Tài liệu PIPELINE PIGGING TECHNOLOGY- P16 doc

Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. [...]... waterm Pipeline Pigging Technology It is difficult to predict how long a coating material will last on the inside of a pipeline UCISCO has been coating lines since 1977, and these coatings are still in place The expected method of failure is flaking or chipping of the coating The lines can then be recleaned (to remove the old coating) and recoated COATING APPLICATION Coating is applied to in-place pipelines... Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this waterm Pigging research PIGGING RESEARCH INTRODUCTION Pipeline pigs may be broken down into two fundamental groups: conventional pigs, which perform a function such as cleaning or dewatering, and tntetttgentptgs, which provide information about the condition of a pipeline Conventional pigs have been in use for over 100 years, compared... development of highlyxffective conventional pigs and pigging programmes The results of an intelligent pig run often show that the pigs and/or programmes which had been routinely used, were totally inadequate It is now accepted that regular, effective pigging, coupled with a sound inhibition programme, is much cheaper than replacing a pipeline But what is effectivepigging?At this moment, no-one knows There are... conventional pipeline pigging Apart from being a valuable guide in its own right, this study will point to the areas in need of a concerted R&D programme It may also point to the form that such research should take The study, which is funded by a consortium of major pipeline operators, is scheduled for completion in July, 1991 At this time it is impossible to tell which aspects of conventional pigging will... in products' pipelines, for condensate removal in gas lines, for commissioning and, more recently, for providing secondary barriers for pipeline isolation Less obvious, but equally important, is the film thickness left behind the pig when applying in situ coatings or when performing batch inhibition 451 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this waterm Pipeline Pigging Technology... use of spheres for the control of liquid holdup in an 8-in multi-phase pipeline In 1963, Natural Gas Pipeline Co of America conducted tests using spheres to control liquid holdup on a 13-mile section of 10-in pipeline These experiments formed the basis for a mathematical model designed to predict the performance of multi-phase pipelines, which was developed in 1964 by Alvis E.McDonald and Ovid Baker... performance for any particular pipeline, regardless of its velocity 456 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this waterm Pigging research Fig 5 (top) Cut-away view of the WCK-12DD dual-diameter pig Fig.6 (centre) S.U.N multi-size pig Fig.7 (bottom) Wye with reduced branch 457 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this waterm Pipeline Pigging Technology It is... multi-phase pipelines with significantly smaller liquids' handling facilities (e.g slug catchers) and the virtual elimination of slugging - a pipeliner's "dream come true" PIGS FOR DIFFERING DIAMETERS "Double-diameter" pigs are capable of traversing pipelines which have been built with more than one nominal diameter in between pig traps To reduce shipping costs, it was not unusual to design a pipeline. .. Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this waterm Pipeline Pigging Technology Although there is a growing awareness of the need for greater efficiency, it is probable that if intelligentpigs had not been developed, this evolutionary process would have continued Intelligent pigs have highlighted the need for more research and development into conventional pigging All intelligent pigs need a clean line... pressure) and flows back due to product viscosity In pigging, it is generally the flow back which needs to be minimized (e.g for dewatering, condensate removal, etc.) so for optimum liquids' removal using a sphere, these tests indicate that speeds should probably not exceed 455 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this waterm Pipeline Pigging Technology Fig.4 Leakage past a sphere