file # inFile = ZipFile( sys.argv[1] ) # and a brand new output file # outFile = ZipFile( sys.argv[2], "w", ZIP_DEFLATED ); getParameters( sys.argv[3] ) # # 108 modify all appropriate currency styles OASIS OpenDocument Essentials Case Study: Modifying a Spreadsheet # fixCurrency( "styles.xml" ) fixCurrency(... only, ignoring the content of the cell’s 104 OASIS OpenDocument Essentials Table Content Putting it all Together Figure 5.3, “Spreadsheet Showing Various Data Types” shows a simple spreadsheet with the default language set to Dutch (Netherlands) Figure 5.3 Spreadsheet Showing Various Data Types Showing you the actual XML would be more confusing than illuminating Instead, we’ve boiled down the... Using OASIS OpenDocument XML 109 Chapter 5 Spreadsheets Converting the XML Take a deep breath and hold on tight; this is the largest function in the program def fixCurrency( filename ): # # Read the styles.xml file as a string file # and create a disk file for output # dataSource = StringIO (inFile.read( filename )) tempFileName = "/tmp/workfile" dataSink = open(tempFileName, "w")  # # Parse the document . table:formula="oooc:=TIME([.E1];[.E2];[.E3])"/> 106 OASIS OpenDocument Essentials Table Content If you are using an array formula which would be represented. appropriate for your system.) Using OASIS OpenDocument XML 111 Chapter 5. Spreadsheets  We will convert the format strings to document fragments so that