Trong các môn học tự nhiên thì Toán, lý hóa có sách tham khảo song ngữ để phục vụ công tác giảng dạy. Tuy nhiên môn sinh thì lại chưa tìm thấy nên công việc soạn giáo án bằng tiếng anh sẽ gặp rất nhiều khó khăn với giáo viên không chuyên. Vì thế tôi đưa bài tế bào nhân sơ sinh học 10 bằng tiếng anh với hy vong có thể hỗ trợ phần nào cho quí thầy cô không chuyên.
Vinh Long high school CHAPTER 2: CELL STRUCTURE LESSON 7: PROKARYTIC I / OBJECTIVE: / Knowledge: -Students can state the characteristics of prokaryotic cells Explain what advantages of small prokaryotic cells? Describe the structure and function of the parts that make up a prokaryotic cell / Skills: -Observing pictures to recognize knowledge Comparative analysis / Attitude: Seeing the unity of the cell and the living world II / PREPARATION: Teacher - Magnified pictures of prokaryotic cells, some typical bacteria -Documents about gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria Students Textbook study III / TEACHING - LEARNING ACTIVITIES: 1/ Stable class Check out old lessons State the structural difference between DNA and RNA.-In cells, there are usually enzymes that correct errors in the nucleotide sequence In your opinion, which feature of the DNA structure helps it correct the above error? / New lesson: Have you ever seen bacterial cells? (Although bacteria are abundant around us even on our bodies, due to their small size we can only see them under a microscope with a magnification of thousands of times.) Today ,we learn a new lesson: Prokaryotic cells Content For teacher For student The living world is Cells are the basic made up of two blocks of all livings, types of cells: there are types: prokaryotic and prokaryotic and eukaryotic eukaryotic - Organisms with I General features → In which organism prokaryotic cells are of prokaryotic are prokaryotic cells? bacteria Duong Huynh Yen Linh Page Vinh Long high school cells: - no nucleus - few organelles and they not have a membrane - small size (about 15µm; 1/10 eukaryotic cell size) *What are the benefits of prokaryotic cells? - The ratio S/V is large, the speed of matebolism with the environment takes place quickly - growing fast - dividing rapidly, the number of cells increases rapidly II Structure: include: cell wall, plasma membrane, plasma and nuclear 1/- Cell wall, plasma, pill, flagella: a/Cell wall: - Structure: from carbohydrates linked Duong Huynh Yen Linh → What are the features of prokaryotic cells? → What are the advantages of small size? The higher the S/V ratio, the greater the metabolic rate between cells and the environment *Illustration: if the same volume or mass, under which conditions of large and small area, metabolism is faster? → What are the components of bacterial cells? → Observing H7.2 textbook and describing the structure of a bacillus? → What is cell wall? What is use for? Page - Without a complete nuclear Few organelles, the organelles not covering and small size - The S/V ratio is large, allowing them to exchange matter and energy with the environment quickly, grow and develop - Composition of bacterial cells: cell walls, plasma membranes, pill and flagella; cytoplasm, nuclear region - Observing figure 7.2 in textbook Describing the structure of the bacillus from the outside to the inside - Structuring from carbohydrates linked together by short polypeptide segments -> peptidoglycan Vinh Long high school together by short polypeptide segments -> peptidoglycan - Function: regulates the shape of cells and protects cells - Regulating the shape of cells and protects cells → Basing on where people distinguish two types of positive and negative bacteria? Basing on the chemical structure of the cell wall, it is distinguished into *Basing on the types of bacteria: chemical structure of gram- positive the cell wall, it is bacteria (gramdistinguished into stained purple) and types of bacteria: gram-negative (red gram- positive stained) → What are the bacteria (gram- Composed of characteristics of the stained purple) and phospholipid (2 plasma membrane? gram-negative (red layers) and protein stained) → What is the role of b/ Plasma - Helping bacteria to pill and flagella? membrane: move, stick to the Composed of surface of host cells → What are the phospholipid (2 - Consists of main components of layers) and protein components are cytoplasm? c/ Pill and Flagella: cytoplasm and Helping bacteria to ribosome, some also → What is the role of move, stick to the have reserve ribosome? surface of host cells particles 2/- Cytoplasm: - Ribosome is → Why people located in the middle involved in protein call the bacterial and the plasma synthesis cells are prokaryotic membrane and - Because cells cells? nuclear region, not have a complete including: cytoplasm, nucleus and no → Genetic material ribosome (some with nucleus membrane of the cell’s DNA reserve particles) covering the DNA prolife is circular, no membrane wrapped 3/- Nuclear region: Duong Huynh Yen Linh Page Vinh Long high school - Contains only cyclic DNA and no envelope - In some bacteria there is also small ring-shaped DNA located in a cytoplasm called a plasmid → Why not call the nucleus but called the nucleus region? What is in the nucleus region? → Apart from the DNA located in the nucleus, where the cell’s DNA prolife was located? - Because the nuclear structure is not yet surrounded by the nuclear membrane - The DNA is in a cytoplasm called a plasmid 4/ Consolidation: Teachers give problems to reinforce knowledge for students: Because bacteria are small in size and simple in structure, they have the ability to reproduce very quickly, so that we can transfer genes regulates the proteins of eukaryotic cells (human cells) into the bacterial cell so that it can synthesize a large amount and in a short time the necessary protein products 5/ Homework: - Study and answer the questions at the end of the lesson - Read the section: I know - Prepare lesson: Eukaryotic cells Duong Huynh Yen Linh Page ... Helping bacteria to ribosome, some also → What is the role of move, stick to the have reserve ribosome? surface of host cells particles 2/- Cytoplasm: - Ribosome is → Why people located in the... transfer genes regulates the proteins of eukaryotic cells (human cells) into the bacterial cell so that it can synthesize a large amount and in a short time the necessary protein products 5/ Homework:... is faster? → What are the components of bacterial cells? → Observing H7.2 textbook and describing the structure of a bacillus? → What is cell wall? What is use for? Page - Without a complete nuclear