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Advances inShrimp Nutrition
Stephen G. Newman Ph.D.
President
Aqua-In-Tech Inc.
Introduction
Basic Nutritional Requirements
Feed additives
–
Glucans
–
Bacterial Cell Wall
–
Nucleotides
–
Fucoidan
–
Others
Conclusion
Basic Nutritional Requirements
Protein levels are species and rearing environment
dependent
P. monodon, P. stylirostrus higher protein
P. vannamei-lower protein-plant derived OK
Similar Vitamin and Mineral Requirements
Closed versus open system culture.
Most ponds provide nutrients to smaller shrimp
Beta 1,3 1,6 glucans
Structure very important for activity
Continuous feeding unwise practice
Non-specific immunity
–
Short term
–
Weakened by stress and high levels of
pathogens
Saccharomyces cereviseae
Glucan Structure
Glucan testing
Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute
3 levels incorporated into feed
Post larval P. vannamei
Fed for several weeks prior to exposure to WSSV
bacterial suspension
Mortalities followed for 7-10 days and tabulated
Glucan Effective Against WSSV
Bacterial Cell Walls
From both common groups of bacteria
Gram Positive-Peptidoglycan
Gram Negative-Lipopolysaccharide
Peptidoglycan
[...]... Basic building blocks of DNA and RNA Needed for all metabolic function Present in food External source of bases and precursors is beneficial Study feeding PLs at different levels done in Isreal with P vannamei Nucleotides Stimulates Intestinal flora Increases number of immunocompetent cells Increases antibody titers Modulates glandular activity No residues Potentiates activity of antibiotics, vaccines and... Cruder products may be effective as well Fucoidan Percent Survival Fucoidan 100 80 60 40 20 0 80 1 82 2 0 Control Others Wide variety of compounds being examined with possible beneficial effects including Levamisole, mushroom extracts such as VitaStim, lactoferrins, various herbal extracts, MOS, etc Most IMPORTANT HUSBANDRY, SPF animals to start with, Good water quality management Conclusions Variety of... Nucleotides Fucoidan Fucoidan Fucoidan Sulfated polysaccharides with high affinity enveloped viruses Deeply embedded in algal cell walls Activity against HIV, Herpes viruses and WSSV Fucoidan Takashi et al 1998 Fed two dosages 60 and 100 mg/kg/bw/day Fed for 15 days Waterborne Challenge Substantial Protective benefit Determined to be due to the sulfate group Used a 70% pure product-$1300/kg Cruder products... off 2 Daily 3 2 days on and five off N=20 Continuous water borne challenge Peptidoglycan Lipopolysaccharide Lipopolysaccharide Lipopolysaccharide Itami et al Late 1980’s Kuruma prawns 8 to 11 adults (20 grams each) 1% suspension of dead bacterial material 1-immersion for one hour 2-Sprayed for 10 secs 3-Injected 30 days later injected with virulent strain of vibrio Statistically significant protective... additives that have been shown under controlled conditions to impact survival Field trial results are less clear cut though they do suggest a benefit exists Combination of approaches might be the best Important that animals have optimal nutrition, minimal stress and good pathogen control .
Advances in Shrimp Nutrition
Stephen G. Newman Ph.D.
President
Aqua -In- Tech Inc.
Introduction
Basic Nutritional Requirements
Feed. different levels done in Isreal
with P. vannamei
Nucleotides
Stimulates Intestinal flora
Increases number of immunocompetent cells
Increases antibody titers
Modulates