Tài liệu Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration pdf

Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration Contents Overview Command Line Administration Programmatic Management Solutions 11 Demonstration: Examining and Executing Scripts 18 Microsoft Application Center 2000 20 Lab A: Network Load Balancing Administration 21 Review 31 Information in this document is subject to change without notice The names of companies, products, people, characters, and/or data mentioned herein are fictitious and are in no way intended to represent any real individual, company, product, or event, unless otherwise noted Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the responsibility of the user No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of Microsoft Corporation If, however, your only means of access is electronic, permission to print one copy is hereby granted Microsoft may have patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights covering subject matter in this document Except as expressly provided in any written license agreement from Microsoft, the furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property  2000 Microsoft Corporation All rights reserved Microsoft, Active Directory, BackOffice, Jscript, PowerPoint, Visual Basic, Visual Studio, Win32, Windows, Windows NT are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A and/or other countries Other product and company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners Program Manager: Don Thompson Product Manager: Greg Bulette Instructional Designers: April Andrien, Priscilla Johnston, Diana Jahrling Subject Matter Experts: Jack Creasey, Jeff Johnson Technical Contributor: James Cochran Classroom Automation: Lorrin Smith-Bates Graphic Designer: Andrea Heuston (Artitudes Layout & Design) Editing Manager: Lynette Skinner Editor: Elizabeth Reese Copy Editor: Bill Jones (S&T Consulting) Production Manager: Miracle Davis Build Manager: Julie Challenger Print Production: Irene Barnett (S&T Consulting) CD Production: Eric Wagoner Test Manager: Eric R Myers Test Lead: Robertson Lee (Volt Technical) Creative Director: David Mahlmann Media Consultation: Scott Serna Illustration: Andrea Heuston (Artitudes Layout & Design) Localization Manager: Rick Terek Operations Coordinator: John Williams Manufacturing Support: Laura King; Kathy Hershey Lead Product Manager, Release Management: Bo Galford Lead Technology Manager: Sid Benavente Lead Product Manager, Content Development: Ken Rosen Group Manager, Courseware Infrastructure: David Bramble Group Product Manager, Content Development: Julie Truax Director, Training & Certification Courseware Development: Dean Murray General Manager: Robert Stewart Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration iii Instructor Notes Presentation: 45 Minutes This module provides students with the knowledge and skills to administer a Network Load Balancing cluster Lab: 30 Minutes After completing this module, students will be able to: Utilize the command line to administer the Network Load Balancing cluster Manage the Network Load Balancing cluster with scripting tools Describe the feature sets of Microsoft® Application Center 2000 Materials and Preparation This section provides the materials and preparation tasks that you need to teach this module Required Materials To teach this module, you need the Microsoft PowerPoint® file 2087A_10.ppt Preparation Tasks To prepare for this module, you should: Read all of the materials for this module Complete Lab A: Network Load Balancing Administration Study the review questions and prepare alternative answers to discuss Anticipate questions that students may ask Write out the questions and provide the answers iv Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration Demonstration This section provides demonstration procedures that will not fit in the margin notes or are not appropriate for the student notes Demonstration A: Using the WMI Object Browser To prepare for the demonstration If you want only to demonstrate the use of the WMI Object Browser, ensure that you have installed the software development kit (SDK) on the instructor computer If you want to demonstrate the installation of the SDK, make the SDK software available from a share on the instructor computer Demonstration B: Examining and Executing Scripts To prepare for the demonstration Ensure that the scripts that you will describe to the students are available to execute Sample scripts are available on the Instructor CD, move the relevant scripts to the instructor computer Practice describing enumeration, object creation, and loop structures in the selected scripts Three simple scripts are printed in the demonstration text, but you may use more complex scripts if students are at a more advanced level Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration Module Strategy Use the following strategy to present this module: Command Line Administration Review the Wlbs.exe commands with the students Review the cluster and host commands with the students Ensure that the students understand the security issues with configuring the Network Load Balancing driver for remote operations Review the cluster control commands Review the commands for Wlbs.exe cluster operations Review the rule-based operations Programmatic Management Solutions Use the graphic for the Network Load Balancing WMI Provider and ensure that the students understand how the Network Load Balancing driver plugs into the WMI Provider Start the WMI Object Browser and demonstrate the use of the tool to configure and monitor Network Load Balancing cluster operations Review the use of the Windows Scripting Host to write noninteractive scripts for logging on, administering, and automating the NLB hosts This topic is meant as a brief introduction to the tool, not expect the students to know scripting Use the scripts that are provided in the demonstration to provide the students with examples of how they can use scripting Microsoft Application Center 2000 Briefly review the features of Application Center 2000 v Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration Overview Topic Objective To provide an overview of the module topics and objectives Lead-in In this module, you will learn about the administration tasks that are required to manage the Network Load Balancing cluster Command Line Administration Programmatic Management Solutions Microsoft® Application Center Server 2000 *****************************ILLEGAL FOR NON-TRAINER USE****************************** Administration of a Network Load Balancing cluster can require managing many individual hosts in addition to the single logical cluster You can perform administrative tasks at each individual host, but performing remote administration can allow you to use a more centralized approach For example, a large n-tiered Web site with multiple Network Load Balancing clusters that you configure by using round robin DNS entries requires administration of a potentially large number of hosts To provide efficient administration from a central location requires the use of remote host administration A solution that provides a centralized administrative capability can include the use of Wlbs.exe or applications and tools that are developed specifically for the task In this module you will learn how to administer a Network Load Balancing cluster by using Wlbs.exe and other programmatic solutions After completing this module, you will be able to: Utilize the command line to administer the Network Load Balancing cluster Manage the Network Load Balancing cluster with scripting tools Describe the feature sets of Microsoft® Application Center 2000 Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration Command Line Administration Topic Objective To use the command line to administer the Network Load Balancing cluster Lead-in Wlbs.exe provides direct interaction with the Network Load Balancing cluster both as a whole or with the individual host members Wlbs.exe Commands Cluster and Host Commands Cluster Control Commands Setting Cluster and Host Operations Setting Rule-based Operations *****************************ILLEGAL FOR NON-TRAINER USE****************************** Delivery Tip This diamond page and the pages that support this topic deal with using Wlbs.exe commands to configure and manage the Network Load Balancing cluster Explain to the students that they will be able to use commands to provide more efficient administration of the cluster through automation of routine tasks Wlbs.exe provides direct interaction with the Network Load Balancing cluster both as a whole or with the individual host members In addition to providing the capability of stopping and starting a cluster, Wlbs.exe provides commands to examine cluster status, control the cluster, and enable and disable port rules You can achieve automation of tasks involving the Network Load Balancing cluster or the individual cluster members by using Wlbs.exe in bat or cmd command files The degree to which this type of automation is successful will depend on the tasks requiring execution; and because Wlbs.exe provides little feedback on operation performance, which can require you to create scripted solutions by using Microsoft Windows® Management Instrumentation (WMI) to monitor performance For example, if a cluster is scheduled to stop at the same time each Friday to perform a backup, you can automate the backup task with a simple batch file The automated batch file stops the cluster and starts the backup, restarting the cluster on backup completion Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration Wlbs.exe Commands Topic Objective To identify the Wlbs.exe commands that allows administration of the cluster Wlbs.exe Command Line Syntax Lead-in Wlbs.exe Commands The Wlbs.exe program operates on Network Load Balanced hosts or on any remote computer running Windows 2000 that accesses the cluster over a local or wide area network Wlbs start Wlbs stop *****************************ILLEGAL FOR NON-TRAINER USE****************************** The Wlbs.exe program operates on Network Load Balanced hosts or on any remote computer that is running Microsoft Windows 2000 that accesses the cluster over a local or wide area network You can also use Wlbs.exe to issue commands to a single host or an entire cluster remotely; however, firewalls or intermediate security devices may require configuration to allow communication to the cluster Wlbs.exe Command Line Syntax The command line for Wlbs.exe uses the syntax wlbs command [cluster [:host] [remote options]] and is installed in the %Systemroot%\System32 folder You can omit the cluster, host, and remote options when running Wlbs.exe directly on a cluster host In this case, the command applies only to the local cluster host To address the cluster as a whole or a different host within the cluster, you must also specify the target cluster, or target cluster and specific host together The following table provides examples of how to address the cluster Cluster and Host Parameter Example Action (omitted) wlbs command Invokes command on current cluster host Cluster wlbs command mycluster Invokes command on all cluster hosts cluster:host wlbs command \ mycluster:host1 Invokes command on a specific cluster host Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration Wlbs.exe Commands You can configure Network Load Balancing hosts to join the cluster automatically upon startup or to wait for the wlbs start command by enabling the initial state option in the Network Load Balancing Properties dialog box You can use the wlbs start command with the wlbs stop command to change cluster parameters for the local host without taking the entire cluster offline Wlbs start The wlbs start command will attempt to start the actions of the Network Load Balancing driver on the local host When you start a host, there is communication between the local host and current members of the cluster (heartbeat communications) If you have properly configured the local host, it will successfully join the cluster Note You can restart cluster operations on the local cluster host by either restarting the computer or typing wlbs start at the command prompt You can restart cluster operations on all of the cluster hosts by typing wlbs start followed by the cluster Internet Protocol (IP) address or cluster name Wlbs stop The wlbs stop command will stop the actions of the Network Load Balancing driver on the local host When you stop the local host, it no longer participates in the cluster The wlbs stop command can be described as a command to a host to leave the cluster You can use the following procedure to stop operations on a specific host or the entire cluster by adding the IP address or the cluster name after the wlbs stop command To stop Network Load Balancing Click Start, point to Programs, point to Accessories, and then click Command Prompt Type wlbs stop at the command prompt Cluster operations are immediately stopped on the local cluster host If you want to stop cluster operations on all cluster hosts, type wlbs stop followed by the cluster IP address or cluster name Note When you use the wlbs stop command any client connections already in progress are interrupted To avoid interrupting active connections, consider using the drainstop cluster control command Drainstop will be explained in a later topic within this module 18 Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration Demonstration: Examining and Executing Scripts Topic Objective To demonstrate the execution of scripts Lead-in Using scripts you can list all of the processes and services running or view the Event Log for the Network Load Balancing cluster *****************************ILLEGAL FOR NON-TRAINER USE****************************** Using scripts you can list all of the processes and services running or view the Event Log for the Network Load Balancing cluster List all Processes Running on the Local System The following code segment illustrates the use of enumeration, direct access to a CIM property (in this case the Name property of an instance of the CIM class Win32_Service) as if it were an automation property, and local access for each Process in GetObject("winmgmts:{impersonationLevel=impersonate}") InstancesOf ("Win32_process") WScript.Echo Process.Name Next List all Services Running on the System on Host Products1 The following code segment illustrates the use of enumeration, direct CIM property access, and remote access to a Windows 2000 system for each Service in GetObject("winmgmts:{impersonationLevel=impersonate}! //ServerName").InstancesOf ("Win32_service") WScript.Echo Service.DisplayName Next Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration 19 Listen for NT Event Log Events on the Local System The following code segment illustrates the use of registration of a temporary event consumer on a specified event filter, and direct CIM property access on error resume next set locator = CreateObject("WbemScripting.SWbemLocator") 'Access to the NT event log requires the security privilege locator Security_.Privileges.AddAsString "SeSecurityPrivilege" set events = locator.ConnectServer().ExecNotificationQuery _ ("select * from instancecreationevent where targetinstance is a 'Win32_NTLogEvent'") if err then WScript.Echo Err.Description, Err.Number, Err.Source end if ' Note this next call will wait indefinitely - a timeout can be specified WScript.Echo "Waiting for NT Events " WScript.Echo "" set NTEvent = events.nextevent if err then WScript.Echo Err.Number, Err.Description, Err.Source Exit Do elseif NTEvent.TargetInstance.Message Empty then WScript.Echo NTEvent.TargetInstance.Message else Wscript.Echo "Event received, but it did not contain a message." end if loop WScript.Echo "finished" 20 Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration Microsoft Application Center 2000 Topic Objective To demonstrate the Application Center Server management tool Web Cluster Web Cluster COM+ COM+ Application Cluster Application Cluster Lead-in Application Center 2000 provides for scaling and managing a broad range of Web-based business applications Server A Server A Server Server Server B Server B Server Server Internet Internet Router Router Firewall Firewall NLB Clients Clients Database Database Cluster Cluster CLB Server C Server C Server Server *****************************ILLEGAL FOR NON-TRAINER USE****************************** Microsoft Application Center 2000 provides for scaling and managing a broad range of Web-based business applications Its feature set includes Network Load Balancing, Component Load Balancing and server synchronization features Application Center 2000 Server Version is integrated with core Windows 2000 Server services and extends the core operating system services by providing tools, such as application publishing Application Center 2000 provides the following features: Addresses issues related to scaling out Web-based applications across multiple servers Accommodates deployment of content and applications across cluster members Load balances and distributes connections across a cluster Proactively monitors health and performance metrics for cluster members Provides performance testing to enable scaling for next-generation applications that are based on the Microsoft NET strategy Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration 21 Lab A: Network Load Balancing Administration Topic Objective To introduce the lab Lead-in In this lab, you will administer a Network Load Balancing cluster *****************************ILLEGAL FOR NON-TRAINER USE****************************** Delivery Tip Be prepared to discuss students’ results, in particular any questions they may have regarding cluster convergence Emphasize that cluster convergence depends on the number and type of rules that are the same for each cluster host You will commence Lab 10 with a functional 2-host cluster You will work together in pairs to test machines, verify the operation of the Web services, and perform command administration on the cluster Objectives After completing this lab, you will be able to: Collect information on cluster operations Enable remote operations on a cluster member Start, stop, and drainstop a cluster member Start and stop a cluster Suspend and resume a cluster host Drain, enable, and disable a cluster host Modify and use a script to control cluster operations Prerequisites Before working on this lab, you must be familiar with the concepts in Module 10, “Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration.” Estimated time to complete this lab: 30 minutes 22 Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration Exercise Examining Cluster Status and Controlling Cluster Operations All students will complete this procedure and will work with a partner You will collect information on Network Load Balancing To examine and record information on the status of the 2-host cluster Click Start, click Run, type cmd in the Open dialog box, an then click OK to open a command prompt window Type wlbs at the command prompt, and then press ENTER to execute Wlbs.exe Read the help screen and examine the syntax that is required to use Wlbs.exe Type wlbs query at the command prompt, and then press ENTER Record the current status for the cluster: The cluster will be CONVERGED with Host as the DEFAULT, and Host and as members of the cluster Type wlbs display at the command prompt and press ENTER Record the last event message for the cluster, the Host Priority and Dedicated IP address Does the information that you recorded apply to the virtual cluster or to the individual cluster member on which you ran Wlbs? The information applies to the individual cluster host, because no cluster name or IP address was specified Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration 23 To enable remote operations on the cluster Perform the following task on both student computers Type wlbs stop yourclusterIP at the command prompt and press ENTER Record the information provided Did the cluster stop? No On the lowest number student ID computer, reconfigure the Network Load Balancing Cluster Parameters to enable remote control, and close the configuration dialog box Remove any passwords from the dialog boxes Type wlbs stop yourclusterIP at the command prompt and press ENTER Record the information provided Did the cluster stop? Yes On the highest number student ID computer, type wlbs query at the command prompt and press ENTER Record the information provided Is this cluster host stopped? No On the highest number student ID computer, reconfigure the Network Load Balancing Cluster Parameters to enable remote control, and close the configuration dialog box Do not enter a password in the dialog boxes Type wlbs start yourclusterIP at the command prompt and press ENTER 24 Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration 10 Record the information provided Did the cluster start? Yes 11 Were there differences in the responses from both hosts? Host was already started; Host was started by the start command 12 On both student computers, type wlbs drainstop at the command prompt and press ENTER 13 Record the response from the command 14 On both student computers, type wlbs query at the command prompt and press ENTER 15 Record the convergence state of the cluster What can you say about the status information that is supplied when the host is stopped? Compare your answer with your partner’s When a host is stopped you cannot find active status information on the cluster Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration 25 16 On both student computers, type wlbs start at the command prompt and press ENTER 17 On the lowest number student ID computer, type wlbs suspend at the command prompt and press ENTER 18 Record the information provided 19 On the highest number student ID computer, type wlbs stop yourclusterIP at the command prompt and press ENTER 20 Record the information provided Did the cluster stop? Yes (but only one member) 21 On the lowest number student ID computer, type wlbs start yourclusterIP at the command prompt and press ENTER 22 Record the information provided Did the cluster start? Yes (but only one member) 23 On the lowest number student ID computer, type wlbs resume at the command prompt and press ENTER 24 Record the information provided 26 Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration 25 On the lowest number student ID computer, type wlbs start at the command prompt and press ENTER 26 Record the information provided To enter a new rule on a cluster host and view the convergence state On the lowest number student ID computer, enter a new rule in the Port Rules tab for this cluster member Use Port 8080, Both, with the affinity set to None Click OK to close the entire configuration dialog box to activate this rule On the highest number student ID computer, type wlbs query at the command prompt and press ENTER Record the information provided Explain why the cluster will no longer reach a converged state The cluster will not converge while the rule count and type are different on the cluster hosts On the highest number student ID computer, enter a new rule in the Port Rules tab for this cluster member Use the same setting that is used on your partner’s computer Close the entire configuration dialog box to activate this rule Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration 27 On the lowest number student ID computer, type wlbs query at the command prompt and press ENTER Record the information provided Does the cluster now reach a converged state? Yes 10 Close all of the windows 28 Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration Exercise Using WMI Object Browser All students will complete this procedure and will work with a partner You will collect information on Network Load Balancing To install the WMI SDK and use the WMI Object Browser to examine and update Network Load Balancing information on a local host Insert your student CD and use Windows Explorer to open the WMISDK folder on the CD Double-click the Wmisdk.exe program and follow the instructions to install the SDK Accept all default settings during the install process Start the WMI Object Browser by clicking Start – Programs – WMI SDK – WMI Object Browser The Object Browser tool will start and run in an instance of Internet Explorer Enter the namespace name (by default this is root) to connect to the local computer, or click on the Browse for Namespace icon to enter a computer name and namespace to connect to Click Connect to continue If you selected root, browse to the MicrosoftNLB namespace and click OK in the Browse for Namespace dialog box Examine the entries under MicrosoftNLB_Node.Name Select MicrosoftNLB_Node.Name and examine the Properties and Methods tabs in the right-hand frame Select CIM_ElementSetting.Setting, right-click on a data column in the right-hand frame and click Go To Object Modify the AliveMessageTolerance from the default value of to 10 Select MicrosoftNLB_Node.Name to refresh the window and click yes to update the value in the registry Return to CIM_ElementSetting.Setting 11 Use Wlbs display to check the configuration of the cluster member Did the value get updated for the cluster member? Yes, the value was updated 12 Select CIM_ElementSetting.Setting, right-click a data column in the righthand frame and click Go To Object 13 Modify the AliveMessageTolerance from the value set to 14 Select the Methods tab and right-click LoadAllSettings, click Execute Method (Network Load Balancing will be stopped and restarted with the values stored in the registry.) Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration 29 15 Use Wlbs display to check the configuration of the cluster member Was the value updated for the cluster member? No, the value was not updated What you surmise from the preceding answer? Changes made in the user interface must be committed to the registry before the values are loaded into the cluster member 16 Exit all of the windows 30 Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration If Time Permits To use Windows Script Host scripts to control the operation of a cluster member Insert your student CD and use Windows Explorer to open the Demo_Scripts folder on the CD Copy the scripts to a local folder on your computer and remove the ReadOnly attribute Examine and run the scripts Each script includes details of the actions taken by the script Check the actions of the scripts and verify that the correct information is returned, or the correct actions taken Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration 31 Review Topic Objective To reinforce module objectives by reviewing key points Lead-in The review questions cover some of the key concepts taught in the module Command Line Administration Programmatic Management Solutions Microsoft Application Center Server *****************************ILLEGAL FOR NON-TRAINER USE****************************** What tasks can you perform on a Network Load Balancing cluster by using Wlbs.exe commands? You can start, stop, drainstop, resume, suspend, display, and query a Network Load Balancing cluster by using the Wlbs.exe commands You have a Network Load Balancing cluster, named webcluster with eight host members It appears that the hard drive on host #2 has failed What Wlbs.exe command would you use to stop the host member for troubleshooting? The command is wlbs stop webcluster:2 What Wlbs.exe command would you use to stop a Network Load Balancing cluster member (host) without disrupting current connections to the member? The command is wlbs drainstop webcluster:2 32 Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration How can you utilize programmatic management solutions like the WMI Provider Network Load Balancing, WMI Object Browser and Windows Scripting Host to manage a Network Load Balancing cluster? You use WMI Provider to manage the cluster by exposing the configuration and status information of the Network Load Balancing driver via WMI WMI Object Browser allows you to read and write management data to the Network Load Balancing driver via WMI Windows Scripting Host allows you to create script applications that you can use to view and control status of managed objects ... in Module 10, ? ?Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration. ” Estimated time to complete this lab: 30 minutes 22 Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration Exercise Examining Cluster. .. languages 12 Module 10: Network Load Balancing Cluster Administration Network Load Balancing WMI Provider Topic Objective To describe how you can use the WMI provider to manage the Network Load Balancing. .. the Network Load Balancing cluster Manage the Network Load Balancing cluster with scripting tools Describe the feature sets of Microsoft® Application Center 2000 2 Module 10: Network Load Balancing