Covid19 đến kinh tế dịch vụ ở Việt Nam

Covid 19 is possibly a disease caused by a coronavirus and originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 It spread worldwide, resulting in an ongoing pandemic The outbreak of the corona pandemic has shocked the world It has been bringing about extremely serious consequences for both individuals and society We have all been overwhelmed by the current COVID-19 pandemic In Vietnam, the first case of infection was detected on January 23, 2020, with the active direction of the Party and Government, with measures of isolation, tracing, tracing, and limiting people Out of the epidemic area, we have achieved important results in the fight against the epidemic prevention and control After two outbreaks, by October 22, 2020, the whole country had 1,145 people infected with Covid-19, of which 35 died Despite being one of the few countries that managed the Covid-19 epidemic, Vietnam's economy was also seriously affected and affected The COVID-19 pandemic is changing the world, directly negatively impacting the economy and international trade It also causes serious harm to the service industries on the planet and also in Vietnam The outbreak in late December 2019, which originated in a seafood market in Hunan, Wuhan, central China, was initially identified as a form of “strange pneumonia” or “pneumonia of unknown cause” Only 100 days after its appearance, the acute infection caused by the Coronavirus has rapidly affected the economy, society, financial markets, and the entire world economy The name Coronavirus comes from Latin, where “corona” means “crown” or “halo” Viruses have spikes on the surface that interact with receptors on the cell, such as keys and locks, thereby allowing the virus to get inside New Corona Virus (Covid-19, SARS CoV-2) may be a completely new Coronavirus that causes acute infection with respiratory symptoms This virus could be a different form of Coronavirus than the one that causes SARS or MERS It is also different from the coronavirus that causes seasonal infections in the United States In February 2020, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) officially named the new coronavirus Sars-CoV-2 This is usually a special name from the Covid 19 name previously assigned by WHO Scientists have conducted research and isolated a completely new strain of coronavirus, temporarily called 2019-NCov of the Global Health Organization (WHO) with the same gene sequence as the previous Sars-CoV, with a high degree of accuracy high precision similarity up to 79.5% The virus that causes COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through droplets released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or exhales These water droplets are too heavy to be suspended in the air and quickly fall to the ground or surface You can become infected by inhaling the virus if you are near someone who has COVID-19 or touch surfaces with the virus on and touch your eyes, nose, or mouth This is a completely new virus, so humans have not had immunity, including cross-immunity before Coronaviruses are an oversized family of viruses that usually infect animals, but occasionally they will grow and infect humans When a virus enters the body, it invades certain cells and takes over the cellular machinery (causing specific inflammatory damage in the respiratory tract), and so the virus redirects that machinery to serve itself, creating new viruses and infecting others The 2019-nCoV strain of coronavirus is very dangerous for people with weakened immune systems, the elderly, children, people with weakened immune systems, or people with underlying chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, lung disease Chronic kidney disease Immunodeficiency, obesity, diabetes, etc These subjects are highly infectious and difficult to treat thanks to the rapidly progressing, life-threatening disease In particular, Coronavirus is extremely dangerous for pregnant women When pregnant women get the disease, it will leave especially serious consequences Symptoms of patients with mild to severe Covid-19 include fever, cough, and shortness of breath These symptoms may appear to 14 days after exposure At the onset, Covid-19 causes fever and can damage the gastrointestinal tract In severe cases, it causes pneumonia and possibly other organs in the body, causing death, especially in those with underlying disease The current epidemic situation is spreading in the country and around the world with the total number of infections, the number of patients who recovered after treatment, and therefore the number of patients who died from covid 19 Number of infections Number of recoveries Number of deaths Viet Nam 1.761 2.687 39 In the world 17.513092 144.697.582 3.433.707 Total 4.809 165.617.501 According to Worldometers.info data, as of a.m on May 20 (Vietnam time), the world recorded more than 165.6 million Covid-19 infections, of which more than 144.69 million cases have recovered more than 3.4 million deaths At the same time, Vietnam also recorded more than 4,800 people infected with covid, and more than 2,600 patients were cured and 39 died Considering the economic situation of Vietnam before the outbreak of the pandemic, we can see that in the past 35 years from 1986 to 2020, Vietnam's economy has received many positive achievements Economic growth data is always positive, the country has had many years of high growth rates of around 8%; the rate of poor households decreased sharply from 58% in 1993 to 11.3% in 2009 and less than 4% in 2019 The income of each person has been significantly improved, people's living standards have been improved In which the country had a prosperous 2019 with industry events GDP reached impressive numbers In general, the country's trade and repair activities in 2019 continued to develop stably and grow quite well The supply of products on the market is abundant, fully and promptly meeting production and consumption needs An impressive number reported by statistics shows that Vietnam's merchandise export turnover in 2019 was estimated at US$263.45 billion, up 8.1% compared to 2018, of which the domestic economic sector achieved US$26.45 billion 82.10 billion USD, up 17.7%, accounting for 31.2% of total export turnover, foreign-invested sector (including crude oil) reached 181.35 billion USD, up 4.2 %, accounting for 68.8% (the proportion decreased by 2.5 percentage points compared to the previous year) In 2019, there were 32 items with export turnover of over billion USD, accounting for 92.9% of total export turnover (there are items with export turnover of over 10 billion USD, accounting for 63.4%) As for the statistical report, import turnover in 2019 was estimated at 253.51 billion USD, up 7% compared to 2018, of which the domestic economic sector reached 108.01 billion USD, up 13.8 %; The FDI sector reached 145.50 billion USD, up 2.5% In 2019, there were 37 imported items with a turnover of over billion USD, accounting for 90.6% of the country's import turnover (4 items reaching over 10 billion USD, accounting for 45.8%) Thereby showing that the economy of the country before the pandemic appeared, has achieved significant development and there are many opportunities in the future for many service industries The General Statistics Office declares Vietnam's GDP data from 2010 to 2019 The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has comprehensively and deeply affected all countries in the world and is evolving in a very complicated and unpredictable way, pushing the world and many countries into a double health crisis healthy and safe In terms of economy, most countries fell into a serious recession, the global economy and trade declined sharply, including Vietnam A report released by the General Statistics Office (GSO) on January said that as of 2020, a total of 32.1 million people aged 15 and over across the country have been negatively affected by the epidemic COVID-19 Including job loss, layoff and job rotation, reduced working hours, and reduced income The hardware sector affected is the service industry, with more than 70% of employees affected, followed by is the industrial and construction sector, where the pandemic has affected about two-thirds of the workforce The income of employees usually increases in the last quarter of the year, but in 2020 will decrease compared to 2019 The average monthly income of employees in the fourth quarter of 2020 is 5,502 thousand VND, lower income The average income for the whole year is 5,497,000 VND, down 2.3% compared to 2019 The General Statistics Office declares Vietnam's GDP data from 2010 to 2019 The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the weaknesses of global institutions and systems such as the world health system, World Health Organization (WHO) is said to be too slow to respond to the outbreak However, the COVID-19 pandemic has also brought us new and clearer insights into growth opportunities The medical equipment manufacturing industry will be a valuable and profitable industry during the pandemic if it is properly invested Vietnam has produced highly reliable and accurate COVID19 test kits, ventilators of international standards, 3-layer masks, 4-layer safety standards, etc In addition to meeting the needs of domestic demand, businesses can turn to export In fact, there have been a number of countries that have a need to order masks, gloves, and protective gear Made in Vietnam in large quantities, including Japan Aside from healthcare services, perhaps most notably the e-commerce industry The ecommerce market is increasingly open and has many models, participants, and supply chains It is gradually changing towards more modern with the support from digitization and information technology Especially, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the e-commerce market is increasingly active and the application of digital technology and building new distribution channels is becoming an effective solution for businesses Vietnam overcomes difficulties and brings new opportunities from market demand based on changing consumer buying habits, shifting from traditional buying habits to buying goods through e-commerce sites dead Therefore, despite the difficulties caused by the epidemic, e-commerce in 2020 will still grow explosively when goods are traded again Vietnam Online Shopping Day 2020 recorded more than 113 million views and consumer interactions on Online Friday's online platforms, the market recorded 3.7 million orders transacted in 60 hours up 267% over the same period There is growing interest in online shopping among Vietnam's tech-savvy youth, with mobile usage at 70%, providing better Internet access and increased reach up Trends of online retail and social commerce of young customers in both big cities and rural areas of Vietnam Therefore, covid 19 can also be seen as a launching pad to help Vietnam's service industry transform itself into digital technology A real-life example showing the vibrant development of the e-commerce industry is a super-fast online shopping channel that helps consumers easily find products without having to gather in crowds Typically, Shopee, Lazada, tiki, etc are channels with a very high number of visitors during the epidemic season Besides online shopping channels developed during the epidemic season, entertainment applications also developed in the socialization period such as Facebook, Zalo, Instagram, Twitter, etc., which are the most developed social networking sites During the epidemic season, I want to find a place to entertain YouTube channels TikTok or Netflix are also entertainment options during the epidemic period with a record number of visitors Besides, apps like Grad, Gojeck or Be also have home delivery instructions, which are well received by many people The outbreak of Covid-19 made the whole world and Vietnam have many new perspectives, but the consequences it brought to the whole world were too heavy and painful Vietnam's economic sector, specifically the service industry, has faced too many difficulties caused by the pandemic Entering 2020, Vietnam's tourism industry has had a spectacular growth momentum and laid the foundation for consecutive years In January 2020, Vietnam welcomed two million international visitors for the first time in a month However, from February 2020, the Covid-19 epidemic broke out in the world, it immediately seriously affected the tourism industry Vietnam's tourism industry faces unprecedented difficulties Since March 2020, Vietnam has stopped welcoming international visitors, leaving only domestic tourism activities But the domestic tourism market has also been affected by social distancing measures during the outbreak Domestically, although the Covid-19 epidemic was quickly controlled and Vietnam became a bright spot in terms of epidemic prevention and control worldwide, the tourism industry could not avoid heavy damage According to the General Statistics Office, the service and tourism industry is the industry that most clearly reflects the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic Sectors such as tourism and transportation (especially air transport) fell sharply, mainly due to travel restrictions and social distancing In the first months of 2020, the number of international visitors decreased by -55.8% compared to the same period last year (the first quarter decreased by -18%); Domestic visitors also decreased -27.3% (down 6% in the first quarter) Industry-wide revenue fell -77.8%, much higher than the -11% drop in the first quarter 2020 Looking back at the impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on Vietnam's tourism, it can be seen that when the epidemic occurs Travel bans and restrictions have been put in place for all tourist attractions Operations in the hotel, motel, restaurant, and transportation sectors have mostly been postponed due to the nationwide shutdown order In addition, the aviation industry was also severely affected when a series of domestic and international flights to and from Vietnam were canceled International visitors only come in January and February; almost no visitors since March Domestic visitors also dropped sharply due to the complicated developments of the epidemic and Vietnam's social distancing Tourism businesses face difficulties, causing many tourism employees to lose their jobs or even have no income The unimaginable level of devastation caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has forced Vietnam's tourism industry to re-evaluate and rethink the way tourism is done in the context of complicated developments Vietnam's tourism is shifting to focus on exploiting the domestic tourist market in the “new normal” state, with the prerequisite requirements being to ensure the safety of tourism products, to prevent and control epidemics, to ensure the safety of tourism products whole for visitors But the tourism industry must also calculate further to welcome international visitors, with new and suitable products as soon as they are eligible to reopen to international visitors In the context of difficulties in the fight against the Covid-19 epidemic, the issue of tourism cooperation and linkage has been focused by localities, sharing more substantively, becoming an important solution to increase the number of domestic tourists Strengthen regional, local, industry, and enterprise linkages; focusing on improving the quality and quality of tourism products, ensuring the safety of tourists are the key solutions Equally important are product restructuring and the creation of novel tourism products, unique The experience of the last two rounds of domestic tourism stimulus is to focus on promoting destinations, especially new ones, connecting destinations to create new, unique and attractive products For tourists, the most important thing is that there are many new, unique and attractive products because now there are only domestic tours, they have more choices and are more and more demanding When launching new products, tourism businesses simultaneously commit to postpone, cancel, change tours, services flexibly so that visitors can rest assured because their interests are always guaranteed in all situations This is also an innovative step of Vietnamese tourism businesses in the “new normal” state In addition to tourism, exports also suffered the same fate when there was a sharp drop in exports In particular, the export turnover of domestic enterprises still maintained a double-digit growth rate, up 10.4% over the same period in 2019, estimated at 33.3 billion USD This is considered a bright spot of commodity export activities from the beginning of 2020 until now, especially in the context that the export turnover of FDI enterprises (including crude oil) decreased by 6.9% over the same period last year 2019 due to the negative impact of the epidemic However, in the first months of the year, the turnover of all three important industry groups decreased, of which the group of processed industrial goods had the lowest decrease of 1.2% compared to the same period in 2019, followed by the group of agricultural and aquatic products with a decrease of 4.7% and mineral fuels with the highest decrease of 31.3% Thus, it is no longer just a deceleration, affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, orders cut by many partners, and Vietnam's exports face more and more difficulties in the second quarter of 2020 In the opposite direction, the report on goods import turnover in the first months of 2020 was estimated at 97.48 billion USD, down 3.8% over the same period (up 10.5%) in the same period Thus, following April, Vietnam's commercial activities in May can be seen that although there is much prosperity, it continues to face many difficulties due to the negative impact of the COVID-19 epidemic The export markets of Vietnam that have maintained their growth momentum in months are still major markets such as the US and China, while other major markets such as the EU, ASEAN, and South Korea have all decreased Through the reported data, we have a look at the terrible effects of the pandemic on how seriously the pandemic affects the import-export service industry of the country Besides import and export, the country's aviation industry also suffered a lot According to the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the Covid-19 pandemic caused the airline industry's revenue to drop by 80% in the first half of the year In 2020, while still having to cover costs related to crew, maintenance, fuel, airport fees, and aircraft maintenance According to IATA's forecast, airlines in Vietnam will lose about billion USD in revenue, Vietnam Airlines will reduce 50,000 billion VND in revenue, expect a loss of 29 trillion VND, a deficit of 16 trillion VND, falling in insolvency without government support Among the industries affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, the aviation industry is affected in two distinct ways From a direct perspective, the most obvious is the fear of contagion No business exposes workers to such close contact with strangers for so many hours and is capable of transporting infected people from one continent to another like the airline industry Less presently is an economic downturn Usually, the health of the airline industry is closely tied to the GDP of the economy When the economy is strong, people have more money, they fly more But when the economy slows down, no one moves and airlines suffer from a prolonged shortage of passengers Facing the risks of Covid-19, Vietnamese airlines are always very cautious in transportation activities Currently, international flights by airlines mainly carry only professionals, repatriated passengers, and cargo Instead, the domestic market is focused on maximizing exploitation However, due to the impact of the epidemic, reduced exploitation efficiency, and excess resources, the passenger transport sector of airlines tends to lose money, and average revenue declines Although people's travel demand recovered quickly after the epidemic was controlled, the fact that the international flight network was frozen, while the domestic flight network operated moderately to monitor the evolution of the epidemic, made the market useless same difficulty Vietnam's aviation market is in a state of oversupply Excess resources lead to stiff competition among firms in the form of discounts to attract customers and gain market share The average ticket price of airlines in April 2021 is only 55% of the same period in 2019 If this situation continues, it will cause Vietnamese airlines to fall into heavy losses in the year transportation activities, financial health declined, competitiveness gradually decreased, especially competition with foreign airlines At the same time, threatening the sustainable development of the industry, creating an imbalance between aviation and other transport sectors This can be said to be the terrible damage that the transportation service industry has to endure before the wave of the pandemic outbreak Facing the increasing difficulties of the service industry in Vietnam We need to find effective solutions to deal with the covid pandemic For the tourism industry, many solutions have been found to repair the damage caused by the pandemic The difficult epidemic situation caused each travel agency to struggle to find a way out But on the basis of respecting and developing sustainable tourism, thereby launching into the market diverse new products, suitable for the different and increasingly demanding needs of tourists, many units have step by step overcome difficulties, rise strong The goal of revitalizing the tourism industry requires not only attractive destinations, improved service quality, but also easier access for tourists information and online booking tools In order to continue to attract tourists, it is also necessary to have more flexible policies on cancellation, change of booking schedule, means of transportation, etc Because the choice of tourists will also be greatly affected by the source guests supply and quality of transport services; although COVID-19 has also seriously affected transportation activities in Vietnam Solutions for Vietnam's import-export industry are also highly appreciated In order to support export activities, over the past time, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the Ministry of Industry and Trade, and localities have implemented activities to connect online trade between Vietnamese businesses and partners The purpose of expanding the consumption market for farmers in particular and commodities in general In particular, the work of opening up commodity export markets has been strongly implemented China is the first market targeted with the opening event of the Vietnam - China Online Commodity Trade Conference, attracting the participation of more than 150 businesses from both sides In the face of difficulties caused by the impact of the Covid-19 epidemic, airlines have also taken the initiative in responding measures In 10 which, Vietnam Airlines has been implementing many solutions such as: Reorganizing production in line with market size, saving and cutting costs; restructuring, rearranging labor, actively seeking and taking advantage of every opportunity to increase revenue such as promoting freight transport, chartering ships, repatriating experts Besides the response solutions of the service industry, the Government of Vietnam also offers solutions to cope with the covid pandemic across the country It can be said with certainty that Vietnam, a country with a population of more than 96 million, has made some progress in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic In particular, these epidemic prevention measures play a special role in avoiding a large number of deaths One of the main challenges of the pandemic is the high population density in Vietnam, the risk of widespread infection However, early detection measures, strict isolation, social distancing rules and effective treatment have helped to avoid any adverse consequences Vietnam still has to be in a state of extreme vigilance, closely monitoring when countries are facing great difficulties, there is still the risk of incidents in the community In the coming time, international experts recommend strengthening long-term disease control efforts such as modeling the spread of disease, assessing the health system to find weaknesses and limitations, thereby invest in a timely manner, ensuring that they are always proactive in disease prevention and control from engaging in increased monitoring of risk groups In addition, it is necessary to regularly review restrictive measures, evaluate and update new information as a basis for making appropriate recommendations on tourism and trade One measure that can be considered the most effective is vaccination against covid which has also been decided by the government The Government Office has just announced the conclusion of Deputy Prime Minister Vu Duc Dam on the organization, research and production of vaccines against acute respiratory infections caused by new Coronavirus (SARS CoV2) In order to actively prevent and control the epidemic caused by SARS CoV2, Deputy Prime Minister Vu Duc Dam directed the Ministry of Science and Technology to preside over and coordinate with the Ministry of Health and the Vietnam Academy of Science and 11 Technology Relevant ministries and branches shall urgently organize, research and produce vaccines against SARS CoV2 While citizens of our country, we also have a responsibility to fight the covid-19 pandemic to protect ourselves and our communities Regularly wash your hands properly with soap under clean running water, or with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer (at least 60% alcohol) Wear a mask in public places, on public transport, and to medical facilities Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing with a tissue, cloth, or elbow Increase movement, exercise, and proper nutrition to build a healthy lifestyle House cleaning, house cleaning frequently touched surfaces When you have a fever, cough, sneeze, or difficulty breathing, you should isolate yourself at home, wear a mask and call the nearest medical facility for advice, examination, and treatment Self-isolation, health monitoring, full medical declaration if returning from epidemic areas Register your medical records online and get regular updates on your health status Install the Bluezone app to be warned about the risk of COVID-19 infection To summarize from the above suggestions, it can be said that the measures have been quite successful in combating the spread of COVID-19 and maintaining economic growth The whole country has made great efforts to respond and overcome all difficulties before the wave of influenza 19 pandemics Right from the first outbreak in Vietnam, the Prime Minister promptly issued conclusions and resolutions directive with the motto “fighting the pandemic like fighting the enemy”; determined to realize “dual goals”: both drastically preventing and effectively combating the epidemic, while focusing on restoring economic and social development In particular, disease control is always a top and important priority, in order to protect everyone's health and stabilize society The outbreak and spread of the Covid-19 pandemic have no end and are exacerbating the global recession and economic crisis Vietnam's economy, including the service industry, is gradually recovering and developing under the direction of the Government Businesses make the most of the domestic market and implement safety measures in disease prevention There have been many scenarios 12 proposed about the worst possible situation for the service industry to provide timely solutions to overcome the difficulties caused by the pandemic REFERENCES CENTRAL THEORY COUNCIL (2020, 17) ELECTRONIC INFORMATION PAGE CENTRAL THEORY COUNCIL Retrieved from Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Vietnam's economy: http://hdll.vn/vi/tin-tuc/tac-dong-cua-dai-dichcovid-19-toi-nen-kinh-te-viet-nam.html GSO (2021, 14) VIET NAM ECONOMY IN 2020 THE GROWTH OF A YEAR WITH FULL OF BRAVERY Retrieved from GENERAL STATISTICS OFFICE: https://www.gso.gov.vn/en/data-and-statistics/2021/01/viet-nam-economy-in-2020the-growth-of-a-year-with-full-of-bravery/# MINISTRY OF HEALTH (2021, 20) MINISTRY OF HEALTH Retrieved from INTERESTING OUTSTANDING EVIDENCE OF COVID-19 DISEASE: https://ncov.moh.gov.vn/ Ministry of Planning and Investment (2020, 22) Ministry of Planning and Investment Retrieved from On the assessment of the implementation of the 2020 socio-economic development plan and the proposed economic development plan socio-economic in 2021 SOCIETY OF ASTHMA AND ALLERGY & CLINICAL IMMONOLOGY HCMC (2020, 6) SOCIETY OF ASTHMA AND ALLERGY & CLINICAL IMMONOLOGY HCMC Retrieved from What is the new coronavirus 2019-nCov (Covid-19, SARS CoV-2)?: https://www.hoihendumdlstphcm.org.vn/index.php/kien-thuc-y-khoa/371- virus-corona-moi-2019-ncov-covid-19-sars-cov-2-la-gi VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOSIAL SCIENCES (2020, 12 8) VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOSIAL SCIENCES Retrieved from Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on economic growth and sustainable development in Vietnam: https://vass.gov.vn/nghien-cuu-khoa-hoc-xa-hoi-va-nhan-van/Tac-dong-cua-dai-dichCovid-19-den-tang-truong-kinh-te-va-phat-trien-ben-vung-o-Viet-Nam-104 13 14