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- Khi các lọai câu mệnh lệnh,yêu cầu, đề nghị, lời khuyên đợc đổi từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp thờng đợc mở đầu băng các động từ: “ order/ command/ tell/ ask/ request/ advise/ invite.....[r]
(1)(2) Directed speech and reported speech (Lêi nãi trùc tiÕp vµ lêi nãi gi¸n tiÕp) I/ Definition: Direct speech: ( lời nói trực tiếp)- là lời nói tờng thuật lai đúng nguyên văn lời ngời nói Lời nói trực tiếp thờng đợc viết hai dấu ngoặc kép và đợc ngăn cách với mệnh đề tờng thuật dấu phẩy Ex: - John said, “ I like reading scince books.” - My teacher said, “ I’ll give you a test tomorrow.” Reported or indirect speech: ( lêi nãi têng thuËt hay lêi nãi gi¸n tiÕp” – là lời nói đợc thuật lại với ý và từ ngời tờng thuật Lời nói gián tiếp không bi ng¨n c¸ch bëi dÊu phÈy hay dÊu ngoÆc kÐp, vµ lu«n tËn cïng b»ng dÊu chÊm c©u Ex: - John said (that) he liked reading science books - My teacher said (that) he would give us the test the next day Lu ý: Lời nói trực tiếp và lời nói gián tiếp gồm có hai phần/ mệnh đề: - Mệnh đề chính hay mệnh đề tờng thuật - Lêi nãi trùc tiÕp hoÆc lêi nãi gi¸n tiÕp Ex: Tom says, “ I go to the collage next summer.” Mệnh đề chính Lêi nãi trùc tiÕp Tom says that he goes to the collage next summer Mệnh đề chính Lêi nãi trùc tiÕp (3) II/ Changing direct speech into reported speech (ChuyÓn lêi nãi trùc tiÕp sang lêi nãi gi¸n tiÕp) Nếu động từ mệnh đề chính đơn (SAY) hoàn thành (HAVE/ HAS SAID) tơng lai đơn (WILL/ SHALL SAY) thì lời trích dẩn ta đổi đại từ và hình thức động từ cho phù hợp Ex: The farmer says, “ I hope it will rain tomorrow” The farmer says that he hopes it will rain tomorrow Nếu động từ mệnh đề chính thì quá khứ (SAID) thì lời trích dẩn ta phải đổi thì (Tense), các từ cụm từ thời gian (time), địa điểm (place) và đại từ (Person)theo các quy tắc sau: (4) Trùc tiÕp Gi¸n tiÕp VÝ dô * Simple present * Present continuous * - Simple past - Present perfect * - past continuous - Present perfect continuous * Simple future * May * can - Simple past - Past continuous - Past perfect - Past perfect - Past perfect Continuous -Past perfect – -Future in past - might - “ I feel sick” He said he felt sick - “ I’m writing a letter” He said that he was writing a letter - “ I have seen that film.” He said that he had seen that film - “I was living in Viene then” He said that he had been living in Viene - “ I shall go to Japan in July” He said that he would go to Japan in July - could (5) Lu ý: Trờng hợp không đổi dạng động từ chuyển từ câu trực tiÕp sang gian tiÕp * Must/ might/ could/ should/ had better/ ought to không đổi Ex: He said, “ I must finish this homework.” He said that he must finish that homework * Ta vÈn cã thÓ dïng “simple present” thay v× “simple past” lêi nãi gi¸n tiÕp diÓn t¶: - Mét thãi quen: “ I work late every morning.” - Mét ch©n lý: “ The sun rises in the East.” * Đối với các động từ khuyết thiếu (Không đủ các dạng thức chia ë c¸c th×) ta ph¶i mîn c¸c tõ cã cïng nghÜa nh: Must had to/ would have to Must not was to/ were to Can could/ be able to Will/ shall would/ be going to (6) * C¸c cÊu tróc c©u: Cấu trúc câu Wish ( câu mong ớc ) không đổi Ex: She said, “I wish I had known the truth.” She wished She had known the truth She said that she wished She had known the truth CÊu tróc: Would rather + S + V(quá khứ) - Không đổi Ex: He said, “I’d rather Tom drove the car” He said he would rather Tom drove the car CÊu tróc: It’s (high) time + S + V (qu¸ khø) – Kh«ng đổi Ex: - The man said, “It’s high time you went to school alone, my son” The man said to his son that it was high time he went to school alone Câu điều kiẹn loại và không đổi (7) Trùc tiÕp * This *These * Here * Now * today * Yesterday * Tomorrow * ago * Next week * last week Gi¸n tiÕp VÝ dô - that - Those - There - Then - That day - The day before The previous day - The next day The following day - Before - The week after The following week - The week before The previous week - “I need this book” He said that he needed that book - “ I’ll take these with me.” He said that he would take those with her - “I’ll return here at o’clock.” He said He would return there at o’clock - “I’m going now.” She said that she was going then - “I will it today.” He said he would it that day - “I was at Hue yesterday.” She said she had been at Hue the day before - “We’ll wait until tomorrow.” They said they would wait until the following day - “I was at Dalat three weeks ago.” He said he had been at Dalat Three weeks before - “I’ll come to see her next week.” He said he would come to see her the week after - “I went to Hanoi last week.” He said he had gone to Hanoi the week before (8) C/ Đổi đại từ: The first person: Sè Ýt: I/ me vµ nh÷ng tõ së h÷u my/ mine cña Sè nhiÒu: we/ us vµ c¸c tõ së h÷u our/ ours Ex: Sẽ đợc đổi theo ngôi chủ từ mệnh đề têng thuËt Jane said, “I have left my book at home.” Jane said that She had left her book at home The second person: You/ you và các từ sở hữu chúng your/ yours đợc đổi theo ngôi túc từ ( Object) mệnh đề tờng thuật Ex: He said, “I’ll lend you my book, Alice.” He said to Alice that he would lend her his book The third person: - Số ít: He/ him/ his/ she/ her/ her/ it/ it/ it/ its - Thờng đợc giữ nguyªn - Sè nhiÒu: They/ them/ their/ theirs Ex: She said, “I have posted their letters.” She said that she had posted their letter (9) D/ Têng thuËt gi¸n tiÕp c¸c lo¹i c©u: I Câu mệnh lệnh,yêu cầu, đề nghị, lời khuyên gián tiếp - Khi các lọai câu mệnh lệnh,yêu cầu, đề nghị, lời khuyên đợc đổi từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp thờng đợc mở đầu băng các động từ: “ order/ command/ tell/ ask/ request/ advise/ invite ” Thờng đợc t êng thuËt theo cÊu tróc sau: + Nếu các loại câu trên dạng khăng định: S + asked / told / requested + O + to + V-infinitive Ex: 1.“Hurry up, Lan” She told Lan to hurry up “Can you carry the bag for me?” She asked me to carry her bag “Would you like to have a drink.” She invited me to have a drink + Nếu các loại câu trên dạng phủ định: S + asked / told / requested + O + not + to +V-infinitive Ex: 1.“Don’t leave the room.” She told me not to leave the room “Please don’t tell anyone what happened.” He asked me not to tell anyone what had happened (10) II C©u hái gi¸n tiÕp: Yes/ No – questions: - Khi đổi câu hỏi Yes – No sang câu gián tiếp ta thực các bớc sau: a Các quy tắc đổi thì và các trờng hợp khác nh dạng câu lời nãi b Dùng động từ “asked” “wanted to know” mệnh đề tờng thuËt c Viết từ “if” “whether” sau mệnh đề tờng thuật d Nếu câu hỏi Yes – No bắt đầu băng động từ hình thái ( can/ will/ must ) thì đổi theo quy tắc e Nếu câu hỏi Yes – No với trợ động từ “Do/ does/ did” thi bỏ trợ động từ và đua câu khăng định lu ý đổi thì động từ chính theo quy tắc đổi thì g §æi dÊu chÊm hái “?” c©u trùc tiÕp sang dÊu chÊm “ ” c©u gi¸n tiÕp Ex: He said, “Are you enjoying yurself? He asked if I was enjoying myself “ Can you hear a strange noise?” He said He asked if I heard a strange noise (11) Wh- questions: - Khi đổi câu hỏi Wh- questions sang câu gián tiếp ta thức hiẹn c¸c bíc sau a Các quy tắc đổi thì và các trờng hợp khác nh dạng câu lời nãi b Dùng động từ “asked” “wanted to know” mệnh đề tờng thuËt c Đăt “Wh – word” sau động từ mệnh đề tờng thuât d Sau Wh – word là câu dạng sác định, không thành lập c©u hái e §æi dÊu chÊm hái “?” c©u trùc tiÕp sang dÊu chÊm “ ” c©u gi¸n tiÕp Ex: He said, “where are going, Tom?” He asked Tom where he was going He said, “why are you learning English , Tom?” He asked Tom why he was learning english (12) Bµi tËp I Put the following commands and requests into reported speech The teacher said to Tim, “Come into my office, please.” …………………………………………………………………………………… Their mother said to them, “Don’t make so much noise.” …………………………………………………………………………………… The traffic policeman said, “Show me your driving license, please.” …………………………………………………………………………………… Mr Jackson said to Tim, “Could you give me a hand, please?” …………………………………………………………………………………… Nam said to the taxi driver, “please turn left at the first traffic light.” …………………………………………………………………………………… She said to her son, “Go straight upstairs and get into bed.” …………………………………………………………………………………… The policeman said, “Don’t touch anything in the room.” …………………………………………………………………………………… Mary said to John, “Can you carry my suitcase, please.” …………………………………………………………………………………… I said to him, “Would you mind if I took some photos?” …………………………………………………………………………………… 10 The doctor said to the boy, “Take off your shirt, please.” …………………………………………………………………………………… (13) Bµi tËp I Put the following commands and requests into reported speech The teacher said to Tim, “Come into my office, please.” …………………………………………………………………………………… Their mother said to them, “Don’t make so much noise.” …………………………………………………………………………………… The traffic policeman said, “Show me your driving license, please.” …………………………………………………………………………………… Mr Jackson said to Tim, “Could you give me a hand, please?” …………………………………………………………………………………… Nam said to the taxi driver, “please turn left at the first traffic light.” …………………………………………………………………………………… She said to her son, “Go straight upstairs and get into bed.” …………………………………………………………………………………… The policeman said, “Don’t touch anything in the room.” …………………………………………………………………………………… Mary said to John, “Can you carry my suitcase, please.” …………………………………………………………………………………… I said to him, “Would you mind if I took some photos?” …………………………………………………………………………………… 10 The doctor said to the boy, “Take off your shirt, please.” …………………………………………………………………………………… (14) II Yesterday morning, Mr Robinson was ill he went to the doctor and the doctor gave him some advice Report the doctor’s advice in two ways as shown “You should take a few days off” - The doctor said to Mr Robinson that - The doctor advised Mr Robinson “You should stay in bed for a few days.” - The doctor said to Mr Robinson that - The doctor advised Mr Robinson “You should take these medicines every four hours.” - The doctor said to Mr Robinson that - The doctor advised Mr Robinson “You ought to keep your body warm.” - The doctor said to Mr Robinson that - The doctor advised Mr Robinson “You shouldn’t drink alcohol or smoke.” - The doctor said to Mr Robinson that - The doctor advised Mr Robinson “You ought not to eat fatty food.” - The doctor said to Mr Robinson that - The doctor advised Mr Robinson “You should take a little milk before sleeping.” - The doctor said to Mr Robinson that - The doctor advised Mr Robinson (15) II Yesterday morning, Mr Robinson was ill he went to the doctor and the doctor gave him some advice Report the doctor’s advice in two ways as shown “You should take a few days off” - The doctor said to Mr Robinson that - The doctor advised Mr Robinson “You should stay in bed for a few days.” - The doctor said to Mr Robinson that - The doctor advised Mr Robinson “You should take these medicines every four hours.” - The doctor said to Mr Robinson that - The doctor advised Mr Robinson “You ought to keep your body warm.” - The doctor said to Mr Robinson that - The doctor advised Mr Robinson “You shouldn’t drink alcohol or smoke.” - The doctor said to Mr Robinson that - The doctor advised Mr Robinson “You ought not to eat fatty food.” - The doctor said to Mr Robinson that - The doctor advised Mr Robinson “You should take a little milk before sleeping.” - The doctor said to Mr Robinson that - The doctor advised Mr Robinson (16) III Turn the following questions into indirect speech Marry asked me, “Do you want to visit London?” …………………………………………………………………………… She said, “Can you speak Spanish, Minh?” …………………………………………………………………………… Thanh said to her teacher, “Will I finish my exercises at home?” ……………………………………………………………………………… My friend said, “Are you going to leave tomorrow?” ……………………………………………………………………………… They said to us, “Must you go now?” …………………………………………………………………………… I asked Nam, “Are you free tonight?” ……………………………………………………………………………… Nam said to me, “Did you stay at home last night?” ……………………………………………………………………………… The mother asked her son, “Have you finished your homework?” ……………………………………………………………………………… (17) III Turn the following questions into indirect speech Marry asked me, “Do you want to visit London?” …………………………………………………………………………… She said, “Can you speak Spanish, Minh?” …………………………………………………………………………… Thanh said to her teacher, “Will I finish my exercises at home?” ……………………………………………………………………………… My friend said, “Are you going to leave tomorrow?” ……………………………………………………………………………… They said to us, “Must you go now?” …………………………………………………………………………… I asked Nam, “Are you free tonight?” ……………………………………………………………………………… Nam said to me, “Did you stay at home last night?” ……………………………………………………………………………… The mother asked her son, “Have you finished your homework?” ……………………………………………………………………………… (18) IV Change the following sentences into reported speech He said to her, “you are my friend.” ……………………………………………………………………………………… Johnny said to his father, “I don’t know how to this exercise.” ……………………………………………………………………………………… “Don’t come back before one o’clock.” my brother Advised ……………………………………………………………………………………… “Cook it in butter.” Mrs Brown said to her daughter ……………………………………………………………………………………… The pupils said, “Teacher, give us better mark, please.” ……………………………………………………………………………………… “What a dirty face you have!” Ann said to her son ……………………………………………………………………………………… “Don’t you know how to behave There must be no talking in lessons” The teacher told his students ……………………………………………………………………………………… “I wonder who is coming in the excursion tomorrow I hope it won’t rain” She said ……………………………………………………………………………………… “Do as you are told You are a naughty boy” Mrs Brown said ……………………………………………………………………………………… 10 “It is a very nice evening Why don’t we go out for a walk” Jim suggested ……………………………………………………………………………………… (19) IV Change the following sentences into reported speech 11 “It isn’t very foggy today as it was yesterday”, Said the teacher ……………………………………………………………………………………… 12 “Be modest if you are a good student”, Said the teacher ……………………………………………………………………………………… 13 He said to her: “ I have not told you anything yet.” ……………………………………………………………………………………… 15 Mr Ha asked his friend: “How did you manage to know my phone number?” ……………………………………………………………………………………… 16 Minh said: “My father died a year ago” ……………………………………………………………………………………… 17.I said to the librarian: “could I take out another book please?” ……………………………………………………………………………………… 18 She said to the boys: “Be careful Don’t go too near the edge of the cliff” ……………………………………………………………………………………… (20)