Tear downs
TEARDOWNS TEARDOWNS About the Author Bryan Bergeron (Brookline, Mass.) is editor of Nuts & Volts Magazine and Servo Magazine and the author of several hundred articles, two dozen books, and several patents. He teaches in the HST Division of Harvard Medical School and MIT. His company, Archetype Technologies, Inc., develops intelligent systems for the military. New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbonork Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New DelhiLondon Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney TorontoSan Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto TEARDOWNS Learn How Electronics Work By Taking Them Apart Bryan Bergeron Copyright © 2010 by Bryan Bergeron. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 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This page intentionally left blank vii Contents at a Glance PART I Around the Home 1 Dual-sensor Smoke Alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 Motion-activated LED Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3 Digital Bathroom Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 4 Surge Protective Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 5 Electronic Pedometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 6 Compact Fluorescent Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 7 Ultrasonic Humidifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 8 Digital Hygro Thermometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 9 Stereo Power Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 PART II For Tinkerers 10 Analog Volt-Ohm-Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 11 Laser-guided Sonic Distance Measurer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 PART III For Musicians 12 Electric Guitar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 13 Effects Pedal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 14 Vacuum Tube Guitar Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 PART IV Appendixes A Component Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 B Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 This page intentionally left blank ix Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii PART I Around the Home Chapter 1 Dual-sensor Smoke Alarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Teardown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Tools and Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Step by Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Ionization-based Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Ionization Sensor IC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Photoelectric Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Photoelectric Sensor IC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Piezoelectric Transducer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 C8050 Transistor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Diodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Capacitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 How It Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Mods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 External Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 New Application Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Chapter 2 Motion-activated LED Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 [...]... principles of electronics As such, you can follow the projects discussed in this book as the basis for your own teardowns, even if you are on a restricted budget Moreover, Teardowns is designed as a stand-alone reference, so that you can follow and learn from the photographs and descriptions of teardowns without having access to a shop, tools, or specific devices As each device is disassembled, the interaction... Organization Teardowns is organized in three main parts, based on the types of electronic devices discussed, and two appendices As you’ll see, I don’t treat components equally from one teardown to the next, but instead focus on what makes a particular device unique For example, resistors and Ohm’s law are merely mentioned in the teardown of an ultrasonic measuring device, but they take center stage in the teardown... The teardowns in this section, for your inner rock star, include an electric guitar, a tube-type guitar amplifier, and an effects pedal The components and topics covered in these three chapters are outlined next Chapter 12: Electric Guitar This chapter describes the teardown of a Fender American Deluxe Telecaster, including a detailed teardown of a magnetic pickup Topics and components in this teardown... specific topics introduced in the teardowns Appendix A provides common component markings used on leaded and SMT capacitors, resistors, and inductors Appendix B lists online and print resources for more information on components, design principles, and the topics discussed in each teardown If You Try This at Home Sooner or later, you’ll want to replicate at least one of the teardowns described in this book,... with unguided teardowns is that, without knowledgeable guidance, it’s easy for a novice to miss subtle design considerations, such as the mechanical stability of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, component placement that facilitates convection cooling, or the usefulness of knowing the pinouts of a standard transistor package By providing virtual handholding to virtual teardowns, this book... reading along with the teardowns, I assume that you • have read at least one introductory book on electronics • can recognize basic active and passive components • have some experience building basic circuits, either from a kit or a web/ magazine article • have a natural and insatiable inquisitiveness In addition, if you plan to use this book as a field guide of sorts to real teardowns, I assume that,... electronics devices The teardowns should give you mental anchor points for an otherwise abstract theory of electronics Introduction xxv • better understand the connection between a physical device and its corresponding schematic I’ll offer a schematic for each device disassembled • be able to tear down and understand electronic devices not covered in the book I’d like you to be able to tear down any device... directly to the reader with a point-by-point commentary about each teardown, complete with clear explanations of the operation and function of every component By the time the product is completely disassembled, the reader understands the design tricks, component selection, and packaging choices that enabled the product to reach the market The teardowns are divided into three sections Electronic products commonly... package This chapter describes the teardown of a popular digital bathroom scale The following key topics and components are discussed: • • • • • EEPROMs Gauge Factor (GF) LCD Microcontrollers Piezoelectric transducers • • • • • SMT components Strain gauges Transistors Wheatstone bridge Zebra connectors Chapter 4: Surge Protective Devices This chapter features two teardowns of a common surge suppressor... of teardowns on a clean white tabletop However, when working off-camera, I use an indestructible, butcher-block workbench with a hefty vise and power tools that I can use to crack open just about anything For detailed circuit tracing and analysis, I have an illuminated, ventilated Formica work surface with most of my tools within easy reach (see Figure 1) You don’t need a special work surface for a teardown . TEARDOWNS TEARDOWNS About the Author Bryan Bergeron (Brookline, Mass.) is editor of. Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney TorontoSan Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto TEARDOWNS Learn How Electronics Work By Taking Them Apart Bryan Bergeron Copyright