Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Ex: I was watching TV When my mother went home Hành động dài hơn dùng QKTT, hành động ngắn hơn cắt ngang hành động dài sẽ dùng QKĐ - Diễn tả 2 hành động cùng xảy ra tại 1 thời điểm xác đ[r]
(1)ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP TIẾNG ANH HKII A Từ vựng : Từ bài – 16 B Ngữ pháp: I The present perfect tense (thì hoàn thành) Công thức: (+) S + have/ has + P.P (-) S + have / has + not + P.P (?) Have/ Has + S + P.P .? Yes, S + have/ has No, S + haven‟t/ hasn‟t Cách dùng: - Diễn tả việc vừa xảy Ex: She has just arrived at the airport They have begun a new English class recently - Diễn tả việc xảy không nhớ rõ thời gian Ex: I have already seen that play Have you ever been to New York? He has not repaired his car yet? - Diễn tả việc đã xảy quá khứ và còn liên quan đến Ex: I have lived in Vinh city since 2004 I have lived in Vinh city for years Các từ kèm: Just, since, for, recently, yet, never, ever, already, before, so far, it‟s the first/ second time…, up to now, up to the present, till now(cho tới bây giờ)… * Vị trí các từ: - Just, never, ever, already đứng sau have/ has - Yet, before đứng cuối câu * Notes: yet: dùng câu phủ định và câu hỏi For + khoảng thời gian Since + mốc thời gian quá khứ II The past continuous tense (thì quá khứ tiếp diễn) Công thức: (+)S + was/ were + V-ing… (-) S + was/ were + not + V-ing… (?) Was/ Were + S + V-ing ? Yes, S + was/ were No, S + was/ were + not Cách dùng - Diễn tả hành động diễn thời điểm xác định quá khứ Ex: I was watching TV at o‟clock last night - Diễn tả hành động xảy thì hành động khác cắt ngang (dùng với „when‟) Ex: I was watching TV When my mother went home (Hành động dài dùng QKTT, hành động ngắn cắt ngang hành động dài dùng QKĐ) - Diễn tả hành động cùng xảy thời điểm xác định quá khứ (dùng với „while‟) Ex: My father was reading a newspaper while I was watching TV Các từ kèm: At o‟clock last night, at this time last week/ month/ year, when, while, … Một số từ không chia thì tiếp diễn Hear, know, understand, have, love, like, want, prefer, need, wish… III The present continuous tense with „always‟(thì tiếp diễn với „always‟) Mang ý nghĩa phàn nàn, than phiền điều gì đó Ex: - You are always getting up late in winter - Tom is always talking in class S + am/ is / are + always + V ing (2) IV It‟s + adjective + to-V (chủ ngữ giả „It‟) - It‟s dangerous to swim in that river (Bơi song này thật nguy hiểm) - It‟s easy to learn English (Học tiếng Anh thật dễ) - It‟s difficult to this exercise (Làm bài tập này khó) Các từ thường gặp It‟s + easy, difficult, hard, dangerous, important, necessary, interesting, nice, great… It‟s + adj + to V… = To V + to be + adj = V-ing + to be + adj … EX: It‟s hard to this test = To this test is hard = Doing this test is hard V Phrase of purpose (cụm từ mục đích) so as (not) to + VØ = in order (not) to + VØ = to + VØ Ex: - I study hard in order to pass the exam - I study hard so as to pass the exam - I learn hard in order not to / so as not to fail the exam VI V-ing and V-ed participles (hiện phân từ và quá khứ phân từ „-ed‟ & „-ing‟) Có loại cụm phân từ : Present Participle Phrases và Past Participle Phrases Present Participle Phrases: diễn tả ý làm gì Ex: - The boy standing over there is Jack - The dogs barking in the garden are black Past Participle Phrases: diễn tả ý thụ động (Passive) Ex: - The ruler made from plastic cans is dollars - The house painted blue is Hoa‟s VII Câu đề nghị với „Would/Do you mind…?‟ Nếu muốn nhờ đó làm gì đó giúp mình : Do you mind +V-ing Would you mind Ex: - Do / Would you mind opening the window? (Phiền bạn mở dùm tôi cánh cửa sổ) - Do / Would you mind passing me a book? (Phiền bạn đưa giúp tôi sách) * Đồng ý Never mind; No, I don‟t mind; No, of course not; Not at all; No problem * Không đồng ý I‟m sorry, I can‟t; I‟m afraid, I can‟t; I‟m sorry, that is not possible Nếu muốn xin phép để mình làm gì đó : Do you mind if I + VØ Would you mind if I + V-ed / cột Ex: - Do you mind if I open the window? (Tôi mở cửa sổ có phiền bạn không?) - Would you mind if I opened the window? (Tôi mở cửa sổ có phiền bạn không?) * Đồng ý No, I don‟t mind; No, of course not; Not at all; No problem; Please do; Please go ahead * Không đồng ý I‟d prefer you didn‟t; I‟d rather you didn‟t VIII Pasive voice (thể bị động) Cách chuyển tư câu chủ động sang bị động: S+V+O S + be + P.P + by + O a Câu thì đơn: S + V-s/-es + O S + am/ is/ are + P.P + by+ O Ex: The workers make the pens The pens are made by workers (3) b Câu thì quá khứ đơn: S + V-ed/ cột + O S + was / were + P.P + by + O EX: I visited my grandparents last week My grandparents were visited last week (by me) c Câu thì hoàn thành: S + have/ has + V-ed/ cột + O S + have/ has + been + P.P + by+ O Ex: They have built these houses since last week These houses have been built since last week (by them) d Câu dùng với động từ khiếm khuyết: S+ modal + V + O S + modal + be + P.P + by +O Ex:He can mend this bike This bike can be mended by him Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động - Xác định chủ ngữ, động từ và túc từ (tân ngữ) câu chủ động - Túc từ câu chủ động đưa xuống chuyển thánh chủ ngữ câu bị động - Viết „be‟ thì động từ chính câu chủ động - Viết động từ chính câu bị động dạng quá khứ phân từ (P.P) - Chủ ngữ câu chủ động chuyển thành túc từ câu bị động (viết sau chữ „by‟) - Nếu chủ ngữ là đại từ nhân xưng (I, you, we, they, he, she, it) đại từ bất định (someone, everyone…) ta có thể bỏ chuyển câu thành thể bị động - Đối với động từ khiếm khuyết câu bị động, ta them „be‟ vào giữ động từ khiếm khuyết và động từ chính (đang dạng P.P) IX Reported speech (câu tường thuật) * Câu trực tiếp: là câu nói thuật lại theo đúng nguyen văn người nói (nằm ngoặc kép “”) Ex: Tom said “I go to school” * Câu gián tiếp: Dùng lời mình để thuật lại lời người khác (không còn dấu “”) Ex: Tom said he goes to school * Những thay đổi chuyển câu từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp - Đổi ngôi, đổi thì, từ thời gian và nơi chốn theo quy tắc - Nếu mệnh đề ngoài “” thì HTĐ không lùi thì “” - Nếu mệnh đề ngoài “” thì QKĐ lùi thì “” Ex: - Tom said “I go to school” Tom said he went to school (S = Tom I he; said = QKĐ go went) - He said to me “You can take my book” He said (that) I could take his book” („you‟ người nghe „me‟ đổi „you‟ thành „I‟; said = QKĐ can could; „my book‟ sách người nói đổi „my‟ thành „his‟) * Các từ thời gian cần chuyển đổi Trực tiếp Gián tiếp This That These Those Here There Now Then/ at one/ immediately (4) Ago Before Today That day Tonight That night Tomorrow The next/ following day Yesterday The day before/ the previous day Last night/ week/ month/ year The night/ week/ month/ year before the previous night… Next week/ month/ year The following week/ month/ year Các dạng cấu trúc chuyển sang câu gián tiếp Statements: câu trần thuật, phát biểu * Cách chuyển - Lặp lại từ „said/say‟ - Bỏ ngoặc kép - Đổi đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu, trạng từ thời gian, nơi chốn (nếu cần thiết) * Công thức: Trực tiếp: S + said “Clause” Gián tiếp: S + said + (that) Clause (lùi thì) EX: Lan said “I am a student” Lan said (that) she was a student Orders, requests, commands, advice: câu yêu cầu, đề nghị, khuyên bảo * Cách chuyển - Đổi „say(s) tell(s)/ ask(s); said told/ asked/ advised (nếu có „should‟)‟, sau đó thêm túc từ theo sau đó + to VØ (say to S.O = tell/ask S.O), bỏ “”, !, please (nếu có) - Đổi đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu, trạng từ thời gian, nơi chốn (nếu cần thiết) * Công thức: + Khẳng định: Trực tiếp: S + say/ said “VØ… !” Gián tiếp: S + ask/asked + O + to + VØ… EX: She said, “Close the books, please!” She asked the students to close the books + Khẳng định: Trực tiếp: S + say/ said “Don‟t + VØ … !” Gián tiếp: S + ask/asked + O + not + to + VØ EX: She said “Don‟t sit down!” She told me not to sit down Yes/No questions: câu hỏi Yes/No * Cách chuyển - Đổi „said asked‟, sau đó thêm túc từ sau (nếu cần thiết), bỏ dấu “”,? - Đặt „if/whether‟ lên trước chủ ngữ câu gián tiếp + động từ (lùi thì) - Đổi đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu, trạng từ thời gian, nơi chốn (nếu cần thiết) * Công thức: Trực tiếp: S + say/ said “Yes/No qs?” Gián tiếp: S + ask/asked + O + if/ whether + S + V- lùi thì … EX: Hoa said to me “Do you go to school?” Hoa asked me if/ whether I went to school EX: Mary said to Nam “Can you speak English?” Mary asked Nam if/ whether he could speak English (5) X Compound words with Noun-V-ing / to-infinitive (danh từ ghép/ cụm to-infinitive) Questions words before to-infinitives: Wh-word + to-infinitive * Các động từ thường dung cấu trúc này: tell, show, point out, learn … Ex: - He told me what to - He showed us how to open the box - He pointed out where to get tickets Verb + to-infinitive * Các động từ thường dung cấu trúc này: start, begin, decide, want, try, manage, would like, agree, … Ex: - I want to buy a new shirt - He decided to go home - They started to run Compound words with noun – V-ing Ex: - Fire- making contest - Rice-cooking festival - Clothes-washing machine C Exercises I Choose the correct words or phrases to fill in the blanks: She hasn‟t finished the letter _ (already / yet / never) Lan‟s studying hard pass the final exam (as to / in order to) Do you mind the window? (close / closing / to close) I am happy all the exams (to pass / passing / pass) Finally, we decided _ to the concert (going / go / to go) The boy next to Hoa is a new comer (sits / sitting / to sit) 7.Would you mind if I _ you a question (asking / to ask / asked) Ba _ a shower at o‟clock last night (is talking / was talking) He he was a plumber.(says / said / to say) 10 It is a _ contest (cooking - rice / riced - cooking / rice – cooking) 11 an apple by me (are eaten / is eaten / was eaten) 12 Last week, our school held (a contest arranging – flower / an arranging – flower contest / a flower – arranging contest) 13 Would you mind if I _ off the light (turning / turn / turned) 14 Empty milk bottles are by the milkmen in Britain (collect / collecting / collected) 15 Can I get you some medicine? This sentence is a(n) _ (offer / request / promise) 16 He wants to the park (goes / to go / go to) 17 We are watching a _ on TV (fighting – bull festival / bull – fighting festival / festival bull fighting) 18 A: Could you call an ambulance, please? B: (all right / yes, please / I‟m glad) 19 The school gate at 5.30 PM every day (lock / locks / is locked) 20 This is a picture of Mount Rushmore where a heads of a four American presidents are into the rock (put / carved / cut) 21 I can see a boy a water buffalo (ride / riding / to ride) 22 It is _ to travel around Vietnam (interesting / interested / interestedly) 23 Cool the burns immediately so as to tissue damage (ease / relieve / minimize) 24 Milk bottles can be _ after being cleaned (recycled / thrown away / broken / reused) 25 We are looking forward to _ you in May (seeing / see / to see / be seen) 26 The Pyramid of Cheops is one of the seven of the world (pyramids / temples / wonders) 27 Angkor Wat _ around 1100 to honor a Hindu God (is built / was built / has been built) 28 What is a _ contest? (fire – making / fires – making / fire – make) 29 Do you mind if I here? (sitting / to sit / sit) 30 The boy a book is Ba (reading / read / to read) 31 I _ Cuba in 1990 (visit / visited / have visited) (6) 32 Don‟t forget to give the victim a cup of tea when he (revives / revive / reviving) 33 It‟s _ to travel around Vietnam (interesting / interested / interest) 34 Millions of Christmas cards every year (were sent / are sent / send / is sending) 35 Lan likes _ to music (listened / listens / listening) II Write complete sentences: Sydney Opera House / complete / 1973 _ Nhi asked Nga / she know / My Son You / finish / homework / yet, Ba? _ The Le family / sleep / when / the mailman / come _ We / delighted / you / interested / protect / environment _ While / I / dinner / phone / ring _ When / the poem / write? The celebration / will / hold / tomorrow _ They / play / tennis /10.30 yesterday morning _ 10 I / have / wonderful time / Sydney _ 11 Eiffel Tower / design / Alexander Gustavo Eiffel / 1889 _ 12 I / like / learn English 13 She / often / use / it / for reading _ 14 Last week / she / buy / English – Vietnamese dictionary _ 15 She / always / want / improve her English III Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first: Do you want to visit Ho Chi Minh City? She asked me _? The cats has broken many bowls and dishes Many bowls and _ Could you send the letter for me? Would you mind ? Clement Clarke Moore wrote the poem in 1823 The poem _ “We are waiting for the school bus”, said the children The children said _ The last time I played tennis was 2003 I haven’t _ She said: “Can you speak Spanish, Minh?” She _ I asked Nam: “Are free tonight?” I He said to me: “ I don‟t know what Lan is doing” He 10 Ba invited Liz to the rice – cooking festival Liz _ IV Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the verb in brackets Last night, I _ (walk) along a country road when suddenly I _ (hear) footsteps behind me A new supermarket _ (build) next year They _ (hold) the rice – cooking festival every two years Nga advised Nhi how _ (go) from My Son to Hoi An The rice – cooking festival _ (hold) every two years The letter _ (post) a week ago and it _ (arrive) yesterday (7) My mother _ (wait) for me when I _ (come) home The light _ (go) out while we (have) dinner “What _ you (do) this time yesterday?” 10 It suddenly _ (begin) to rain while Laura _(sit) in the garden 11 It is late, so we decided _ (take) a taxi home 12 It started (rain) when they left home 13 Don‟t forget (turn off) the lights before (go) out 14 I _ (have) to go to the dentist last Sunday 15 Ann _ (do) her homework at o‟clock this morning 16 Would you mind if I (open) the door 17 Nga told Nhi what _ (do) there during the visit V Change the following sentences into passive voice: They performed Christmas songs for people in towns Mr Thanh didn‟t teach me last year Does Viet Nam export rice to many countries? They have just built a new church near my house Somebody must something for these poor men People speak English and French in Canada People say that he is the best doctor _ Bell invented the telephone in 1876 They will laugh at you wear that silly hat _ 10 My grandfather built this house over 40 years ago VI Change these sentences into active voice : They will be helped by the kind man French isn‟t taught in this school _ Was this piece of music written by Mozart? The Christmas trees were decorated and put at the front door My camera was stolen from my hotel room a few days ago Most of the questions can be answered by Nam _ A new supermarket is going to be built next year _ How often are these animals fed? VII Rewrite these sentences, using reported speech: He said to us “You are my best friends” _ Nam said “Lan wants to come here but she isn‟t very well” He said to friends “I must go home now” Lan said “I don‟t know how to these exercises” Nien asked Hoa “Do you have many friends?” Thanh said to her teacher “I will finish my exercises at home” Tom said “I am student.” Nga to her brother “I can‟t answer this question” _ Charles said “I‟m living in London now.” _ 10 Johnny said to me “I don‟t know what Fred is doing.” 11 She said “I will answer the phone.” 12 July said “John wants to come here” 13 Susan said “My sister is coming to see me next week.” 14 Judy said to me “I‟ll phone you when I get back.” _ 15 Jane told me “Are you tired?” (8) VIII Combine each pair of sentences, using in oder (not) to or so as (not) to : He always drives carefully He doesn‟t want to cause accidents The boy stood on the benches They want to get a better view Nam is studying very hard He wants to keep pace with his classmates We turned out the lights We didn‟t want to waste electricity He moved to the front row He could hear the speaker better I wish to have enough money I want to buy a new house Thanh and Na are going to Australia They want to learn English We hurried to school We didn‟t want to be late T went to the college I wanted to see Professor Taylor 10 She wore warm clothes She didn‟t want to get cold IX Combine each pair of sentences, using present participle (V-ing) or past participle (V-ed): The baby is crying for her mother She is sitting in an armchair The boy is talking to your mom He is my little brother Do you know the man? The man is talking to Tom The window has been repaired It was broken last night The taxi broke down It was taking us to the airport The end ! (9)