SENTENCE ELEMENTS

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SENTENCE ELEMENTS

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Primary auxiliary verbs: be/ have/ do These verbs can either be auxiliaries or lexical verbs 2.1.2 Modal verbs: can/ could/ may/ might/ must/ have to + base form/ will/ would/ shall/ sho[r]

(1)PHẦN IV - SENTENCE ELEMENTS I SUBJECT (S): Definition: Gender to be the action doer or described or mentioned (là chủ thể hành động hay đối tượng miêu tả) Classification: a Subject pronouns: (đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ) First Person Second Person Third Person Singular form I You He, She, It Plural form We You They Eg He went abroad to study medicine They were killed in an accident b Nouns, or noun phrases: eg Love is a stage of feeling and can’t be recognized by senses Gain and loss go together c Gerunds: eg Fishing is his favourite pastime Getting good marks is not always difficult d Clauses: eg What we really wish is to be at the cinema All she can say is that he is a liar II COMPLEMENTS (C): Definition: Element to be described or mentioned usually follows the verb to be or link verbs (là thành tố hoàn thành câu, thường theo sau “to be” các link verbs) Classification: a Nouns, or noun phrases: eg She is a kind hearted lady They became the new employees b Gerunds: eg Her hobby is singing c Verbs: eg My dream is to become a teacher d Clauses: eg A full apology is what the boss wants now./ A smile is all he could and what he should Notes: Có loại bổ ngữ; bổ ngữ chủ ngữ (Cs) – She was exhausted – và bổ ngữ tân ngữ (Co) – The long walk made us exhausted III OBJECTS (O): Definition: Gender to be described or mentioned usually follows ordinary verbs to show the direct or indirect goals that the verbs aim at (là thành tố hoàn thành câu, thường theo sau động từ thường hướng hay đối tượng động từ) Classification: a Object pronouns: (đại từ nhân xưng tân ngữ) First Person Second Person Third Person Singular form me you him, her, it Plural form us you them Eg We met him yesterday She made us a big cake b Nouns, or noun phrases: eg She gave me a blank look We sent endless letters to the manager c Gerunds: eg The man loved telling funny stories / She was interested in going shopping on Sundays d Verbs: eg Jack wished to become an astronaut Kelvin loves to the crosswords e Clauses: eg We know how we should solve the problem She asked why we didn’t arrive on time Notes: Có loại bổ ngữ; bổ ngữ chủ ngữ (Cs) – She was exhausted – và bổ ngữ tân ngữ (Co) – The long walk made us exhausted IV ADVERBIALS (A): Definition: Element to be used to denote the stages, manner, methods, or to indicate time, places, purposes, or others (được dùng để miêu tả trạng thái, cách thức, phương pháp, mức độ, hay dùng để thời gian, nơi chốn, mục đích,… hành động) Classification: a Adverbs: eg We often go to work by bus She danced marvelously b Adverbials: eg In the past, people used to live in a large family c Clauses: eg When we came, they were fighting./ Billy tried hard in order that he could pass the exam V VERBS (V): Definition: To denote action, state, and be the most important part of sentences Classification: phân loại động từ 2.1 Auxiliary verbs: động từ trợ 2.1.1 Primary auxiliary verbs: be/ have/ (These verbs can either be auxiliaries or lexical verbs) 2.1.2 Modal verbs: can/ could/ may/ might/ must/ have to + base form/ will/ would/ shall/ should/ be going to + base form/ used to + base form/ ought to + base form/ (These are sometimes functional verbs) 2.2 Lexical verbs: động từ mang nghĩa 2.2.1 Intensive verbs: verbs that show the state (She feels tired/ He is selfish) (2) 2.2.2 Extensive verbs: verbs that show the affection (He gets angry/ They are helpful) 2.2.3 Intransitive verbs: verbs that can function as verb phrases and make sentences meaningful without any complementation e.g She cried (noisily) It rains/ is raining (hard/ heavily/ cats and dogs) 2.2.4 Transitive verbs: verbs that need complementation a Mono-transitive verbs: verbs that followed by one object (S+V+O) e.g She bought flowers Ann met her fiance’ yesterday b Di-transitive verbs: verbs that followed by both direct and indirect objects (S+V+O+O) e.g She bought me some sweets (= She bought some sweets for me) They gave me a big cake (=They gave a big cake to me) c Complex transitive verbs: follow the form “S + V + O + Co” e.g He made me angry The female film star drove him mad Affixations: phụ tố để tạo động từ 3.1 en: added to nouns or adjectives (mean make, or lead to ) e.g danger…….to endanger wide…… to widen rich……… to enrich courage……to encourage length……to lengthen broad …… to broaden 3.2 ize/ ise: added to nouns or adjectives (mean make, or develop, or specify) e.g modern……to modernize industrial….to industrialize minimum….to minimize maximum….to maximize capital…… to capitalize natural…… to naturalize Sentence models: 4.1 S + V-intrans They laugh/ The wind is blowing 4.2 S + V-monotrans + O He did his homework/ Harley carried an umbrella 4.3 S + V-in/ extensive + Cs He became famous/ They are nearly exhausted 4.4 S + V-intrans + A He went abroad/ She arrives late 4.5 S + V-ditrans + O + O She buys me presents/ That brings my father success 4.6 S + V-complex trans + O + C The story made me bored/ You drive me mad 4.7 S + V-intrans + A + A/ others She went to school early/ He came to the park in the early morning PRACTICE EXERCISE - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH Choose one word or phrase marked A,B,C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence Whenever he has free time, he goes swimming Swimming is his pastime A favor B favorable C favored D favorite Children eating sweets A want B like C need D prefer Young people hate , they prefer making questions A ask B asking C be asked D being asked Your sister will be ill if she doesn’t stop so much A to worry B worry C worried D worrying The word “fishing” in “Fishing is his favorite pastime” is a(n A noun B pronoun C gerund D adjective He loves lies, that’s why we call him “a liar” A telling B saying C speaking D talking The word “stopped” in “He stopped smoking years ago” can be replaced by A took up B came up C picked up D gave up She’s thirsty She’d like a cold drink A have B having C to have D to having She never gets up late She’s used to up early A get B getting C gets D got 10 One of those from Japan A students are B student are C students is D student is 11 Among those, I like the red one A more B best C better D much 12 We’ve got very milk left A little B a little C few D a few 13 He has been in hospital last Tuesday A for B when C from D since 14 I don’t really like An, but this time I’d like him (3) A to meet B meet C met D meeting 15 The science classes at this difficult A schools are B school are C school is D schools is 16 Be quiet! I to listen to some important information A was trying B am trying C try D tried 17 The teacher made us hard for the final examination A learn B learning C to learn D learnt 18 Neither Bill nor Norris going to the play tonight A was B were C are D is 19 He used on time But this time he is terribly late A arriving B arrive C to arrive D to arriving 20 He found to live on his unemployment benefit A it B its C it’s D it is 21 My hobby is watching the whole city from the A sky-lift B skywalk C skydiver D skydiving 22 Kangaroos are merely found in A Asia B America C Australia D Austria 23 Opera, Jazz and Pop are sorts of A music B musical C musician D musicology 24 There are many thieves in the town Remember the door before you go out A lock B locking C to lock D locked 25 Jane has to live on her unemployment benefit She is now A out of work B out of order C out of date D out of office 26 Mt Everest is highest peak of Himalayas A a/ the B the/ a C the/ nothing D the/ the 27 Nothing in your room since you were sent to the hospital A have been moved B has been moved C have moved D has moved 28 Water plays a vital in developing agriculture A part B importance C vision D character 29 The weather in the South of Vietnam seems than in the North A more pleasant/ it B more pleasant/ that C pleasant/ the weather D more pleasant/ those 30 It’s more to use gas instead of electricity to warm up the house A economy B economic C economical D economist 31 Ha Long is a place is good for sightseeing A it B which C what D its 32 It is his return made her happy A which B this C that D it 33 He is 59 years old He next year A is going to retire B retires C retired D has retired 34.A dictionary is a book explains words A what B it C its D which 35 British Isles by speakers of Celtic language two thousand years ago A inhabited B are inhabited C were inhabited D were inhabiting 36 He is from Tokyo He speaks A Japan B Tokyo C Japanese D Chinese 37 He wore dark glasses so that nobody could him A recognize B recognition C recognized D recognizable 38 Modern English is different old English A of B in C from D on 39 It is necessary to learn a foreign A tongue B story C country D language 40 He arrived in Singapore Monday evening A in B from C on D at 41 Unless we hurry, we’ll the bus A miss B remember C catch D get in 42 I wish I here longer, but it’s time for me to go home A stay B can stay C will stay D could stay (4) 43 We are going to watch “The English language” program will be on at p.m A it B what C which 44 It’s the flood sweeps away the house A that B this C these 45 English by about 700 million people around the world A is been spoken B is going to spoken C is spoken 46 Would you mind me your address? A telling B tell C to tell 47 I won’t write him after finishing this test A for B to C from 48 I like the work which is easy A doing B to C done 49 Chinese is the only language with more than English A speakers B persons C pupils 50 They are interested in practicing A France B Spain C English D they D those D will spoken D told D A or B D for D many adults D Russia (5)

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