Tài liệu KRONE - White paper - TrueNET - AirES_Mech_WP - 2002 doc

The AirES product range of cables are a true innovation in structured cabling. In most evolu- tionary processes the gain in one attribute often sacrifices another. With the AirES revolution all attributes, both physical and electrical, are improved to provide a “Win-Win” situation for both the installer and customer. This white paper will focus on the mechanical attributes and advantages of AirES. Herein, we will discuss the development of the technology and the byproduct effects on any and all mechanical parameters. The industry migration to UTP cables in the first place was a push to make the cabling plant more cost effective and less obtrusive. Since the days of Coax and Type 1 cables, the industry has moved to reduce the size and cost through the introduction of UTP cables. Over several years the electrical performance of UTP cables has increased dramatically. We’ve migrated from Cat 3 cabling supporting 10BaseT to Cat 5 supporting 100BaseTX and now our progression has taken us not only to Cat 5e for 1000BaseT, but to a cabling standard designed to meet the next technology wave in Cat 6. The IEEE develops these advances in trans- mission protocol and hands it off to the TIA to develop the latest and greatest UTP cable that can support the electrical requirements. At the same time our market has become more and more competitive. The price of materials has dropped dramatically, as well as the price of installation…or has it? Installers now find that they need to install cables more quickly than before to be com- petitive. While at the same time the cables have become more difficult to install! We here at KRONE have been listening to our installers and decided enough is enough. It’s time to deliver a product whose electrical performance is superior and at the same time is actually easier to install. Several attributes are taken into consideration when pulling cable into an installation. 1. The raceways that will be used. 2. The access to drop locations. 3. Timeline for installation. 4. Fire codes. 5. Product set for both the Telecommunications Closet and Workstation. 6. Testing of the product after the installation is complete. 7. Warranty. 8. Reliability of brand for installer reputation. The magic number 32: The number of cables pulled simultaneously makes for faster installation times. With AirES cable the pulling tension has been reduced by 32% on average. This means 32% more cables can be pulled at the same time, reducing installation time. TrueNet ™ AirES ™ Technology Mechanical Attributes KRONE ™ HAS DEVELOPED YET ANOTHER LEADING TTEECCHHNNOOLLOOGGYY The number of cables that can fit into the space supplied has also dramatically increased. Fill rates have gone up with AirES by an average of 32% for C6T and 28% C5eT. The example below is from the NEC fill rate chart. We compared 5 of our leading competitors equal Category cables against our own. They ranged from a fill rate of 47 to 60 cables at a 40% fill rate in 3” conduit. In both the Cat 5e and Cat 6 examples the fill rate of the AirES cables were much greater than that of all competitors. Typically the AirES cable has a 28-32% advantage for C5eT and C6T. On the left is a bundle of 24 AirES Cat 6 0.20” cables. On the right a bundle of 24 “Industry Standard” Cat 6 0.25” OD cables. The above example is dramatic in showing the size difference between the new and old style cables. This is achieved through reducing the size of our pri- mary conductor. The effect over a total of 8 conduc- tors in a 4 pair UTP cable is dramatic. What this means to the customer is more cables in the same space or less space needed for the same number of cables! A reduction in cable tray, conduit, raceway, etc. For the installer this means less frus- tration due to limited access space. 137 93 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 C5ET AIRES COMPETITOR AVERAGE CAT 5E CABLE FILL 3" CONDUIT @ 40% TO NEC SPECIFICATIONS CA CABLE FILL 3” CONDUIT @40% 85 57 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 C6T AIRES COMPETITOR AVERAGE CAT 6 CABLE FILL 3" CONDUIT @ 40% to NEC SPECIFICATIONS CABLE FILL 3" CONDUIT @ 40% AirES CONDUCTOR INDUSTRY STANDARD CONDUCTOR AirES 4 pr. UTP Cable INDUSTRY STANDARD 4 pr. UTP Cable From a safety prospective the AirES cable is better than industry standard designs. We currently use FEP insulation in the Plenum space to reduce the risk of fire speed and intensity. With AirES the amount of fuel is reduced by 32% through the intro- duction of AIR. The number of cables that can be pulled in at the same time increases greatly for the installer. When a cable is larger in diameter it is also heavier in weight. The effect is an increased amount of force in pulling tension to remove it from the box and an increase in cross sectional area for friction during the pull. The smaller bundle size also decreases the surface area of the same number of cables vs. the industry standard design, which allows for more cables to be pulled at the same time. Lets take a 1000 drop Cat 6 installation for example. If the installer was to pull 6 cables simultaneously for the entire installation there would be a total of 167 bundles for the site. With the AIRES Cat 6 design 32% more cables can be pulled in due to the reduced pulling tension. Now we are pulling 8 cables in simultaneously. The job is now finished with only 125 bundles pulled. The amount of force needed to terminate has also been greatly reduced due to the smaller conductor size and the introduction of Air. On Cat 6 the reduc- tion in force is even greater through the use of a smaller conductor size and less insulation. This is achieved through the increased electrical perform- ance of the cable, which you can learn more about in our "Electrical Characteristics of AirES" white paper. In the example below an 11% reduction in force is realized. This reduces the amount of fatigue experi- enced by the installer during the termination phase of the installation. 1.5 2.3 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 C6T AIRES COMPETITOR AVERAGE AMOUNT OF FORCE NEEDED TO PULL ONE CAT 6 UTP CABLE PULLING TENSION IN lb (reel in a box) 125 167 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 C6T AIRES COMPETITOR AVERAGE EFFECT OF CABLE PULLING TENSION REDUCTION OF AIRES ON 1000 DROPS BUNDLES NEEDED FOR 1000 DRO 77 87 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 C6T AIRES COMPETITOR AVERAGE COMPARISON OF AIRES VS. COMETITOR AVERAGE FORCE FOR INSERTION INTO A KRONE BLOCK 45¡ IDC INSERTION FORCE IN N (USING A KRONE TOO Through the use of a smaller conductor, fewer twists, the reduced insulation size and the use of a tape filler rather than a star for Cat 6, the time to terminate is reduced as well. In the example below there was an 18% time savings using AirES cable. Through the reduction in cable size the overall weight of a box of AirES cable is greatly reduced. This now allows KRONE to put 2000’ of cable on a standard 1000’ put up reel and stay below the 50lb limit for lifting, set by OSHA. After each reel of cable is complete there is a length of scrap left over. Through the introduction of 2000’ put ups this is reduced in half. The ability of a cable to withstand the rigors of installation must also be taken into account during design. Too often for the sake of transmission per- formance the cable becomes more fragile and sus- ceptible to damage. Through the reduction in twist lay variation in AirES the cable becomes less prone to performance loss due to pulling tension, as the effect of the different twist lays is not as critical. What this means to the installer is fewer field issues to investigate during the testing phase. Structural integrity with regards to crush resistance has not been compromised with the use of the AirES design. The first question on everyone’s lips after understanding how the AirES cable is designed seems to involve its ability to resist crush. With other designs that involve the foaming of insulation materi- als to introduce air, crush has been a large problem. Type 1 cables of old were able to withstand crush due to each pair being individually shielded, but for UTP applications the concerns are founded. AirES through its arched air pocket construction uses several solid insulation beams distributed evenly around the conductor, coupled with the arch shape of the pocket. The result is a total cable exceeding the UL444 requirements for crush resistance by >4X the requirement. Once again eclipsing our nearest competitor. UL444 Scope: This standard applies to 60-250ku8C single- or mul- tiple-conductor jacketed or unjacketed, integral or nonintegral cables and single or multiple coaxial cables for telephone and other communication cir- cuits such as voice, data, and audio for on-premise customer systems. These cables are not prohibited from containing one or more optical fiber members. For the purpose of this standard, a coaxial cable or coaxial member conductor is single conductor with a shield. For the purpose of this standard, a single- or multiple-conductor unjacketed cable is a cross- connect wire. This standard applies to communications cable intended primarily for installation in accordance with Section 60 of the Canadian Electrical Code (CEC), Part 1, and Article 800 of the National Electrical Code (NEC). They are rated for 300 V applications but are not so marked. This standard does not apply to communication cords. For more information regarding AirES and all other KRONE products please contact the following: Customer Support 1-800-775-KRONE (5766) Sales Engineer near you http://www.kroneamericas.com/Contact/sales.cfm Author Bio Tim Takala is the Director of Support Technologies for KRONE Inc. Prior to joining the US team in 2000, he was the Laboratory and Technical Manager for Asia/Pac, KRONE Australia. Mr. Takala was instrumental in the development and implementation of the technical methodologies behind KRONE’s TrueNet ™ System and its warranty program, Mr. Takala holds an Industrial Engineering degree from the Sydney Institute of Technology. 90 110 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 C6T AIRES COMPETITOR AVERAGE TERMINATION TIME IN SECONDS FOR A CAT 6 CABLE AVERAGE TIME IN TO TERMINATE ON ULTIM8 BLOCK . regarding AirES and all other KRONE products please contact the following: Customer Support 1-8 0 0-7 75 -KRONE (5766) Sales Engineer near you http://www.kroneamericas.com/Contact/sales.cfm Author. pulled at the same time, reducing installation time. TrueNet ™ AirES ™ Technology Mechanical Attributes KRONE ™ HAS DEVELOPED YET ANOTHER LEADING TTEECCHHNNOOLLOOGGYY The