Tài liệu Advances in Shrimp Nutrition pptx

Advances in Shrimp Nutrition Stephen G. Newman Ph.D. President Aqua-In-Tech Inc. Introduction  Basic Nutritional Requirements  Feed additives – Glucans – Bacterial Cell Wall – Nucleotides – Fucoidan – Others  Conclusion Basic Nutritional Requirements Protein levels are species and rearing environment dependent  P. monodon, P. stylirostrus higher protein  P. vannamei-lower protein-plant derived OK Similar Vitamin and Mineral Requirements  Closed versus open system culture.  Most ponds provide nutrients to smaller shrimp Beta 1,3 1,6 glucans  Structure very important for activity  Continuous feeding unwise practice  Non-specific immunity – Short term – Weakened by stress and high levels of pathogens Saccharomyces cereviseae Glucan Structure Glucan testing Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute 3 levels incorporated into feed Post larval P. vannamei Fed for several weeks prior to exposure to WSSV bacterial suspension Mortalities followed for 7-10 days and tabulated Glucan Effective Against WSSV Bacterial Cell Walls From both common groups of bacteria Gram Positive-Peptidoglycan Gram Negative-Lipopolysaccharide Peptidoglycan [...]... Basic building blocks of DNA and RNA Needed for all metabolic function Present in food External source of bases and precursors is beneficial Study feeding PLs at different levels done in Isreal with P vannamei Nucleotides Stimulates Intestinal flora Increases number of immunocompetent cells Increases antibody titers Modulates glandular activity No residues Potentiates activity of antibiotics, vaccines and... Cruder products may be effective as well Fucoidan Percent Survival Fucoidan 100 80 60 40 20 0 80 1 82 2 0 Control Others Wide variety of compounds being examined with possible beneficial effects including Levamisole, mushroom extracts such as VitaStim, lactoferrins, various herbal extracts, MOS, etc Most IMPORTANT HUSBANDRY, SPF animals to start with, Good water quality management Conclusions Variety of... Nucleotides Fucoidan Fucoidan Fucoidan Sulfated polysaccharides with high affinity enveloped viruses Deeply embedded in algal cell walls Activity against HIV, Herpes viruses and WSSV Fucoidan Takashi et al 1998 Fed two dosages 60 and 100 mg/kg/bw/day Fed for 15 days Waterborne Challenge Substantial Protective benefit Determined to be due to the sulfate group Used a 70% pure product-$1300/kg Cruder products... off 2 Daily 3 2 days on and five off N=20 Continuous water borne challenge Peptidoglycan Lipopolysaccharide Lipopolysaccharide Lipopolysaccharide Itami et al Late 1980’s Kuruma prawns 8 to 11 adults (20 grams each) 1% suspension of dead bacterial material 1-immersion for one hour 2-Sprayed for 10 secs 3-Injected 30 days later injected with virulent strain of vibrio Statistically significant protective... additives that have been shown under controlled conditions to impact survival Field trial results are less clear cut though they do suggest a benefit exists Combination of approaches might be the best Important that animals have optimal nutrition, minimal stress and good pathogen control . Advances in Shrimp Nutrition Stephen G. Newman Ph.D. President Aqua -In- Tech Inc. Introduction  Basic Nutritional Requirements  Feed. different levels done in Isreal with P. vannamei Nucleotides Stimulates Intestinal flora Increases number of immunocompetent cells Increases antibody titers Modulates