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Cisco Press
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Cisco CCNP Routing Exam
Certification Guide
Clare Gough
chpt_01.book Page iii Thursday, December 21, 2000 6:22 PM
iv
Cisco CCNP Routing Exam Certification Guide
Clare Gough
Copyright © 2001 Cisco Press
Cisco Press logo is a trademark of Cisco Systems, Inc.
Published by:
Cisco Press
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Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
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ISBN: 1-58720-001-5
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We greatly appreciate your assistance.
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About the Author
Clare Gough
is a Cisco Certified Internetworking Engineer(CCIE #2893) and was a Cisco Certified Systems
Instructor for the ICRC, ACRC, CIT, CLSC, and CID courses. She holds a master's degree in education and a mas-
ter's degree in information systems. Over the last 15 years, she has developed and taught a variety of networking and
internetworking courses throughout the world for Digital Equipment Co. and various Cisco training partners. She
moved from England in 1991 and now lives in San Francisco with her family.
About the Technical Reviewers
Jorge Aragon
(CCIE #5567) is a network engineer with Perot Systems Corporation (PSC) in Dallas, Texas. He
holds a bachelor of science degree in electrical engineering from the National Polytechnic Institute in Mexico, and
has a master of science degree in telecommunications from the University of Pittsburgh. He also holds an MCSE
certification and several of Cisco's specializations. Jorge is part of the PSC Global Infrastructure team, where he
designs, implements, and troubleshoots LAN and WAN networks for clients in multiple industries across the globe.
He enjoys spending time with his wife and children, reading, jogging, and practicing martial arts. Jorge can be
reached at jorge.aragon@ps.net.
Steve Gifkins
is a CCIE and CCSI of four and five years, respectively. He is based in the United Kingdom, where he
runs his own independent Cisco-only consulting and training business. He is married with no children, and his hob-
bies include anything to do with outdoor life. Having retired with a knee injury from playing active sports such as
squash, rugby, and soccer, he has taken up new hobbies in horse eventing and show jumping. In addition, he enjoys
skiing and hill scrambling.
Martin Walshaw
is a CCIE (#5629), CCNP, and CCDP. He is a systems engineer working for Cisco Systems in the
enterprise line of business in South Africa. His areas of specialty are multiservice (voice and video) as well as secu-
rity, which keeps him busy both night and day. During the last 12 years or so, Martin has dabbled in many aspects of
the IT industry, ranging from programming in RPG III and Cobol to PC sales. When Martin is not working, he likes
to spend all his available time with his wife, Val, and his son, Joshua. Without their patience, understanding, and sup-
port, projects such as this would not be possible.
Steve Wisniewski
is CCNP certified and has a master of science degree from Stevens Institute of Technology in
Telecom Management. Steve works for Lehmqan Brothers as a senior implementation specialist implementing
Cisco switches and routers. He has also previously edited several other Cisco books and recently authored a book
entitled
Network Administration
. Steve lives in East Brunswick, New Jersey, with his wife, Ellen.
chpt_01.book Page vi Thursday, December 21, 2000 6:22 PM
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Dedications
This book is dedicated to David and Jack, who make everything worthwhile.
chpt_01.book Page vii Thursday, December 21, 2000 6:22 PM
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Acknowledgments
All books are the product of a team, and I have been blessed with a dedicated and professional team, whose expertise
in their given areas have made this book. Over the course of writing this book and its predecessor, I have come to
think of members of this team as friends as well as colleagues. In particular, I would like to thank John Kane, the
editor in chief, and Drew Cupp, the development editor, who were always there with solutions and support. My
thanks go also to Amy Lewis for her understanding and flexibility. Of course, I thank all the members of the Cisco
Press team helping to bring this book together, including the project editor, Marc Fowler, and the copy editor, Krista
Hansing.
The technical editors, Steve Gifkins, Martin Walshaw, Jorge Aragon, and Steve Wisniewski, were extremely thor-
ough. Their careful attention to detail and constructive advice improved this book immeasurably. I would particu-
larly like to thank Jorge Aragon and Steve Wisniewski who went the extra mile by testing configurations and
producing output screens.
I would also like to thank Wendell Odom, who led me into the art of book writing and has ever generously shared his
expertise.
Of course, I am immensely grateful to my husband, David, for his support, in spite of the long hours demanded by
this book, and to our small son, Jack, for making me laugh and see the joy of life.
chpt_01.book Page viii Thursday, December 21, 2000 6:22 PM
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Contents at a Glance
Chapter 1
Cisco Certifications, the Routing Exam, and This Book's Features
Chapter 2
Managing Scalable Network Growth
Chapter 3
IP Addressing
Chapter 4
IP Routing Principles
Chapter 5
Using OSPF in a Single Area
Chapter 6
Using OSPF Across Multiple Areas
Chapter 7
Using EIGRP in Enterprise Networks
Chapter 8
Connecting to Other Autonomous Systems—The Basics of BGP-4
Chapter 9
Implementing and Tuning BGP for Use in Large Networks
Chapter 10
Controlling Routing Updates Across the Network
Chapter 11
Scenarios for Final Preparation
Appendix A
Answers to Quiz Questions
Appendix B
Sample Configurations
Appendix C
Glossary
chpt_01.book Page ix Thursday, December 21, 2000 6:22 PM
x
Contents
Chapter 1
Cisco Certifications, the Routing Exam, and This Book’s Features 3
Goals of This Book 4
This Book’s Intended Audience 5
Overview of Cisco Certifications 6
Exams Required for Certification 8
What’s on the Routing 2.0 Exam 9
Cisco Routing Exam Outline File Excerpts From CCO 9
Author’s Note About Exam Content 12
Topics in This Book 13
How to Use This Book to Pass the Exam 15
I’ve Taken BSCN—Now What? 17
I’ve Taken the Old ACRC Course—Now What? 17
I’ve Taken the Cisco Networking Academy Courses—Now What? 18
I’m New to Internetworking with Cisco, and I Will Not Be Taking the BSCN
Course—Now What? 19
I’ve Learned a Lot About CCNP Topics Through Experience, But I Will Not Be
Taking the BSCN Course—Now What? 20
The Features of This Book 21
Command Syntax Conventions 21
References and Suggested Reading 22
Strategies for The Exam Day 22
Conclusion 23
Chapter 2
Managing Scalable Network Growth 25
How to Best Use This Chapter 25
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 26
Foundation Topics 30
Introduction to Corporate Networks—Growth, Scalability, and Congestion 30
Key Requirements of a Network 31
Reliability 31
Responsiveness 31
Efficiency 32
chpt_01.book Page x Thursday, December 21, 2000 6:22 PM
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Adaptability/Serviceability 32
Accessibility/Security 32
Factors That Increase Network Traffic 33
Identifying the Problems Created by Network Congestion 33
Traffic Analysis and Network Design 33
Problems Created by Network Congestion 34
Excessive Traffic 34
Dropped Packets 35
Retransmission of Packets 35
Incomplete Routing Tables 35
Incomplete Server Lists 36
The Spanning-Tree Protocol Breaks 36
Runaway Congestion 37
Symptoms of Congestion 37
Applications Time Out 38
Clients Cannot Connect to Network Resources 38
Network Death Results 38
Creating a Network That Meets the Key Requirements 38
Cisco’s Hierarchical Design 39
Why Scaling Reduces Congestion 39
How Hierarchical Is Hierarchical? 39
The Functions of Each Layer 39
General Design Rules for Each Layer 40
IP Access Lists: Alleviating Congestion with Cisco Routers 41
Cisco Proprietary Solutions 42
Managing Network Congestion for IP 42
The Implementation of IP Access Lists 42
IP Access List Overview 43
Guidelines for Writing Access Lists 46
Uses of IP Access Lists 49
Security Using Access Lists 49
Controlling Terminal Access 49
Prioritization 52
Types of Prioritization 52
Reducing Network Traffic: Alternatives to Access Lists 53
Null Interface 53
CPU Considerations and Additional Methods for Controlling Network Traffic 55
Fast, Autonomous, and Silicon Switching 56
Cisco Express Forwarding 56
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Placement of Client/Server 57
Design Principles of a Client/Server Network 57
IP Helper Address 57
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol 58
Tunneling into IP 59
Conclusion 62
Foundation Summary 63
Chapter Glossary 66
Q&A 67
Scenarios 72
Scenario 2-1 72
Scenario 2-2 74
Scenario 2-3 74
Scenario Answers 75
Scenario 2-1 Answers 75
Scenario 2-2 Answers 76
Scenario 2-3 Answers 77
Chapter 3
IP Addressing 81
How to Best Use This Chapter 81
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 82
Foundation Topics 86
Introduction: What Is a Layer 3 Address and How Does It Affect My Life? 86
Case Study 86
The Need for Layer 3 Addressing 86
The Network and How It Is Addressed 87
An IP Address 89
Why IP? 89
Network and Host Addressing 90
The Internet Mask 90
The Subnet Mask 92
Prefix Routing/CIDR 96
A Definition of Prefix Routing/CIDR 96
Problems with IP Addressing and the Internet 97
chpt_01.book Page xii Thursday, December 21, 2000 6:22 PM
[...]... unveiled, and the Routing exam was one of those The Routing 2.0 exam replaced the old ACRC exam; this is why the exam is called Routing 2.0 sometimes, even though there was never a Routing 1.0 exam To certify for CCNP, you must pass multiple exams This book deals with the Routing 2.0 exam Sylvan Promteric exam #640-503 The qualifying exams, the CCNA and the CCDA, require only a single exam The exams generally... the Routing 2.0 exam more topics are covered on the exam than are in the course Table 1-1 outlines the exams and the courses with which they are most closely matched Table 1-1 Exams and Courses by Certification Level Certification Exam Number Name CCNA #640-507 CCNA exam Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices (ICND) CCDA #640-441 DCN (or CCDA) exam Designing Cisco Networks (DCN) CCNP #640-503 Routing exam. .. Switching exam Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks (BCMSN) #640-505 Remote Access exam Building Cisco Remote Access Networks (BCRAN) #640-509* Foundation exam BSCN, BCMSN, and BCRAN #640-506 Support exam Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) #640-503 Routing exam BSCN #640-504 Switching exam BCMSN #640-505 Remote Access exam BCRAN #640-509* Foundation exam BSCN, BCMSN, and BCRAN #640-025 CID exam. .. Matching Exam Requirements * Exam #640-509 meets the same requirements as passing these three exams: #640-503, #640-504, and #640-505 Therefore, you can substitute exam #640-509 for those three exams, but you can expect a longer exam that covers the material in the other three exams chpt_01.book Page 9 Thursday, December 21, 2000 6:22 PM What’s on the Routing 2.0 Exam 9 Be cautioned that, although the exam. .. exam is current and fair What’s on the Routing 2.0 Exam Every one of us would like to know exactly what is on the Routing 2.0 exam, as well as the other Cisco certification exams Well, to be honest, exactly what is on the exam is a very closely guarded secret Only those who write the questions for Cisco and who have access to the entire question database truly know what is entirely on the exam The Routing. .. Routing 2.0 exam content that is made known by Cisco to the public is general You can find a list of Cisco exams and the general outline that accompanies each exam at www.cisco.com/warp/public/10/wwtraining/certprog/testing /exam_ list.htm You will have to download the outline for each exam The following section contains excerpts from the Routing exam outline downloaded file Cisco Routing Exam Outline... Chapter 1: Cisco Certifications, the Routing Exam, and This Book’s Features The Routing 2.0 exam is not an easy exam This is to say that you cannot simply read one book and expect to pass it In fact, the exam is surprisingly difficult; this is so that Cisco can be sure that everyone who passes the test thoroughly understands the subject matter on a conceptual level and is not just good at exams More importantly,... passing an exam If you are looking for a new job, not only might passing an exam help you land the job, but it may actually help you make more money chpt_01.book Page 8 Thursday, December 21, 2000 6:22 PM 8 Chapter 1: Cisco Certifications, the Routing Exam, and This Book’s Features Exams Required for Certification In 2000, Cisco initiated a major revamping of the career certification exams Several new exams... of which CCNP and CCDP are a part Cisco developed Routing and Switching career tracks, WAN Switching career tracks, and several specialization career tracks Thus far, the Routing and Switching career tracks, which begin with CCNA/CCDA certification, have proven to be the most popular and make up the heart of Cisco certification The Routing exam required for CCNP/ CCDP certification is part of the Routing. .. (CCO) The Routing exam is a computer-based exam, with multiple-choice, fill-in-the-blank, and list-in-order style questions The exam can be taken at any Sylvan Prometric testing center (1-800-829-NETS, www.2test.com) The exam will take about 75 minutes and has approximately 60 questions You should check with Sylvan Prometric for the exact length of the exam (Be aware that when you register for the exam, .
Cisco CCNP Routing Exam
Certification Guide
Clare Gough
chpt_01.book Page iii Thursday, December 21, 2000 6:22 PM
iv
Cisco CCNP Routing Exam Certification. Certifications 6
Exams Required for Certification 8
What’s on the Routing 2.0 Exam 9
Cisco Routing Exam Outline File Excerpts From CCO 9
Author’s Note About Exam Content
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