PASSAGE Read the following passage on transport, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from to Quite different from storm surges are the giant sea waves called tsunamis, which derive their name from the Japanese expression for “high water in a harbor.” These waves are also referred to by the general public as tidal waves, although they have relatively little to with tides Scientists often referred to them as seismic sea waves, far more appropriate in that they result from undersea seismic activity Tsunamis are caused when the sea bottom suddenly moves, during an underwater earthquake or volcano for example, and the water above the moving earth is suddenly displaced This sudden shift of water sets off a series of waves These waves can travel great distances at speeds close to 700 kilometers per hour In the open ocean, tsunamis have little noticeable amplitude, often no more than one or two meters It is when they hit the shallow waters near the coast that they increase in height, possibly up to 40 meters Tsunamis often occur in the Pacific because the Pacific is an area of heavy seismic activity Two areas of the Pacific well accustomed to the threat of tsunamis are Japan and Hawaii Because the seismic activity that causes tsunamis in Japan often occurs on the ocean bottom quite close to the islands, the tsunamis that hit Japan often come with little warning and can, therefore, prove disastrous Most of the tsunamis that hit the Hawaiian Islands, however, originate thousands of miles away near the coast of Alaska, so these tsunamis have a much greater distance to travel and the inhabitants of Hawaii generally have time for warning of their imminent arrival Tsunamis are certainly not limited to Japan and Hawaii In 1755, Europe experienced a calamitous tsunami, when movement along the fault lines near the Azores caused a massive tsunami to sweep onto the Portuguese coast and flood the heavily populated area around Lisbon The greatest tsunami on record occurred on the other side of the world in 1883 when the Krakatoa volcano underwent a massive explosion, sending waves more than 30 meters high onto nearby Indonesian islands; the tsunami from this volcano actually traveled around the world and was witnessed as far away as the English Channel Question The paragraph preceding this passage most probably discusses _ A tides B underwater earthquakes C storm surges D tidal waves Question According to the passage, all of the following are true about tidal waves except that _ A they are the same as tsunamis B they refer to the same phenomenon as seismic sea waves C they are caused by sudden changes in high and low tides D this terminology is not used by the scientific community Question The word “displaced” in line is closet in meaning to _ A located B moved C filtered D not pleased Question It can be inferred from the passage that tsunamis _ A are often identified by ships on the ocean B are far more dangerous on the coast than in the open ocean C causes serve damage in the middle if the ocean D generally reach heights greater than 40 meters Question In line 9, water that is “shallow” is NOT _ Page A coastal B tidal C clear D deep Question A main difference between tsunamis in Japan and in Hawaii is that tsunamis in Japan are more likely to _ A arrive without warning B originate in Alaska C be less of a problem D come from greater distances Question The possessive “their” in line 15 refers to _ A these tsunamis B thousands of miles C the inhabitants of Hawaii D the Hawaii Islands Question The passage suggests that the tsunamis resulting from the Krakatoa volcano _ A resulted in little damage B caused volcanic explosions in the English Channel C actually traveled around the world D was unobserved outside of the Indonesian islands ĐÁP ÁN 1-C 2-C 3-B 6-A 7-A 8-C 4-B 5-D LỜI GIẢI CHI TIẾT Question 1: C Với dạng câu ta đọc câu đầu đoạn văn câu câu dẫn với đoạn văn trước đó: “Quite different from storm surges are the giant sea waves called tsunamis, which derive their name from the Japanese expression for “high water in a harbor.”Khác với song dâng cao bão gây đợt sóng biển lớn gọi tsunamis, từ xuất phát từ cụm từ tiếng Nhật “nước dâng cao cảng” Vậy đáp án storm surges câu so sánh với storm surge đoạn văn trước đoạn văn Question 2: C Chúng ta scan từ tidal waves để tìm đáp án C they are caused by sudden changes in high and low tides (chúng gây thay đổi đột ngột thuỷ triều lên xuống Ở dịng +3 đoạn có nhắc tới “These waves are also referred to by the general public as tidal waves, although they have relatively little to with tides” Người dân xem sóng sóng thuỷ triều chúng gần không liên quan đến thuỷ triều Phương án A tìm thấy dịng +2 + đoạn 1: “Quite different from storm surges are the giant sea waves called tsunamis, which derive their name from the Japanese expression for “high water in a harbor.” These waves are also referred to by the general public as tidal waves” Những sóng tsunamis Phương án B D tìm thấy dịng đoan 1: “Scientists often referred to them as seismic sea waves, far more appropriate in that they result from undersea seismic activity” Các nhà khoa học thường đề cập đến chúng sóng biển địa chấn, thuật ngữ phù hợp chúng gây nên hoạt động địa chấn biển Question 3: B Page Displace ≈ move: dịch chuyển Các phương án khác là: located: nằm ở, filtered: lọc, not pleased: không thoải mái Question 4: B Đáp án nằm dòng +5 đoạn 2: “In the open ocean, tsunamis have little noticeable amplitude, often no more than one or two meters It is when they hit the shallow waters near the coast that they increase in height, possibly up to 40 meters.” Ở ngồi đại dương, sóng thần khơng có ảnh hưởng đáng ý, thường khơng cao q hay 2m Chỉ sóng đánh vào dịng nước nơng gần bờ biển dâng cao lên đến 40m Nên suy sóng thần nguy hiểm nhiều bờ biển so với đại dương Question 5: D Shallow = not deep: nông, không sâu Các phương án khác là: coastal: thuộc bờ biển, tidal: thuỷ triều, clear: rõ ràng Question 6: A Đáp án dòng + đoạn 3: “the tsunamis that hit Japan often come with little warning and can, therefore, prove disastrous” Sóng thần đánh vào Nhật Bản thường đến mà khơng có cảnh báo trước gây thảm hoạ Trong sóng thần Hawaii: “Most of the tsunamis that hit the Hawaiian Islands, however, originate thousands of miles away near the coast of Alaska, so these tsunamis have a much greater distance to travel and the inhabitants of Hawaii generally have time for warning of their imminent arrival” Tuy nhiên hầu hết sóng thần đánh vào Hawaii bắt nguồn từ biển cách xa ngàn dặm so với bờ biển Alaska, sóng thần cần phải qua chặng đường dài đánh vào đất liền người dân Hawaii nhìn chung có thời gian cảnh báo sóng thần đến Question 7: A Their đề cập đến sóng thần “Most of the tsunamis that hit the Hawaiian Islands, however, originate thousands of miles away near the coast of Alaska, so these tsunamis have a much greater distance to travel and the inhabitants of Hawaii generally have time for warning of their imminent arrival” Tuy nhiên hầu hết sóng thần đánh vào Hawaii bắt nguồn từ biển cách xa ngàn dặm so với bờ biển Alaska, sóng thần cần phải qua chặng đường dài đánh vào đất liền người dân Hawaii nhìn chung có thời gian cảnh báo sóng thần đến Question 8: C Đáp án dòng đoạn 4: “the tsunami from this volcano actually traveled around the world” Page ... these tsunamis B thousands of miles C the inhabitants of Hawaii D the Hawaii Islands Question The passage suggests that the tsunamis resulting from the Krakatoa volcano _ A resulted in little... around the world D was unobserved outside of the Indonesian islands ĐÁP ÁN 1-C 2-C 3-B 6-A 7-A 8- C 4-B 5-D LỜI GIẢI CHI TIẾT Question 1: C Với dạng câu ta đọc câu đầu đoạn văn câu câu dẫn với... dài đánh vào đất liền người dân Hawaii nhìn chung có thời gian cảnh báo sóng thần đến Question 8: C Đáp án dòng đoạn 4: “the tsunami from this volcano actually traveled around the world” Page