Tài liệu TestKiller 640-506 Ed1 pdf

CISCO STUDY GUIDE Cisco Support Exam 640-506 Edition 1 www.testkiller.com Congratulations!! You have purchased a TestKiller, Ltd. Study Guide. This study guide is a selection of keypoints you will need to know to pass the official CCNP Support 640-506 exam. Study and memorize the following concepts, keypoints and problems for approximately 15 to 20 hours and you will be prepared to take the exams. We guarantee it! Remember, average study time is 15 to 20 hours and then you are ready!!! GOOD LUCK! DISCLAIMER This study guide and/or material is not sponsored by, endorsed by or affiliated with Cisco Systems, Inc. Cisco®, Cisco Systems®, CCDA™, CCNA™, CCDP™, CCNP™, CCIE™, CCSI™, the Cisco Systems logo and the CCIE logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. in the United States and certain other countries. All other trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners . Guarantee If you use this study guide correctly and still fail the exam, send your official score notice and mailing address to: TestKiller, Ltd. 8200 Pat Booker Rd. #368 San Antonio, TX 78233 We will gladly refund the cost of this study guide. However, you will not need this guarantee if you follow the above instructions. This material is protected by copyright law and international treaties. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution of this material, or any portion thereof, may result in severe civil and criminal penalties, and will be prosecuted to the maximum extent possible under law.  Copyright 2001 TestKiller, Ltd. All Rights Reserved www.testkiller.com GFI - Security & Communication tools for NT/2000: FAXmaker fax server software, Mail essentials email content checking & anti-virus software and LANguard network security software. http://www.gfi.com/tt.shtml i Table of Contents The Complexity of Internetworks . 1 Protocol Characteristics 1 Reliable vs. Unreliable Protocol Characteristics 1 Connection-Oriented Services vs. Connectionless Services . 1 Token Rings 1 FDDI – Fiber Distributed Data Interface 2 AppleTalk .2 Troubleshooting ATM 2 Troubleshooting Frame Relay . 2 Cisco Routing and Switching Processes . 2 Routing 2 Switching 3 Interface Buffers . 3 General Troubleshooting Tools 4 Low-End Cable Test Equipment . 4 High-End Cable Testers 4 Cisco Management and Diagnostic Tools 4 Cisco Management Tools . 4 Cisco Diagnostic Commands 4 Routing and Routed Protocol Troubleshooting 4 Troubleshooting TCP/IP Connectivity . 4 Troubleshooting Novell Connectivity . 5 Troubleshooting AppleTalk Connectivity 5 AppleTalk Router Diagnostic Commands 5 Debug Apple events: . 5 AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol 5 AppleTalk Session Protocol 5 AppleTalk Printer Access Protocol . 6 Diagnosing and Correcting Catalyst Problems . 6 Bridge vs. Switch 6 VLAN Frame Tagging with ISL . 6 Troubleshooting VLANs on Routers and Switches 6 Diagnosing and Correcting Frame Relay Problems 6 Frame Relay Frame Format 6 WAN and Frame Relay Diagnostic Tools 7 Frame Relay Loopback Tests 7 www.testkiller.com GFI - Security & Communication tools for NT/2000: FAXmaker fax server software, Mail essentials email content checking & anti-virus software and LANguard network security software. http://www.gfi.com/tt.shtml 1 Key Concepts Cisco Support The Complexity of Internetworks As more advanced technologies and services are introduced into the field of information processing and communications, the resulting internetworks are becoming increasingly complex. The problem-solving model includes the following steps: 1. Define the problem 2. Gather the facts 3. Consider the possibilities 4. Create an action plan 5. Implement the action plan 6. Observe the results of the action plan 7. Repeat the problem solving process 8. Resolve the problem Protocol Characteristics Reliable vs. Unreliable Protocol Characteristics • Reliable protocol - error correction, flow control and retransmission functionality built in. • Unreliable protocol – reliability provided by higher-layer protocols. Connection-Oriented Services vs. Connectionless Services • Connection-oriented - flow control, error control and session termination. Examples of this include TCP and ATM. • Connectionless services -no connection setup between the two communicating protocol entities. UDP is an example. Token Rings www.testkiller.com GFI - Security & Communication tools for NT/2000: FAXmaker fax server software, Mail essentials email content checking & anti-virus software and LANguard network security software. http://www.gfi.com/tt.shtml 2 IBM technology that consists of a token that is 3 bytes long. It has a start delimiter, an access protocol byte and an end delimiter. Data/command frames vary in size and are dependent on the size of the data field. FDDI – Fiber Distributed Data Interface The use of optical fiber as a transmission medium is the most important characteristic. Fiber offers some advantages over traditional copper wiring: • Security - does not emit electrical signals that can be tapped. • Reliability - immune to electrical interference. • Speed - much higher throughput potential than copper cable. AppleTalk AppleTalk’s transport layer consists of: • Routing Table Maintenance Protocol (RTMP) • AppleTalk Update-Based Routing Protocol (AURP) • AppleTalk Echo Protocol (AEP) • AppleTalk Transaction Protocol (ATP) • Name Binding Protocol (NBP). Troubleshooting ATM Allowed encapsulation methods are AAL5, PVC and SVC. ISL contains header, original packet, and FCS fields. ISL not directly supported by ATM, but can be implemented in ATM LANE configuration. Troubleshooting Frame Relay Typical problems include frame relay links down, inability to ping remote routers, or inability to ping end-to-end. You must ensure that both Cisco devices are using IETF encapsulation method. Cisco Routing and Switching Processes Routing www.testkiller.com GFI - Security & Communication tools for NT/2000: FAXmaker fax server software, Mail essentials email content checking & anti-virus software and LANguard network security software. http://www.gfi.com/tt.shtml 3 The routing process moves packets based on the source, destination, and network conditions. Routing protocols identify the best path(s) to use routing packets to the outbound, using one or more of the router interfaces. Switching As part of the switching process, the router moves the packet(s) from the appropriate interface to the destination address. The basic switching paths are: • Process switching • Fast Switching • Silicon Switching/Autonomous Switching • Optimum Switching • Distributed Switching • NetFlow Switching Switching features that affect performance include: • Queuing • Random early detection • Compression • Filtering (access lists) • Encryption • Accounting Interface Buffers The interface buffers on the SP (Switch Processor) card are used for buffering packets copied from interface processors. The SP and SSP (Silicon Switch Processor) controllers have 512 KB available for packet buffering. www.testkiller.com GFI - Security & Communication tools for NT/2000: FAXmaker fax server software, Mail essentials email content checking & anti-virus software and LANguard network security software. http://www.gfi.com/tt.shtml 4 General Troubleshooting Tools Low-End Cable Test Equipment At the low-technology end of the spectrum of test equipment the following equipment is used: • Volt-Ohm Meters • Digital Multimeters High-End Cable Testers Higher technological advancements include: • Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR) Cisco Management and Diagnostic Tools Cisco Management Tools • Cisco Works • Netsys Network Management Suites • TrafficDirector Remote Monitoring Software • The VlanDirector Switch Management Application • WAN Manager Cisco Diagnostic Commands • show • debug • ping • trace • cdp • core dump Routing and Routed Protocol Troubleshooting Troubleshooting TCP/IP Connectivity Four main diagnostic commands include: www.testkiller.com GFI - Security & Communication tools for NT/2000: FAXmaker fax server software, Mail essentials email content checking & anti-virus software and LANguard network security software. http://www.gfi.com/tt.shtml 5 • ping – connectivity test which is actually an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo test packet. • trace – traces path from source to destination. • show – details information about interface conditions, protocol status, neighbor reachability and traffic. • debug – analyzes packets; generates high amount of output and may adversely affect production networks. Troubleshooting Novell Connectivity Three diagnostic commands are primarily used to troubleshoot Novell Networks: • ping – works only on Cisco routers running Cisco IOS 8.2 or later. • show – details information about interface conditions, protocol status, neighborhood reachability and traffic. • debug – analyzes packets; generates high amount of output and may adversely affect production networks. Troubleshooting AppleTalk Connectivity AppleTalk Router Diagnostic Commands • show • test Apple • debug Debug Apple events: Displays information about AppleTalk special events such as if neighbors are reachable/unreachable or if interfaces go up/down. AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol This protocol guarantees data bytes are delivered in the same order as they are sent and that they are not duplicated. AppleTalk Session Protocol Session Protocol establishes and maintains logical conversations between an AppleTalk clients and the server. ASP is considered a session layer protocol. www.testkiller.com GFI - Security & Communication tools for NT/2000: FAXmaker fax server software, Mail essentials email content checking & anti-virus software and LANguard network security software. http://www.gfi.com/tt.shtml 6 AppleTalk Printer Access Protocol Printer Access Protocol is a connection-oriented protocol responsible for establishing and maintaining connections between clients and servers. Diagnosing and Correcting Catalyst Problems Bridge vs. Switch Functionality Bridge Switch Pass packets between network segments Yes Yes OSI layer DataLink DataLink Filtering Software Hardware (ASIC) VLAN Frame Tagging with ISL ISL is used over point-to-point connections to interconnect two VLAN capable Cisco products such as Catalyst 5000 and higher series switches and Cisco 2600 and higher series routers. Troubleshooting VLANs on Routers and Switches • To configure a VLAN use RSM in the Catalyst 5000 switch or attach a router, with a FastEthernet or Gigabit Ethernet interface, to a VLAN trunking port using ISL encapsulation. • Incorrect VLAN trunking protocol configuration will cause a VLAN to be slow or malfunction. • When a line protocol Frame Relay is down, check for timing problems with myseq and myseen keep-alive events. Command to show: debug serial interface. Diagnosing and Correcting Frame Relay Problems Although Frame Relays is a Layer2 datalink protocol, when Frame Relay problems occur you should first check the lower-layer hardware interface. Frame Relay Frame Format Congestion-related bit positions in the frame are: • FECN www.testkiller.com GFI - Security & Communication tools for NT/2000: FAXmaker fax server software, Mail essentials email content checking & anti-virus software and LANguard network security software. http://www.gfi.com/tt.shtml 7 • BECN • DE WAN and Frame Relay Diagnostic Tools The show and debug commands are designed for the purpose. Frame Relay Loopback Tests 1. Do the local loopback test with LMI. 2. Try the local test on the other side LMI. 3. If LMI come up, but you cannot get a non-LMI DLCI to the remote interface to carry other traffic, contact the service provider. 4. The frame relay service can perform remote loop tests and will be more willing to do so if you have already eliminated the local loops as a possible cause of the problem. [...]... the “CCNP Keypoints” portion of this study guide We have identified important “KEYPOINTS” in this section Please ensure that you absolutely know and understand these prior to sitting for the exam 8 www .testkiller. com GFI - Security & Communication tools for NT/2000: FAXmaker fax server software, Mail essentials email content checking & anti-virus software and LANguard network security software http://www.gfi.com/tt.shtml... LAN hardware (MAC) addresses 9 A switched Ethernet interface on a Catalyst switch provides greater access to bandwidth as compared with a hub It can connect directly to end users or other switches www .testkiller. com 9 GFI - Security & Communication tools for NT/2000: FAXmaker fax server software, Mail essentials email content checking & anti-virus software and LANguard network security software http://www.gfi.com/tt.shtml... or receiving ICMP messages 20 The service timestamps {log|debug} uptime [msec] command will allow you to configure the router to indicate how long after the system rebooted that events occurred 10 www .testkiller. com GFI - Security & Communication tools for NT/2000: FAXmaker fax server software, Mail essentials email content checking & anti-virus software and LANguard network security software http://www.gfi.com/tt.shtml... packets access the backplane as they transfer to destinations on the switch 29 The show config Catalyst 5000 command is comparable to the router’s Cisco IOS software command, show running-config 11 www .testkiller. com GFI - Security & Communication tools for NT/2000: FAXmaker fax server software, Mail essentials email content checking & anti-virus software and LANguard network security software http://www.gfi.com/tt.shtml... for point-to-point connections only • ISL can support token ring as well as Fast Ethernet • ISL adds or removes its frame tagging and FCS fields for traffic between VLAN capable Cisco products 12 www .testkiller. com GFI - Security & Communication tools for NT/2000: FAXmaker fax server software, Mail essentials email content checking & anti-virus software and LANguard network security software http://www.gfi.com/tt.shtml... and receiving ARP requests/retries 47 The four Cisco IOS commands used to check for data link protocol characteristics are: • show interface • clear counters • show controller • show cdp neighbor 13 www .testkiller. com GFI - Security & Communication tools for NT/2000: FAXmaker fax server software, Mail essentials email content checking & anti-virus software and LANguard network security software http://www.gfi.com/tt.shtml... a growing number of interface resets 58 By default, the output of debug and system error messages are sent to the console terminal 59 Logging to an internal buffer produces the lowest overhead 14 www .testkiller. com GFI - Security & Communication tools for NT/2000: FAXmaker fax server software, Mail essentials email content checking & anti-virus software and LANguard network security software http://www.gfi.com/tt.shtml... see information about Cisco devices across a data link 69 When checking that switches and routers are consistently configured for VLANs, VLAN ID 1 is used for management and troubleshooting only 15 www .testkiller. com GFI - Security & Communication tools for NT/2000: FAXmaker fax server software, Mail essentials email content checking & anti-virus software and LANguard network security software http://www.gfi.com/tt.shtml... corrupted header in the packets that encountered a bad hop count 78 If certain TCP/IP protocol services are available, but not others, the extended IP access list may be not properly configured 16 www .testkiller. com GFI - Security & Communication tools for NT/2000: FAXmaker fax server software, Mail essentials email content checking & anti-virus software and LANguard network security software http://www.gfi.com/tt.shtml... frame is used during line startup to indicate physical layer activation 86 Configuring IP address on the main interface of VLANs that are setup using a router’s Cisco IOS software is not necessary 17 www .testkiller. com GFI - Security & Communication tools for NT/2000: FAXmaker fax server software, Mail essentials email content checking & anti-virus software and LANguard network security software http://www.gfi.com/tt.shtml . CISCO STUDY GUIDE Cisco Support Exam 640-506 Edition 1 www .testkiller. com Congratulations!! You have purchased a TestKiller, Ltd. Study Guide. This study. the maximum extent possible under law.  Copyright 2001 TestKiller, Ltd. All Rights Reserved www .testkiller. com GFI - Security & Communication tools