Experience idea relative clause and applying excercises

SKKN_ Mệnh đề quan hệ số tập ứng dụng INTRODUCTION I Reason for choosing the topic of research School year 2012- 2013 is the year of continuing applying multiple choice tests for English in the general certificate secondary examination and the entrance examination of Training & Education Ministry In year- English Textbook, relative clause is one of the important parts of knowledge which has been using in the GCSE and the entrace exams To relative clause Tests well, students have to make sure of the main points related to relative pronouns and relative clause in English Therefore, I choose the topic " Relative clause and applying excercises" which is my teaching experience initiative II The aims of research When write this topic, I would like to give my modest opinions about the main points related to reative clause in English which can be uesd as a reference for teachers in helping students prepare for the next examninations III The object of research In the year- English Textbook, relative clauses have been applied to teach in 10 and 11 form In my topic, I only concentrate on some theories and excersies of relative clauses, for example structures, usage and some kind of relative clause tests in English which help students be sure of basic and advanced knowledge about relative clauses Therefore, students can relative clause excercises better IV The scope of topic The limitation of the topic is around the teaching and learning method of English relative clauses for teachers and students in 10, 11and 12 form at Quy Hop N02 Upper secondary school However, this topic is applied for students at class 12A3, 12A5 and 12C3 in priority Gv: Trần Công Khang & Trần Hồng Lương – Tổ ngoại ngữ SKKN_ Mệnh đề quan hệ số tập ứng dụng V The researching methods I the research based on these things: - Teaching practice - Relative clause references - Colleague opinions CONTENT I The fact of students' ability in High school Through the grammar tests students did we realised that they aren't good at language knowledge and skills, especially grammar points which is shown on the table below: Level Use fluently know how to use not know how to use 11/ 38 = 29% 8/ 38 =21% 19/ 38 = 50 % 12 A5 11/ 37 = 29,7% 6/ 37 = 16,3% 20/ 37 = 54% 12 C3 7/ 33 = 21% 6/ 33 = 18% 30/ 33 = 61% Class 12 A3 Usual mistakes 1) Don't differentiate relative pronouns and relative adverbs 2) Get confused between subject and object pronouns 3) Don't know how to use defining clause and non-defining clause 4) Can't combining sentence excercises using relative pronouns 5) Be bad at vocabulary Gv: Trần Công Khang & Trần Hồng Lương – Tổ ngoại ngữ SKKN_ Mệnh đề quan hệ số tập ứng dụng In the 10the and 11th form, students learnt about relative clauses and they continue learning this point in 12the form, however, they are still not good at the grammar point they learnt Moreover, it is becoming harder and harder for students in remote and mountainous areas II Main causes We have asked students to answer two questions since the begining of this school year: which subject you like best? Why or why not? We realise that 80% of students like learning gymnasium, technology, history and biology Only 20% of students like English subject but they don't really care about it Therefore, they don't spend their time studying English or reading references about English to have more skills and techniques In English lessons, they almost look forward to being explained, translated new words and excercises or they completely depend on other good students who can help them rewrite excercises Located in remote and mountainous area with low living standard and spirit, outdated habits and customs, and limited cultural exchanges As a result, most of students' parents hardly care about their children's schooling even though they leave their children's education to school without caring Besides, some of them still think that learning Vietnamese is not enough so how their children can learn English However, some of students like English but their levels are different and they don't have good methods of learning English, therefore, students become lazier because their knowledge is worse and worse when they study farther and farther +) 85% of students don't revise the knowledge they learnt during the summer holidays so that they almost forget everything +) Bad at vocabulary is the rason why students use wrong words and making meaningless sentences 30% of students can't remember even 50 English words Gv: Trần Công Khang & Trần Hồng Lương – Tổ ngoại ngữ SKKN_ Mệnh đề quan hệ số tập ứng dụng +) 50% of students don't know how to write a passage in English with their familiar words +) Most of students can't remember English strutures that they learnt at 10th and 11th form III The method of teaching students to practise language skills Firstly, teachers have to help students realise how important learning a foreign language is in general and learning English in particular, especially, help them feel interested in doing excercises more efficently Moreover, the lessons must be suitable for every student Besides, teachers should use good methods to help students study better For bad students, teachers have to tutor them at school or at home Finally, the school should open extra courses in summer holidays and classify them into different levels such as weak, medium and good level in different classes Part1: Some main points of pronouns and relative clause There are two kind of sentences: - single sentence: one clause includes one subject and verbs - complex sentence: one main clause combine one subordinate clause with a pronoun There are three kind of clauses: + Defining clauses + Non-defining clauses + Connective clauses In basic English Textbook, students learn three kind of relative clauses like defining clause, non-defining clause and connective clause In my topic, I would like to Gv: Trần Công Khang & Trần Hồng Lương – Tổ ngoại ngữ SKKN_ Mệnh đề quan hệ số tập ứng dụng provide students main points of reative clauses in order to help them all kind of relative clause excercises Therefore, they have to catch up some following main points: A DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING CLAUSE I Definition Defining clause is used after non defining noun, it add important information for noun before and it can't be omitted Ex: The man who told me this refused to give me his name In this sentence “who told me this” is relative clause II Usage Relative clause is used after: + The + Noun + A/AN + Noun + Plural nouns without "the" + Pronouns ( all, none, anybody, those….) Ex: The book is about a girl who falls in love III Forms of pronouns Subject Object possession Person Who Who/ Whom Whose Thing That Which That Which Whose That That Where Place Of Which Pronouns for person: Who/ That Gv: Trần Công Khang & Trần Hồng Lương – Tổ ngoại ngữ SKKN_ Mệnh đề quan hệ số tập ứng dụng a Subject Who: is used to replace for nouns of person ( he,she, we , you, they) and used as subject in subordinate clause Who = That Ex1: The man is friendly He lives next door ->The man who lives next door is friendly Ex2: We know a lot of people They live in London -> We know a lot of people who live in London When " Who/ That /Which" is object, we can leave relative pronoun Ex: The woman was away on holiday I wanted to see the woman -> The woman who I wanted to see was away on holiday Or -> The woman I wanted to see was away on holiday b Object of verbs: Whom/ Who/ That We often use " who, that" in speaking while "whom" in writing We can omit "whom" in informal language Ex: The man whom I saw told me to come back today Or The man I saw told me to come back today Pronoun " Whom" : replace for noun of person in subordinate clause We can replace "who,whom" with "that" or obmit it Ex: The boy is my son You see him at the door ->The boy whom you see at the door is my soon Pronoun " whom/ who": refer to noun of person and used as object for preposition in subordinate clause We can converse prepositon before pronouns "whom" but not apply for "that" Ex: The man is their teacher They are talking to him -> The man who(m)/ that they are talking to is their teacher ->The man they are talking to is their teacher ->The man to who(m) they are talking is their teacher Gv: Trần Công Khang & Trần Hồng Lương – Tổ ngoại ngữ SKKN_ Mệnh đề quan hệ số tập ứng dụng c Possession: Whose Whose: replace for possessive adjective ( his, her, their ) Ex1: We saw some people.Their car had broken down ->We saw some people whose car had broken Ex2: A widow is a woman Her husband is dead ->A widow is a woman whose husband is dead Ex 3: What’s the name of the man? His car you borrowed ->What’s the name of the man whose car you borrowed? Pronouns for thing a Subject: Which/ That Which: is used to replace for nouns of person and used as subject in subordinate clause Which = That Ex1: Tom bought a house It has a bedroom and a kitchen ->Tom bought a house which has bedroom and a kitchen Ex 2: Can you see my pen? It’s lying on that table ->Can you see my pen which is lying on that table? b Object of verbs Pronoun "which": replace for noun of thing, use as object in subordinate clause We can replace "which" with "that" or omit it Ex1: The book is mine You see it on the table - >The book which (that) you see on the table is mine Which is not used after: all, everything, little, much, none, no, double comparision Ex : - All the apples that fall are eaten by the pigs - This is the best hotel (that) I know c Object of preposition Structure: Pre.p + Which Or: which + S+V + pre.p We can use "which, that" or obmit Gv: Trần Công Khang & Trần Hồng Lương – Tổ ngoại ngữ SKKN_ Mệnh đề quan hệ số tập ứng dụng Ex: The book is very interesting You are talking about it ->The book about which you are talking is very interesting ->The book which you are talking about is very interesting B NON- DEFINING CLAUSE I Definition Non-defining relative clause is set after nouns which are definited The information in these clauses is not essential It tells us more about someone or something, but it does not help us to identify them or it Non-defining relative clauses are always separated from the rest of the sentence by commas The commas have a similar function to brackets: Ex: - The man , whom you saw yesterday, is Mr Pike - This is Mrs Jones, who helped me last week - Mary, whose sister I know, has won an Oscar II Usage Non-defining relative clauses can be used after the following nouns: + Proper nouns + Demonstrative pronouns: this , that, these , those + Possessive adjective: my, his ,her… + Predetermine and complement III Relative pronouns in non-defining clauses Subject Who Which Person Thing Place Object Whom/ Who Which Where Possessive Whose Whose/ of Which Relative pronouns for person a Subject : Who Gv: Trần Công Khang & Trần Hồng Lương – Tổ ngoại ngữ SKKN_ Mệnh đề quan hệ số tập ứng dụng Only use " Who" Ex1: My teacher has a lot of experiences He has been teaching for 10 years ->My teacher, who has been teaching for 10 years, has a lot of experiences Ex2 I passed the letter to Petter He was sitting beside me -> I passed the letter to Petter , who was sitting beside me b Object: Whom/ Who You cannot leave out the relative pronoun, even when it is the object of the verb in the relative clause: Whom is true form though Whom is sometimes used in dialogues Ex1: Peter turned out to be innocent Everyone suspected him -> Peter, whom everyone suspected ,turned out to be innocent Ex 2: She introduced me to her husband I hadn’t met him before -> She introduced me to her husband, whom I hadn’t met before c Object of preposition: Whom Pronouns can't be omitted The preposition in these clauses can go at the end of the clause This pattern is often used in spoken English, but in written or formal English you can also put the preposition before the pronoun: Ex1 : Mr Lam was very generous about overtime payments I was working for him -> Mr Lam, for whom I was working , was very generous about overtime payments Or -> Mr Lam , who I was working for , was very generous about overtime payment Ex2 : Peter was fitter than me I played tennis with him on Sunday -> Peter , with whom I played tennis on Sunday, was fitter than me Or -> Peter , whom I played tennis with on Sunday , was fitter than me Relaive pronouns for thing : Which a Subject : Which We can't use "that" Ex: We stayed at the Hanoi hotel Long recommened it to us ->We stayed at the Hanoi hetel, which Long recommened to us b Object: Which Gv: Trần Công Khang & Trần Hồng Lương – Tổ ngoại ngữ SKKN_ Mệnh đề quan hệ số tập ứng dụng We can't use "that" or omit "which" Ex : These books will give you all the information you need You can get them at any bookshop -> These books, which you can get at any bookshops, will give you all the information you need c Object of preposision: which Preposision can stand before pronouns or at the end of the sentence Ex : His house is now worth 10.000$ He paid for it 5.000$ -> His house, for which he paid 5.000$ , is now worth 10.000$ d Possession : Whose/ of which Whose: is used for both person and thing Of which: can be used for thing but it is not usual in formal English Ex : His house was a depressing right Its windows were all broken ->His house , whose windows were all broken Notes - In non-defining clauses, you cannot use 'that' instead of who, whom or which - You cannot leave out the relative pronoun, even when it is the object of the verb in the relative clause - The preposition in these clauses can go at the end of the clause - Non-defining clauses can be introduced by expressions like all of, many of + relative pronoun: Person 10 Thing all of + whom + which any of + whom + which (a) few of + whom + which both of + whom + which each of + whom + which either of + whom + which Gv: Trần Công Khang & Trần Hồng Lương – Tổ ngoại ngữ SKKN_ Mệnh đề quan hệ số tập ứng dụng half of + whom + which many of + whom + which most of + whom + which much of + whom + which none of + whom + which one of + whom + which two of etc + whom + which C MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ LIÊN HỢP / NỐI TIẾP I Định nghĩa Mệnh đề quan hệ liên hợp dùng để giải thích cho câu, trường hợp dùng đại từ quan hệ which dùng dấu phẩy để tách hai mệnh đề Mệnh đề đứng cuối câu Ex1: Students are often afraid of exams, which is easy to understand Ex 2: It rained very heavily, which prevented my going out Phần : Một số dạng tập Đối với mệnh đề quan hệ, có số dạng tập sau, gồm tự luận trắc nghiệm Dạng 1: Điền đại từ quan hệ thích hợp vào chỗ trống Đây dạng tập yêu cầu học sinh phải nắm cách dùng đại từ quan hệ, chức , dùng cho người hay cho vật dùng loại mệnh đề quan hệ khác dùng đại từ quan hệ thích hợp Học sinh áp dụng kiến thức cung cấp để làm dạng tập Exercise 1: Chọn đáp án để hoàn thành câu sau: It rained all the time, …… was a great pity a that b what c which d who She married a man ………… she met on a bus a whom b whose c he d which Gv: Trần Công Khang & Trần Hồng Lương – Tổ ngoại ngữ 11 SKKN_ Mệnh đề quan hệ số tập ứng dụng I’m sure I know the person ………… served us a whom b who c which d whose The Red Lion is the pub in …………… we met for a drink a it b that c where d which The letter that I opened ……… wasn’t for me a X b it c that d which I’m working on a firm ……… main office is in London a which b that c whose d whom Natasha, ……… flat was burgled, spent the night at a friend’s house a who b whose c which d that Students ……… get below-average exam results not have the best prospects a what b whom c who d which We passed the shops ………… windows were decorated for Christmas a the b their c which d whose 10 I don’t agree with ……… you have just said a who b when c which d where 11 The man to ……… She is married has been married twice before a whom b who c which d whose c that d place 12 That’s the house … I was born a in which b which 13.Tom……….is a monitor of the class, is also the captain of the football a who b which c whom d whose 14 I saw the man……….owns that car walking towards the shop a which b whom c who d whose 15 The street…………leads to my school is very narrow a who b which c whom d whose 16 Bring me the clock……………… is over there a whom 12 b which c whose d who Gv: Trần Công Khang & Trần Hồng Lương – Tổ ngoại ngữ SKKN_ Mệnh đề quan hệ số tập ứng dụng 17 My friend, …………aunt is nurse, would like to be a doctor someday a who b whom c which d whose c which d whom 18 The dog, ……… tail I stepped on, bit me a who b whose 19 Please give this to the beggar…………….is at the door a who b which c whom d whose 20 My father gave me the doll………… I had been hoping for a who b which c whom d which 21 Yesterday I met my friend…………….gave me a dog on my birthday a who b whose c whom d which 22 Any boy………….disobeys the rules will be punished a that b which c whom d who 23 Budapest……….is on the Danube is a beautiful city a where b whose c when d which 24 The river from………….we get our water supply is nearly empty a that b which c whom d where 25 The boy…………father is in prison is my friend a whom b who c whose d which 26 Do you know the driver………………took them to town last night.? a which b whom c where d who c where d which 27 Anybody………… is tired may leave a whom b who 28 He talked about the books and the authors………….interested him a which b who c that d when 29 This is the book of …………….I was speaking a which b whom c that d where 30 The cat …………tail is long does not belong to me a whom b that c which d whose Gv: Trần Công Khang & Trần Hồng Lương – Tổ ngoại ngữ 13 SKKN_ Mệnh đề quan hệ số tập ứng dụng Dạng 2: Nối hai hay nhiều câu đơn thành câu phức dùng đại từ quan hệ thích hợp: Đây dạng tập , giảng dạy thường cho học sinh làm dạng tự luận, hướng dẫn làm dạng tự luận Sau áp dụng sang làm dạng tập trắc nghiệm Thường dạng tập chuyển sang trắc nghiệm thường dạng viết: cho hai câu đơn sau yêu cầu chọn phương án nối câu Để làm dạng tập , học sinh cần nắm cách nối hai hay nhiều câu đơn thành câu phức dùng đại từ quan hệ thích hợp Cụ thể bước sau : Bước 1: xác định hai từ , hai cụm từ đối tượng hai câu Bước 2: xác định mệnh đề , mệnh đề phụ( hay mđqh) Cách xác định mệnh đề , phụ: - Mệnh đề chứa thơng tin người viết, nói muốn thơng báo cho người đọc, người nghe mệnh đề phụ thành phần lại - Nếu câu hai thời khác việc xảy trước nằm mệnh đề phụ, việc xảy sau nằm mệnh đề Bước 3: Hình thành mệnh đề quan hệ cách dùng đại từ quan hệ thích hợp thay cho danh từ cần thay Bước 4: Đặt toàn mệnh đề quan hệ vào sau danh từ cần bổ nghĩa, phần cịn lại mệnh đề đặt cuối câu.Nếu danh từ cần bổ nghĩa danh từ xác định phảI thêm dấu phẩy ngăn cách mệnh đề mệnh đề quan hệ Hãy xét ví dụ sau đây: Ex: I don’t know the name of the woman I met her yesterday Mệnh đề câu thứ Mệnh đề quan hệ câu thứ hai Mệnh đề quan hệ là: whom I met yesterday Câu nối hoàn chỉnh là: I don’t know the name of the woman whom I met yesterday Exercise 1: Nối câu sau đại từ quan hệ She is the most intelligent woman I ‘ve ever met this woman 14 Gv: Trần Công Khang & Trần Hồng Lương – Tổ ngoại ngữ SKKN_ Mệnh đề quan hệ số tập ứng dụng ->…………………………………………………………………………… This doctor is famous You visited him yesterday ->……………………………………………………………………………… The police want to know the hotel Mr Foster stayed there two weeks ago ->…………………………………………………………………………… I have not decided the day I ‘ll go to London on that day ->…………………………………………………………………………… He doesn’t want to sell the house He was born in this house ->……………………………………………………………………………… I looked at the moon It was very bright that evening ->……………………………………………………………………………… The man is my farther I respect this man most ->…………………………………………………………………………… The boy is my cousin You made fun of him ->……………………………………………………………………………… The man called the police His wallet was stolen ->……………………………………………………………………………… 10 A man answered the phone He said Tom was out ->…………………………………………………………………………… 11 Phuong Thoa is a singer You like music best ->…………………………………………………………………………… 12 This man was a brave man No one trusted him ->…………………………………………………………………………… 13 Tom’s father goes swimming everyday He is 78 years old ->…………………………………………………………………………… 14 Do you know the girl? Tom is talking to her ->…………………………………………………………………………… 15 Here is his address You should write to it Gv: Trần Công Khang & Trần Hồng Lương – Tổ ngoại ngữ 15 SKKN_ Mệnh đề quan hệ số tập ứng dụng ->…………………………………………………………………………… 16 Thank you for your letter You told me a very interesting story in your letter ->…………………………………………………………………………… 17 He can change the situation He always likes to something new ->………………………………………………………………………… 18 I gave it to the poor man His name was Long ->………………………………………………………………………… 19 Uncle Ho lived in that house It is now a museum ->………………………………………………………………………… 20 The man is my teacher His daughter learns with me Dạng 3: Dạng tập xác định lỗi sai Exercise 3: Xác định lỗi sai câu sau : Baseball is the only sport in which I am interested in a b c d I can assure you that John is a man who you can absolutely depend in a b c d My sister has two children, who their names are Ali and Tally a b c d I would like to write about several problems which I have faced them since a b c I came to United States d If you need any information, see the librarian sits at the central desk on the a b c second floor d On the wall, there is a colorful poster which consists of a group of young 16 Gv: Trần Công Khang & Trần Hồng Lương – Tổ ngoại ngữ SKKN_ Mệnh đề quan hệ số tập ứng dụng a b c people who dancing d When we walked pass theater, there were a lot of people waited in a long a b c line outside the box office d It’s important to be polite to people who lives in the same building a b c d The fence surrounded our house is made of wood a b c d 10 Parents who children are in college are working longer hours to pay their a b c tuition d IV Kết quả: Cuối năm học , thấy học sinh thích học tập ngữ pháp làm số tập mệnh đề quan hệ Thể qua kết điều tra sau: Lớp Hiểu đọc Có thể làm tập sau đọc 12A3 21/38 = 55% 17/38 = 45% 12A5 19/37 = 51% 18/37 = 49% 12C3 16/33 = 48% 17/33 = 52% PHẦN KẾT LUẬN Gv: Trần Công Khang & Trần Hồng Lương – Tổ ngoại ngữ 17 SKKN_ Mệnh đề quan hệ số tập ứng dụng Trong trình giảng dạy tiếng Anh khối 10 , giới thiệu cho em học sinh kiến thức mệnh đề quan hệ tiếng Anh Đối với đối tượng học sinh khác nhau, yêu cầu kiến thức khác Đối với đối tượng học sinh yếu, phục vụ thi học kỳ thi tốt nghiệp THPT tơi giới thiệu phần Còn đối tượng học sinh khá, giỏi, học sinh học khối D tơi giới thiệu thêm phần số dạng đặc biệt mệnh đề quan hệ Trong trình giảng dạy, nhận thấy học sinh phần lớn nắm kiến thức áp dụng làm dạng tập trắc nghiệm phục vụ cho kì thi tốt nghiệp THPT Tuy nhiên, đối tượng học sinh yếu, em cịn gặp số khó khăn phần kiến thức liên quan chặt chẽ với phần kiến thức khác đặc biệt tiếng Anh.Vì vậy, dạy phần kiến thức này, yêu cầu học sinh nhắc lại kiến thức học phần tiếng Anh kiến thức có liên quan khác Đề xuất: Là giáo viên trẻ, giảng dạy chưa lâu, kinh nghiệm chưa nhiều nên biết vấn đề đưa cịn nhiều hạn chế Vì vậy, mong nhận tham gia xây dựng thầy cô, đồng nghiệp để vấn đề đưa hồn thiện hơn, có hiệu trình giảng dạy Xin chân thành cảm ơn! Quỳ hợp, ngày 18 tháng 03 năm 2013 Người viết: Trần Công Khang 18 Trần Hồng Lương Gv: Trần Công Khang & Trần Hồng Lương – Tổ ngoại ngữ SKKN_ Mệnh đề quan hệ số tập ứng dụng Gv: Trần Công Khang & Trần Hồng Lương – Tổ ngoại ngữ 19 ... differentiate relative pronouns and relative adverbs 2) Get confused between subject and object pronouns 3) Don't know how to use defining clause and non-defining clause 4) Can't combining sentence excercises. .. one clause includes one subject and verbs - complex sentence: one main clause combine one subordinate clause with a pronoun There are three kind of clauses: + Defining clauses + Non-defining clauses... Non-defining clauses + Connective clauses In basic English Textbook, students learn three kind of relative clauses like defining clause, non-defining clause and connective clause In my topic, I would