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CHECK YOUR VOCABULARY FOR ENGLISH FOR THE EXAMINATION A WORKBOOK FOR STUDENTS by Rawdon Wyatt PETER COLLIN PUBLISHING CHECK YOUR VOCABULARY FOR ENGLISH FOR THE I E L T S EXAMINATION A WORKBOOK FOR STUDENTS by Rawdon Wyatt Peter Collin Publishing First published in Great Britain 2001, reprinted 2002 Published by Peter Collin Publishing Ltd 32-34 Great Peter Street, London, SW1P 2DB © Rawdon Wyatt 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the permission of the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue entry for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 1-901659-60-7 Typesetting and design by The Studio Publishing Services, Exeter EX4 8JN Printed in Italy by Legoprint Workbook Series Check your: Vocabulary for Banking and Finance Vocabulary for Business, 2nd edition Vocabulary for Colloquial English Vocabulary for English: FCE Vocabulary for English: IELTS Vocabulary for English: PET Vocabulary for English: TOEFL Vocabulary for Hotels, Tourism, Catering Vocabulary for Law Vocabulary for Marketing Vocabulary for Medicine, 2nd edition 0-948549-96-3 1-901659-27-5 0-948549-97-1 1-901659-11-9 1-901659-60-7 1-903856-23-X 1-901659-68-2 0-948549-75-0 1-901659-21-6 1-901 659-48-8 1-901659-47-X English Dictionaries English Dictionary for Students 1-901659-06-2 English Study Dictionary 1-901659-64-X Dictionary of Accounting 0-948549-27-0 Dictionary of Agriculture, 2nd edition 0-948549-78-5 Dictionary of American Business, 2nd edition 1-901659-22-4 Dictionary of Automobile Engineering 0-948549-66-1 Dictionary of Banking & Finance, 2nd edition 1-901659-30-5 Dictionary of Business, 3rd edition 1-901659-50-X Dictionary of Computing, 3rd edition 1-901659-04-6 Dictionary of Ecology & Environment, 3rd edition 0-948549-74-2 Dictionary of Government & Politics, 2nd edition 0-948549-89-0 Dictionary of Hotels, Tourism, Catering 0-948549-40-8 Dictionary of Human Resources, 2nd edition 0-948549-79-3 Dictionary of Information Technology, 2nd edition 0-948549-88-2 Dictionary of Law, 3rd edition 1-901659-43-7 Dictionary of Library & Information Management 0-948549-68-8 Dictionary of Marketing, 2nd edition 0-948549-73-4 Dictionary of Medicine, 3rd edition 1-901659-45-3 Dictionary of Printing & Publishing, 2nd edition 0-948549-99-8 Dictionary of Science & Technology 0-948549-67-X II For details about our range of English and bilingual dictionaries and workbooks, please contact: Peter Collin Publishing 32-34 Great Peter Street, London, SW1P 2DB tel: +44 20 7222 1155 fax: +44 20 7222 1551 email: info@petercollin.com website: www.petercollin.com Peter Collin Publishing. (c)2001. For reference, see the English Dictionary for Students (1-901659-06-2) Introduction This workbook has been written for students who are planning to sit either the general training or the academic modules of the IELTS exam. It covers some of the main vocabulary points that you will need for, or come across in, the listening, reading, writing and speaking sections of the exam. We hope that you find the modules in this book useful and that the vocabulary you acquire will help you to achieve the grade you want in the IELTS. Good luck! Structure of the IELTS Workbook Each vocabulary area is presented in the form of a self-contained module with task-based activities which present each vocabulary item in a real context. • Pages 1-48 focus on general vocabulary items which can be used in all aspects of your English. Some of these are relevant to specific tasks in the IELTS exam (for example, describing how something works, writing a letter or describing a table). • Pages 49-95 focus on topic-specific vocabulary areas which may be required in the exam (for example, education, business and industry or global problems). Each module consists of three tasks: the first two present vocabulary items in context, and the third gives you the opportunity to review the vocabulary in the form of a gap-fill exercise. Using the IELTS Workbook You should not go through the modules mechanically. It is better to choose areas that you are unfamiliar with, or areas that you feel are of specific interest or importance to yourself. Vocabulary Record Sheet Remember that you should keep a record of new words and expressions that you learn, and review these from time to time so that they become an active part of your vocabulary. There is a vocabulary record sheet at the back of the book which you can photocopy as many times as you like and use to build up your own personal vocabulary bank. Extending Your Vocabulary Also remember that there are other methods of acquiring new vocabulary. For example, you should read as much as possible from a different variety of authentic reading materials (books, newspapers, magazines, etc). Using an English dictionary To help you learn English, you should use an English dictionary that can clearly define words, provide information about grammar and give sample sentences to show how words are used in context. You can use any good learner's English dictionary with this workbook, but it has been written using the material in the English Dictionary for Students (ISBN 1-901659-06-2), published by Peter Collin Publishing (www.petercollin.com). International English Language Testing System (IELTS) This workbook has been written to help you improve your vocabulary when working towards the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) examination. The IELTS English examination is administered by the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate, The British Council and IDP Education Australia. For further information, visit the www.ucles.org.uk website. Peter Collin Publishing. © 2001. For reference, see the English Dictionary for Students (1-901659-06-2) III about this workbook About this workbook <" contents Contents PAGE TITLE General Vocabulary 1 Condition 2 Changes 4 Describing & analysing tables 6 How something works 7 Writing a letter 8 Presenting an argument 9 Contrast & comparison 10 Location 12 Joining/becoming part of something bigger 13 Reason & result 14 Generalisations & specifics 16 Focusing attention 17 Opinion, attitude & belief 18 Stopping something 19 Time 20 Objects & actions 22 Likes & dislikes 24 Obligation & option 25 Success & failure 26 Ownership, giving, lending & borrowing 27 Groups 28 Around the world 30 Size, quantity & dimension 32 Shape & features 33 Emphasis & misunderstanding 34 Changes 36 Opposites 38 Addition, equation & conclusion 39 Task commands 40 Confusing words & false friends 44 Useful interview expressions 45 Phrasal verbs 46 Phrasal verb record sheet 47 Spelling; commonly misspelled words Topic Specific Vocabulary 49 Education 51 The media 53 Work 56 Money & finance 58 Politics 60 The environment 62 Healthcare PAGE 64 66 68 70 73 75 77 79 82 84 87 90 92 95 97 TITLE Travel Crime & the law Social tensions Science & technology Food & diet Children & the family On the road The arts Town & country Architecture Men & women Geography Business & industry Global problems Vocabulary record sheet Answers 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 Pages 1, 2, 4 Pages 6, 7 Pages 8, 9, 10, 12, 13 Pages 14, 16, 17 Pages 18, 19,20, 22 Pages 24, 25, 26 Pages 27, 28 Page 30, 32, 33, 34 Page 36, 38, 39, 40 Page 44, 47 Page 49, 51 Page 53, 56 Page 58 Page 60, 62 Page 64 Page 66, 68, 70 Page 73, 75 Page 77, 79, 82 Page 84, 87 Page 90, 92 Page 95 120-124 Vocabulary record sheets Peter Collin Publishing. © 2001. For reference, see the English Dictionary for Students (1-901659-06-2) A. Look at these sentences. They all use 'if. Rewrite each sentence, replacing 'if with the words in bold. You may need to remove some of the other words. 1. You can borrow my dictionary if you return it before you go home. providing that 2. You can't go to university if you don't have good grades. unless 3. Pollution will get worse if we continue to live in a throwaway society. as long as 4. Many developed countries are willing to waive the Third World debt if the money is reinvested in education and medicine. on condition that 5. Some countries will never be able to rectify their deficits even if they work very hard. no matter how 6. Computers are difficult things to understand, even if you read a lot of books about them. however many 1. Crime is a problem, even if you go to relatively safe countries. wherever B. Now rewrite each sentence beginning with the words in bold. For example: Providing that you return it before you go home, you can borrow my dictionary. C. Complete these sentences using an appropriate word or expression from above and your own ideas. 1. British universities will accept students from abroad 2. Working for a large company can be a fulfilling experience _ 3. Most banks are happy to lend customers money 4. The government will reduce income tax 5. The environmental situation will continue to worsen 6. There will always be long waiting lists at our hospitals 7. Travelling helps you understand more about the world around you D. Some nouns can be used to express condition. Complete these sentences 1-3 with one of the words from A, B or C. 1. Being able to drive is one of the of the job of salesman. A. prerequirements B. prerequisites C. prescriptions 2. Before you accept a job, it is important that you agree with the of the contract. A. conditionals B. conditions C. conditioners 3. It is a of the university that you attend an interview. requirement B. requisite C. requiem Peter Collin Publishing. © 2001. For reference, see the English Dictionary for Students (1-901659-06-2) 1 general vocabulary Condition general vocabulary Look at the pairs of sentences in 1-20 and choose a verb from the box which can be used with both sentences. In some cases, the meaning of the verb may change slightly. Then use a dictionary to find other objects which can be used with the verbs. adapt • adjust • alter • cure • demote • disappear • dissolve exchange • expand • fade • increase • promote reduce • renew renovate • replace • swell • switch • transform • vary 1. We need to these cars so The country found it hard to . to the disabled people can drive them. new government 2. If the trousers are too tight, take them back to He found it hard to to living in a the shop and ask them to them. tropical country. 3. You must the voltage or the He decided to his appearance by system will blow up. having plastic surgery. 4. Our bills will be less if we from They had to flights at Heathrow gas to electricity. Airport. 5. You can't the terms of the He wants to his appearance. contract once it has been signed. 6. It will help your digestion if you Prices of flats _ from a few thousand your diet to millions of pounds. 7. We need to our pounds for You can usually — goods which are dollars. faulty if you show the receipt. 8. We have had to our sales force Water will when it is frozen. to cope with the extra demand. 9. The price of oil will next year. Most bosses refuse to salaries when they are asked. Peter Collin Publishing. © 2001. For reference, see the English Dictionary for Students {1-901659-06-2) 2 Changes general vocabulary 10. The management decided to . the the sugar in boiling water. company and sell the offices. 11. More and more people are moving to cities to The wasp sting caused his leg to up. the population there. 12. The market for typewriters will probably The police are baffled by the increasing number completely in the next few years. of people who each year. 13. The old contract ran out and we had to Many people argue that it's futile to it. old hostilities. 14. They have received funds to the We need to the central heating as old buildings. it is old and worn out. 15. The boss offered to him from Our main aim is to __ tourism in the salesman to manager. country. 16. They wanted to me from If we you, you will lose a large part manager to salesperson. of your salary. 17. If you wash it too much, the colour will We watched the islands away into . the distance. 18. The company decided to , the You must the books on the shelf permanent staff with freelancers. when you have finished with them. 19. The doctors were unable to her the meat in salt water for between illness. three and five days. 20. Governments are trying to The best way to save money is to pollution. the number of staff. Peter Collin Publishing. © 2001. For reference, see the English Dictionary for Students (1-901659-06-2) 3 Changes general vocabulary Describing & analysing tables A. Look at the four tables below. These show demographic trends in four different countries between 1996 and 2000. The numbers on the left and right of each table show the number of people in millions. Using the information in these tables, match sentences 1-13 on the next page with the appropriate country. Use the words and expressions in bold to help you. Number of people under 18 years of age Number of people over 65 years of age Number of deaths Number of married people Number of single people Country 1: Lycia 1996 Country 2: Cilica 50 1998 2000 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Country 3: Moesia 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Country 4: Cappadocia 50 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Peter Collin Publishing. © 2001. For reference, see the English Dictionary for Students (1-901659-06-2) 4 Describing & analysing tables general vocabulary Describing & analysing tables 1. In which two countries was there a considerable discrepancy between married and single people between 1996 and 1998? 2. In which country was there a constant and considerable discrepancy between married and single people over the five-year period? 3. In which country was there a sudden and noticeable difference between those under 18 and those over 65 in 1998? 4. In which country did the number of under-18s rise dramatically between 1996 and 2000? 5. In which country did the number of under-18s increase slightly between 1996 and 2000? 6. In which country did the number of over-65s go up sharply between 1996 and 1998? 7. In which country did the number of married people decline over the five-year period? 8. In which country did the number of deaths decrease significantly between 1996 and 1999? 9. In which country was there a slight decline in the number of married people between 1998 and 1999? 10. In which country was there a sharp drop in the number of under-18s between 1997 and 1998? 11. In which country was there a slight reduction in the number of deaths over the five-year period? 12. In which country was there a significant increase in the number of deaths between 1998 and 2000? 13. In which country did the number of deaths remain constant over the five-year period? B. Now look at the table below, which shows the changes in economic activity in a town over a period of five years. The figures on the left and right show the number of people involved in these activities, in thousands. Write your own sentences to describe the situation in the town regarding the number of: 1. People employed in industry between 1996 and 2000, 2. People employed in retail between 1996 and 2000. 3. People employed in public services between 1999 and 2000. 4. People employed in tourism between 1996 and 2000. 5. Unemployed between 1998 and 2000. 6. People employed in industry compared with those in tourism in 1996. 7. People employed in industry between 1998 and 1999. Number of people in industry Number of people Number of semi-skilled / skilled Number of people in retail people in public services (including in tourism police, doctors, bus drivers, etc.) Number of unemployed 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Peter Collin Publishing. © 2001. For reference, see the English Dictionary for Students (1-901659-06-2) 5 Describing & analysing tables [...]... word in a sentence of your own Don't forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible 15 Peter Collin Publishing © 2001 For reference, see the English Dictionary for Students (1-901659-06-2) general vocabulary Focusing attention A Rearrange the letters in bold to form words which are used... is about 10 miles (approximately 16 kilometres) from your home town Don't forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible 11 Peter Collin Publishing © 2001 For reference, see the English Dictionary for Students (1-901659-06-2) general vocabulary Joining/becoming part of something bigger... letter? A Yours faithfully B Yours sincerely C Best wishes 11 You did not begin the letter with the recipient's name (see number 1 above) How do you end the letter? A Yours faithfully B Yours sincerely C Best wishes B Look at these sentences and decide if they are true or false 1 Formal letters are always longer than informal letters 2 In a formal letter it is acceptable to use colloquial English, slang... idioms 3 In a formal letter it is acceptable to use contractions (e.g., I've instead of I have) 4 In a formal letter you should include your name and address at the top of the page 5 In a formal letter, you should always write the date in full (e.g., 1 April 2000 and not 1/4/00) 6 In a formal letter, you should always put your full name (e.g., James Harcourt and not J Harcourt) after your signature... 12 January for B I would like to remind you of the order you sent on 12 January for C refer to your order of 12 January 9 In a letter, you explain that the recipient can contact you if they want more information What do you say? A Give me a call if you want some more information B If you would like any more information, please do not hesitate to contact me C If you would like any more information,... buys computer components from your company, and you are now replying What do you say? A Thank you for your letter B Thanks a lot for your letter C It was great to hear from you 3 general vocabulary Writing a letter You recently stayed in a hotel and were very unhappy with the service you received You are now writing to the manager What do you say? A I had a horrible time at your hotel recently B I would... Collin Publishing © 2001 For reference, see the English Dictionary for Students (1-901659-06-2) general vocabulary Likes & dislikes A Look at the words and expressions in the box and decide if they have a positive connotation (for example, they tell us that somebody likes something) or a negative connotation (for example, they tell us that somebody dislikes something) loathe • yearn for • passionate about... look forward to hearing from you soon B To hearing from you soon I look forward 9 A It is a well-known fact that students dread exams B It is a well-known fact that exams are dreaded by students 22 Peter Collin Publishing © 2001 For reference, see the English Dictionary for Students (1-901659-06-2) 10 A Most children long for the long summer holiday to arrive B The long summer holiday is longed for. .. thing I cannot bear is getting up early in the morning Don't forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible 23 Peter Collin Publishing © 2001 For reference, see the English Dictionary for Students (1-901659-06-2) general vocabulary Obligation & option A Look at sentences 1-10 and decide... notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible 14 Peter Collin Publishing © 2002 For reference, see the English Dictionary for Students (1-901659-06-2) SECOND LIST A Please let me have the specifics as soon as possible general vocabulary Generalisations & specifics B It's very frustrating when a minor technicality puts a stop to your plans C In the same way, kimchii is . Vocabulary for English: IELTS Vocabulary for English: PET Vocabulary for English: TOEFL Vocabulary for Hotels, Tourism, Catering Vocabulary for Law Vocabulary for. Series Check your: Vocabulary for Banking and Finance Vocabulary for Business, 2nd edition Vocabulary for Colloquial English Vocabulary for English: FCE Vocabulary