Tài liệu Green Buiding Handbook - Volume 1 pdf

Green Buiding Handbook Green Building Handbook Volume 1 A guide to building products and their impact on the environment Tom Woolley, Queens University of Belfast Sam Kimmins, Paul Harrison and Rob Harrison ECRA, Manchester Green Building Digest iii First published 1997 by E & FN Spon, an imprint of Thomson Science & Professional Reprinted 1998, 1999 by E & FN Spon Reprinted 2001 by Spon Press 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Spon Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” © 1997 ACTAC (The Technical Aid Network) and the Ethical Consumer Research Association All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0-203-47740-5 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-78564-9 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-419-22690-7 (Print Edition) Publisher's note This book has been produced from finished pages supplied on disk by the authors. Contents Preface vii Acknowledgements ix Part 1— Introduction 1. Green Building 2 2. How to Set About Green Building 18 3. Examples of Green Buildings 23 Part 2— Product Analysis and Materials Specification How to use the Handbook 32 Key to Table Headings 33 4. Energy 36 5. Insulation Materials 59 6. Masonry 78 7. Timber 103 8. Composite Boards 131 9. Timber Preservatives 160 10. Window Frames 201 11. Paints and Stains for Joinery 221 12. Roofing Materials 235 13. Rainwater Goods 285 14. Toilets and Sewage Disposal 305 15. Carpets and Floorcoverings 328 Further Reading 355 Useful Organisations 356 The Organisations Behind the Digest 358 Index 365 vi Preface This book is based on material from the first 12 issues of the Green Building Digest. We began to publish the digest in 1995 in an attempt to distribute information about the environmental impact of building materials and techniques to a wide range of people concerned with the built environment. It was partly financed by a grant from the Department of the Environment in England through its Environmental Action Fund, subscriptions, grants from other bodies, fund- raising and a great deal of voluntary effort. ACTAC, a federation of technical aid centres and consultancies, which has been involved in helping community groups taking environmental action for over 15 years, commissioned the Ethical Consumer Research Association to research material for a series of bi-monthly issues of digests on different materials and products. An advisory committee of ACTAC members and other experts in the green building field reviewed the drafts produced by ECRA and suggested topics for future issues of the digest. Each of the chapters in the book is based on an issue which was distributed to subscribers. The number of subscribers to the digest has grown steadily as, over the last two to three years, interest in green building has increased enormously. Support for the digest is strong and it is hoped to continue producing the digest on a subscription basis, incorporating collected issues into further books. It was also the intention that past issues would be reviewed and updated as new information and research became available. At the time of writing the digest was being relaunched through the Queens University, Belfast, and readers can obtain issues of the digest, not included here and information about further subscriptionfrom Queens University Belfast (01232 335 466) or ECRA (details can be found at the back of the book). Those who have already seen the first 12 issues of the digest will find that there have been some small modifications in the transference to a book format. Some duplication has been omitted and the digests are now in a different and, hopefully, more logical order. We have tried to bring the supplier information as up to date as possible, but inevitably such information changes as the green building field is expanding so rapidly at present. Many people, including, in particular, the Association of Environment Conscious Builders, have been very supportive in the production of the digest and in the organisation of related events such as the annual Green Buildings Fair which has been organised annually in Leeds in 1995, ’96 and ’97. Indeed the whole project is an example of the spirit of sharing and co-operation which has long been the ethos of the technical aid movement since its foundation in the late 70s and early 80s. For this reason we are keen to get feedback from readers and for anyone with ideas and information to contribute, particularly with experience of applying green building principles and materials. Our objective is to circulate this experience and knowledge so that we can all benefit and thus, in the long run do something to mitigate the damage which is being done in the name of development and progress to the planet which we all inhabit. For this reason we have attempted to be transparent about the sources of our information and methods behind the production of the digest rather than present ourselves as experts, who restrict access to information and specialist technical knowledge only making it available on the payment of a substantial fee. Such expertise is an accumulation of shared knowledge available to all who want to protect the environment rather than something available to an elite. Having said this, it is important to remember that to produce material of this quality and usefulness costs money and at present it is not easy to raise research funds in this field. Much of the accumulated knowledge is at a price and to continue this work, minor support through subscriptions to the Green Building Digest and more substantial funds will be needed. We are only scratching the surface of the problem and much more work needs to be done before we can feel confident that we know how to produce a perfect green building. Tom Woolley Crossgar 1997 viii [...]... BUILDING 17 References 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 The Blind Watchmaker (Richard Dawkins) Penguin Books, Middlesex, 19 88 “A House in the Country” *(Dey an Sudjic) The Guardian June 21, 19 96 Green Architecture (Robert and Brenda Vale) Thames and Hudson London, 19 91 Greener Buildings, The Environmental Impact of Property (Stuart Johnson) The Macmillan Press London, 19 93 Ecological Design... Fetishism, Some Cautionary Comments on Green Design (Peter Dickens) Housing Studies Vol.8 No 2 pp 14 8 15 2 19 95 Unlocking the Power of Our Cities—Solar Power and Commercial Buildings Greenpeace, Canonbury Villas London, 19 95 2 How to Set About Green Building Plate 4 Centre for Alternative Technology Photo: Tom Woolley 2 .1 Using the Handbook The Green Building Handbook is not a design manual nor does... system is used and air is pre-heated in the floor in winter, though heating bills are claimed to be as low as £250 per year All paints and other treatments were using non toxic, organic paints Contact: The Horniman Museum Telephone 018 1 699 18 72 or Architype Design Co-operative 4–6 The Hop Exchange, 24 Southwark Street London SE1 1TY Telephone 017 1 403 2889 EXAMPLES OF GREEN BUILDINGS 25 Plate 6 Housing... Instead we have tried to create easy-to-manage packages which allow specifiers and clients to understand what is going on and to take responsible decisions about what to do This is one of the main objects of the handbook In this chapter, the background to this approach is explained through a brief review of the theories and basic principles of green building 1. 1 .1 What is a Green Building? It is necessary... Architecture, University of British Columbia, 19 95 European Commission Joint Research Centre- Environment Institute 19 96 Indoor Air Quality and the Use of Energy in Buildings Report No 17 (EUR 16 367 EN) Luxembourg The Green Guide to Specification—An Environmental Profiling System for Building Materials and Components (David Shiers and Nigel Howard) Post Office Property Holdings 19 96 Architecture as Commodity Fetishism,... may be a lot less hi-tech and flashy, but just as effective in reducing heating and electricity costs .18 Importing green products from around the world can also be hard to justify, unless such a practice is making a sustainable contribution to a particular economy and can be justified in global terms 1. 6 The Handbook methodology Given the problems outlined above, the green building handbook does not... Island Press Washington DC, 19 96 B.S.R.I.A 19 96 Circular from Steve Kilford Sustainable Development Services, 19 96 Practice Profile Seattle Recycling building materials in Ireland (Thomas Keogh) Queens University Belfast Department of Architecture Unpublished MSc Thesis, 19 96 Op Cit Towards a Green Architecture (Robert and Brenda Vale) RIBA Publications London, 19 94 Eco-labelling in Europe Conference... simple eco-labelling systems, there must be debate and discussion on each project so that those involved take responsibility for the environmental impact of their decisions The handbook therefore does not lay down strict do’s or don’ts but instead respects the users of the digest who will have to investigate the complexities of each project, using the handbook where it is relevant 1. 7 GREEN BUILDING 17 References... environmentally friendly products and while only one paint product, so far has a Eco-Label, many more are likely to follow 3 Examples of Green Building 3 .1 Examples of Green Buildings One of the best ways to understand and see the benefits of green building is to visit or read about examples Each will illustrate a range of attempts to achieve green results In most cases, good designers will make it clear that they... Environmental Design Associates 1 Grosvenor Terrace Leeds LS6 2DY Telephone 011 3 278 53 41 3 .1. 2 Centre for Understanding the Environment, Horniman Museum, Dulwich, South London This extension to the Horniman Museum was built to provide educational facilities and displays on local and global environmental issues It was decided that the building itself should be a model of green thinking, displaying energy . the Library of Congress ISBN 0-2 0 3-4 774 0-5 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-2 0 3-7 856 4-9 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-4 1 9-2 269 0-7 (Print Edition) Publisher's. 16 0 10 . Window Frames 2 01 11. Paints and Stains for Joinery 2 21 12. Roofing Materials 235 13 . Rainwater Goods 285 14 . Toilets and Sewage Disposal 305 15 .