PASSAGE 39 Duncan Phyfe made some of the most beautiful furniture found in America His family name was originally Fife, and he was born in Scotland in 1768 In 1784, the Fife family immigrated to Albany, New York where Duncan’s father opened a cabinetmaking shop Duncan followed his father’s footsteps and was apprenticed to a cabinetmaker After completing his training, Duncan moved to New York City Duncan Fife was first mentioned in the 1792 NYC Directory as a furniture “joiner” in business at Broad Street Two years later, he moved, expanded his business, and changed his name to Phyfe He was a quiet-living, God-fearing young man who felt his new name would probably appeal to potential customers who were definitely anti-British in this post-Revolutionary War period Duncan Phyfe’s name distinguished him from his contemporaries Although the new spelling helped him better compete with French emigrant craftsmen, his new name had more to with hanging it on a sign over his door stoop The artisans and merchants who came to America discovered a unique kind of freedom They were no longer restricted by class and guild traditions of Europe For the first time in history, a man learned that by working hard, he could build his business based on his own name and reputation and quality of work Phyfe’s workshop apparently took off immediately At the peak of his success, Phyfe employed 100 craftsmen Some economic historians point to Phyfe as having employed division of labor and an assembly line What his workshop produced shows Phyfe’s absolute dedication to quality in workmanship Each piece of furniture was made of the best available materials He was reported to have paid $1,000 for a single Santo Domingo mahogany log Phyfe did not create new designs Rather, he borrowed from a broad range of the period’s classical styles, Empire, Sheraton, Regency, and French Classical among them Nevertheless, Phyfe’s high quality craftsmanship established him as America’s patriotic interpreter of European design in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries Although the number of pieces produced by Duncan Phyfe’s workshop is enormous, comparatively few marked or labeled pieces have been found extant In antiques shops and auctions, collectors have paid $11,000 for a card table, $24,200 for a tea table, and $93,500 for a sewing table Question What is the main idea of the passage? A The business of cabinetmaking B The significance of Duncan Phyfe’s name C Duncan Phyfe’s life and career D Duncan Phyfe’s cabinetmaking designs Question According to the passage, which of the following does the author imply? A Duncan Fife and his father had the same first name B Duncan Fife worked for his father in Scotland C Duncan Fife and his father were in the same business D Duncan Phyfe made over 100 different kinds of tables Question Which choice does the word “it” in paragraph refer to? A His spelling B His chair C His French D His name Question Which choice is closest in meaning to the word “guild” in paragraph 4? A Verdict of a jury B Organization of craftsmen C Political party of emigrants D Immigrants’ club Question In his business, Duncan Phyfe used all of the following EXCEPT A division of labor B an assembly line C continental designs D the least expensive materials Question Based on the information in the passage, what can be inferred about Duncan Phyfe’s death? A He died in the eighteenth century B He died in Albany C He died in the nineteenth century D He died in Scotland Question The author implies that A furniture from Duncan Phyfe’s workshop no longer exists B furniture from Duncan Phyfe’s workshop costs a lot of money today C furniture from Duncan Phyfe’s workshop was ignored by New Yorkers D furniture from Duncan Phyfe’s workshop was made by his father ĐÁP ÁN 1-C 2-C 6-C 7-B 3-D 4-B 5-D LỜI GIẢI CHI TIẾT Question 1: Đâu ý đoạn văn? A Việc kinh doanh ngành đồ gỗ mỹ nghệ B Ý nghĩa tên Duncan Phyfe C Cuộc đời nghiệp Duncan Phyfe D Việc thiết kế đồ gỗ mỹ nghệ D Duncan Phyfe Giải thích: Xun suốt tồn nói Duncan Phyfe khía cạnh đời nghiệp làm đồ nội thất ông Một số dẫn chứng như: + “he was born in Scotland in 1768 In 1784, the Fife family immigrated to Albany, New York where Duncan’s father opened a cabinetmaking shop Duncan followed his father’s footsteps and was apprenticed to a cabinetmaker” – (Ông sinh Scotland vào năm 1768, gia đình ơng nhập cư vào Albany, New York- nơi mà cha ông mở cửa hàng đồ gỗ mĩ nghệ Duncan nối gót cha theo học nghề đồ gỗ mĩ nghệ) + “Two years later, he moved, expanded his business, and changed his name to Phyfe” – (2 năm sau, ông rời mở rộng việc kinh doanh, đổi tên thành Phyfe” + “At the peak of his success, Phyfe employed 100 craftsmen” – (Vào thời kì đỉnh cao thành cơng, Phyfe th 100 thợ thủ công) Question 2: Theo đoạn văn, tác giả ám điều sau đây? A Duncan Fife cha ơng có tên riêng B Duncan Fife làm việc cho cha ông Scotland C Duncan Fife cha ơng ta có nghiệp kinh doanh giống D Duncan Phyfe chế tác 100 loại bàn khác Dẫn chứng đoạn 1: “Duncan followed his father’s footsteps and was apprenticed to a cabinetmaker” – (Duncan nối gót cha theo học nghề đồ gỗ mĩ nghệ) Question 3: Từ “it” đoạn đề cập tới A cách đánh vần B ghế C tiếng Pháp D tên Đọc câu “it”: “Although the new spelling helped him better compete with French emigrant craftsmen, his new name had more to with hanging it on a sign over his door stoop” – (Mặc dù phát âm giúp ông cạnh tranh tốt với thợ thủ công nhập cư người Pháp, tên mới có nhiều điều đáng để nói khắc thành dấu hiệu chặn cửa) Question 4: Câu hỏi từ vựng Từ “guild” đoạn đồng nghĩa với? A Lời phán bồi thẩm đoàn B Tổ chức người thợ thủ cơng C Đảng trị người nhập cư D Câu lạc người nhập cư Guild (n): phường, hội, tập thể, tổ chức Các đáp án A, C, D khơng có nội dung liên quan Tạm dịch: “They were no longer restricted by class and guild traditions of Europe” – (Họ khơng cịn bị giới hạn, cấm đoán tầng lớp hay tổ chức truyền thống Châu Âu) Question 5: Trong nghiệp mình, Duncan Phyfe sử dụng tới tất điều sau đây, NGOẠI TRỪ A phân chia lực lượng lao động B dây chuyền lắp ráp C thiết kế nội địa D vật liệu tốn Các dẫn chứng A, B, C tìm thấy bài: + Đoạn 5: “At the peak of his success, Phyfe employed 100 craftsmen Some economic historians point to Phyfe as having employed division of labor (A) and an assembly line (B)” – (Vào thời kì đỉnh cao thành cơng, Phyfe th 100 thợ thủ công Một số nhà sử gia kinh tế Phyfe áp dụng phân công lao động dây chuyền lắp ráp) + Đoạn – (C): “Phyfe did not create new designs Rather, he borrowed from a broad range of the period’s classical styles, Empire, Sheraton, Regency, and French Classical among them ” – (Phyfe không tạo thiết kế Thay vào đó, ơng vay mượn từ loạt phong cách cổ điển thời kỳ, Empire, Sheraton, Regency, Pháp cổ điển số đó) Ngồi có dẫn chứng chứng minh D sai, nằm đoạn 5: “Each piece of furniture was made of the best available materials He was reported to have paid \(1,000 for a single Santo Domingo mahogany log” – (Từng phần đồ nột thất làm từ chất liệu có sẵn tốt thất Ơng cho chi 1000 đô cho khúc gỗ gụ Santo Domingo) Question 6: Dựa vào thơng tin có đoạn văn, suy điều từ chết Duncan Phyfe? A Ông qua đời vào kỉ 18 B Ông qua đời Albany C Ông qua đời vào kỉ 19 D Ông qua đời Scotland Giải thích: Trong đoạn văn khơng đề cập trực tiếp tới thời gian địa điểm qua đời Phyfe, nên ta cần suy ta từ kiện có + Đoạn đầu tiên: “he was born in Scotland in 1768” – (Ông sinh Scotland vào năm 1768) + Cuối đoạn 5: “Nevertheless, Phyfe’s high quality craftsmanship established him as America’s patriotic interpreter of European design in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries” – (Mặc dù vậy, nghiệp đồ thủ công mĩ nghệ chất lượng cao Phyfe giúp ông trở thành thông dịch quốc Mĩ thiết kế Châu Âu cuối kỉ 18 đầu kỉ 19) => Ơng sống qua đầu kỉ 19, sống tới kỉ 20 (vì tới kỉ 20 ơng 130 tuổi) =>Ông vào kỉ 19 Question 7: Tác giả ám A đồ nột thất từ xưởng Duncan Phyfe không tồn B đồ nột thất từ xưởng Duncan Phyfe có giá cao ngày C đồ nột thất từ xưởng Duncan Phyfe bị người dân New York ngó lơ D đồ nột thất từ xưởng Duncan Phyfe làm cha ông Dẫn chứng câu cuối cùng: “In antiques shops and auctions, collectors have paid, 11,000 for a card table, 24,200 for a tea table, and (93,500 for a sewing table” – (Trong cửa hàng bán đồ cổ đấu giá, có nhà sưu tầm trả 11.000 đô la cho bàn đánh bài, 24.200 đô la cho bàn trà 93.500 đô la cho bàn mây) => giá trị đồ nội thất làm từ xưởng Phyfe ngày có giá cao ...C continental designs D the least expensive materials Question Based on the information in the passage, what can be inferred about Duncan Phyfe’s death? A He died in the eighteenth century B