The quality of google translate’svietnamese translations of english idioms with words denoting time

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY VÕ MỸ THƯ THE QUALITY OF GOOGLE TRANSLATE’S VIETNAMESE TRANSLATIONS OF ENGLISH IDIOMS WITH WORDS DENOTING TIME Field: English Linguistics Code: 8.22.02.01 Supervisor: Dr Le Nhan Thanh BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN VÕ MỸ THƯ CHẤT LƯỢNG DỊCH CÁC THÀNH NGỮ CHỨA TỪ CHỈ THỜI GIAN TỪ TIẾNG ANH SANG TIẾNG VIỆT CỦA GOOGLE TRANSLATE Chuyên ngành: Ngôn ngữ Anh Mã số: 8.22.02.01 Người hướng dẫn: TS LÊ NHÂN THÀNH i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I hereby confirm that the thesis entitled “The quality of Google Translate’s Vietnamese translations of English idioms with words denoting time” is the result of my work except for the reference mentioned in the thesis This thesis has not been submitted for any degree or other institutions Quy Nhon, October,2020 Performer Võ Mỹ Thư ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The fulfillment of this thesis is thanks to the encouragement and efforts of many people to whom I would like to pay my gratitude to First and foremost, I would like to sincerely express my innermost gratitude to my supervisor, Dr Le Nhan Thanh, who I am deeply indebted for the continuous support, patience, immense motivation, and valuable guidance to accomplish this work Without his persistent help, this study could not have been possible The knowledge and experience gained from doing the MA course have been priceless to my studying and career Besides, I wish to express my special thanks to all the lecturers who are in charge of training for the 21st MA course at Quy Nhon University for having transmitted immense knowledge and creating a friendly and constructive environment during the course I am also extremely thankful to my close friends and colleagues who always give encouragement and energy to overcome difficulties during the time I attended the MA course Last but not least, I would like to express my profound gratitude to my warmhearted family members for their love, care, and support which are sources of motivation for me to attempt to complete this thesis iii ABSTRACT Google Translate is the most pervasive online translation tool used in the current time In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in evaluating the quality of GT in different genres However, far too little attention has been paid to GT‟s quality in idiom translation; this study aims to investigate the quality of GT‟s Vietnamese translations of English idioms with words denoting time in terms of translation errors Accordingly, the study examined the translation error types committed by GT and their corresponding frequency In an attempt to achieve this aim, both the qualitative and quantitative approaches are employed to analyze the data GT‟s Vietnamese translations of 128 English idioms with words denoting time were analyzed based on the conceptual framework on translation error proposed by Nord (1997) including four types of translation errors: pragmatic errors, cultural errors, linguistic errors, and text-specific errors The translation errors found in GT translations and their occurrences are used for translation quality assessment The results indicate that GT could not achieve the expected accuracy in translating pure and semi idioms with figurative meanings, and GT shows better quality in translating literal idioms than pure idioms In addition, among the four translation error types, pragmatic errors are the most common error committed by GT in Vietnamese translations of English idioms Some suggestions and implications are proposed for teachers and students majoring in translation, translators, and researchers who are interested in the related field iv TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii ABBREVIATIONS vi LIST OF TABLES vii CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 RATIONALE 1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1.2.1.Aim 1.2.2.Objectives 1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 1.6 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Translation 2.1.1 Definition 2.1.2 Translation process 2.1.3 Types of translation 11 2.1.4 Machine translation 14 2.1.5 Google Translate 16 2.1.6 Translation errors 19 2.1.7 Translation Quality Assessment 25 2.2 Idioms 27 2.2.1 Definitions of idioms 27 2.2.2 Classification of idioms 29 2.2.3 Idioms denoting time 31 v 2.2.4 Idioms translations 31 2.3 Previous studies 33 CHAPTER METHODOLOGY 37 3.1 Research methods 37 3.2 Data collection 39 3.3 Data analysis 43 CHAPTER FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 46 4.1 Translation errors in Google Translate‟s Vietnamese translations of English idioms 46 4.1.1 No translation errors 47 4.1.2 Pragmatic translation errors 50 4.1.4 Cultural translation errors 57 4.1.5 Text-specific translation errors 62 4.1.6 Special cases in translation errors 65 4.2 Frequency of translation error types in Google Translate‟s Vietnamese translations according to idiom types 68 CHAPTER CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 71 5.1 Summary of findings 71 5.2 Limitations 73 5.3 Implications 74 5.4 Suggestions for further research 75 REFERENCES APPENDICES vi ABBREVIATIONS CE cultural translation errors GT Google Translate IT idioms with words denoting time LE linguistic translation errors LI literal idioms MT Machine Translation NE no error PE pragmatic translation errors PI pure idioms SI semi-idioms SL source language TE text-specific translation errors TL target language TQA translation quality assessment vii LIST OF TABLES Number Table 2.1 Table 2.2 Table 2.3 Table 3.1 Table 3.2 Table 3.3 Table 4.1 Table 4.2 Table 4.3 Table 4.4 Table 4.5 Table 4.6 Table 4.7 Names of tables 109 languages supported by Google Translate (Google 2020) Identifiable characteristics of translation errors Types of idioms (McCarthy and O‟Dell, 2003, p.6) Sample Data Storage (English Idioms and Vietnamese translations from Google Translate in sentences) Translation errors for analyzing with reference examples The numbers of errors translation in each idioms types committed by GT Occurrences of translation errors types committed by GT The number of occurrences of no translation errors in each idiom type The number of occurrences of the pragmatic errors in each idiom type The number of occurrences of linguistic translation errors in each idiom type The number of occurrences of cultural errors in each idiom type The number of occurrences of the Text-specific translation errors in each idiom type The number of translation errors in each idiom type committed by GT Page 18 25 30 42 44 45 47 47 50 55 58 63 68 viii LIST OF FIGURES Number Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2 Figure 2.3 Figure 2.4 Names of figures Translation process (Larson, 1984, p 4) Timeline of MT evolution (Maučec & Donaj, 2019) Google Translate graphical user interface Classification of translation errors (Vilar et al., 2006, p 699) Figure 4.1 Occurrences of translation errors according to idioms types Page 14 17 21 69 70 relatively high, and it can achieve the acceptability, accuracy, and fluency in the Vietnamese translations This chapter presents the number of translation errors done by GT in the Vietnamese translations of English idioms along with examples and the discussion on the results The next chapter summarizes the main findings found in chapter and the possible implications inferred from the results 71 CHAPTER CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This final chapter gives a summary of the main findings on GT translation quality based on the analysis of translation errors Then, the limitations of the paper are pointed out and several implications and suggestions for further investigating the related topic are also presented 5.1 Summary of findings As previously presented, the current study “the quality of Google Translate’s Vietnamese translations of English idioms with words denoting time” was conducted to find the answer for three questions (1) What errors can be found in Google Translate‟s Vietnamese translations of the English idioms with words that denote time? (2) What kinds of errors can be found in Google Translate‟s Vietnamese translations of these English idioms? and (3) What is the frequency of each of the translation error types found in Google Translate‟s Vietnamese translations of these English idioms? The general aim of the present research was to examine the quality of Google Translate‟s Vietnamese translations of English idioms with words that denote time From the analysis of the study, the main findings of the study are summarized as follows: In terms of idiom types, the total number of translation errors occurring in three types of idioms indicates that pure idioms type is the group having the most errors Whereas, GT committed fewer errors or no errors when translating semi idioms and literal idioms This outcome proves that Google Translate performs a low capacity when dealing with figurative expressions It is concluded that GT‟s translation quality of literal idioms is better than those of semi-idioms and pure idioms As regards translation errors, the distribution of four errors shows 72 that the common translation error in three idioms type is the pragmatic translation error This kind of error dominates the others with a significantly high number This finding indicates that GT fails to transfer the contextual meaning, the implied messages, and the cultural background of the source language into the target language Therefore, pragmatic elements are the most problematic factors causing mismatches between the two sources of idioms and make the target translations incomprehensible for the readers This incompetence of GT in adjusting or conforming to appropriate target communicative situations shows its low quality in translating non-literal genre Considering the frequencies and percentages of the occurrence of each translation error in three idioms types, it can be seen that, pragmatic errors are the major error in both pure and semi-idioms Besides, linguistics error is the second-highest group facing three groups On the contrary, text-specific translation errors account for the lowest number of errors in Vietnamese translations committed by GT In light of the idioms theory, GT cannot achieve the correctness in translating pure idioms since their meanings are figurative and different from the meanings of individual components Literal idioms are more easily predicted based on the exact meanings of their constituent parts The conclusion derived from this finding is that GT shows its better quality in translating linguistics units rather than metaphoric expressions Literal idioms are considered as the group with the lowest translation errors among the four mentioned errors type It can be seen that GT mostly translate idioms literally In other words, almost all English idioms are translated word by word without regarding the contextual elements, the target readers, the target cultural background, or the implied messages from the 73 source language This shows that GT lacks of corpora in both English and Vietnamese lexicon, cultural background, social context, etc As a result, GT just shows the acceptability and accuracy in translating literal expressions while it cannot convey the communicative function of the figurative expressions It can conclude that GT is the systematically literal translation from word to word and the source language items are mostly translated out of the context Therefore, the overall quality of GT translations is considered not good In conclusion, the analysis of the original English idioms and the corresponding GT‟s Vietnamese translations with the comparison to the suggested references from the researcher has revealed a number of mismatches in functional elements, communicative purpose, target language, and cultural background As a result, these errors change or distort the meaning of the intended messages and therefore, make GT‟s translation quality unreliable The findings gave the explanation for three mentioned research questions and supported the aim of the study 5.2 Limitations Although great efforts were made to complete my study, the findings of this current study are unavoidably limited to certain degrees due to the limited time, scope, and experience in doing scientific research Firstly, the study has just analyzed the translation errors in GT translations of English idioms with words denoting time, while other idioms were not analyzed Therefore, the findings cannot be generalized to all cases of idioms Secondly, due to the limit of data sources, the data were limited to 128 idioms with their illustrations in sentences Therefore, the errors and occurrences in this data may not extensive enough to provide the most accurate and comprehensive judgment of the quality of GT in translating English-Vietnamese idioms 74 5.3 Implications The present study was conducted to examine the translation errors in GT‟s Vietnamese translation of English idioms Hopefully, the findings of this study will offer contributions to English teachers and learners as well as for those who are interested in translation Firstly, the findings of this thesis give teachers and learners a deepen understanding of the translation errors committed by GT in idiomatic translations of English-Vietnamese pairs Taking these mentioned errors into consideration when teaching idioms translation, teachers can require their students to pay more attention to the context and the functional aspect of the idioms rather than the literal meanings of individual words Moreover, teachers and learners are also provided insights into GT‟s quality in translating each type of idioms Teachers and students are supposed to aware of potential errors to avoid such problems when translating idioms and students should just take the GT‟s translation as a reference for consulting Thirdly, these results are beneficial to teachers and learners in practical usage of idioms in English material and authentic English texts Besides, more frequent learning and using idioms expression also helps teachers and learners master the English linguistics proficiency and explore more about English conventions and cultures Secondly, regarding the benefits of translators, the results of this thesis give translators clear evidence of GT‟s translation errors as well as the overview of GT quality in idioms translations Specifically, GT helps translators boost their process of learning in terms of literal translations of texts with acceptable and relatively accurate outcomes However, it is advisable that translation should wary of GT‟s translation of figurative items or similar genres Since GT cannot achieve the accuracy and fluency in such 75 non-literal text, translators should just consult these unreliable translations as references and make any changes to conform to the target context, cultural background without distorting the intended meanings Finally, these results also give evidence for those who work in technology and linguistic fields to supplement larger-scale of references related to idioms to improve the overall quality of GT in idioms translation, especially in English-Vietnamese pair by building the parallel corpora for statistical machine translation in the future 5.4 Suggestions for further research In light of the limitations of the study, some recommendations for further research are as follows: Firstly, this thesis just focuses on idioms with words denoting time Therefore, further researches are proposed to study on a larger scale to generalize the quality of GT in non-literal genre Secondly, the present study examined the quality of GT‟s translation in idiomatic expressions based on translation errors Further studies on investigating the translation errors in another non-literal genre such as collocations, phrasal verbs, or sayings should be encouraged Thirdly, GT is constantly being improved In fact, the same sentence but translated by GT at two different times can have two different translations Therefore, it is proposed that this study should be re-conducted at another time to evaluate changes in translation quality of Google Translate quality in translating English idioms to Vietnamese 76 REFERENCES [1] Aiken, M., & Balan, S (2011) An analysis of Google Translate accuracy Translation Journal, 16(2) Retrieved December 20, 2019, from http://translationjournal.net/journal/56google.htm [2] Albir, A (1995) La didáctica de la traducción Evolución y estado actual Perspectivas de La Traducción Valladolid: Universidad de Valladolid, 49-74 [3] Almeida, F., Superior, I., Gaya, P., Queirós, A., & Faria, D (2017) Strengths and limitations of qualitative and quantitative research methods European Journal of Education Studies, 3(9), 370-371 [4] Amir, S (2012) Translation of idioms and fixed expressions: Strategies and difficulties Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2(6), 12201229 [5] Arnold, D., Balkan, L., Meijer, S., Humphreys, R L., & Sadler, L (1994) Machine translation: An introductory guide NCC Blackwell Ltd: London [6] Awwad, M (1990) Equivalence and translatability of English and Arabic idioms Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics, 26(57), 57-67 [7] Baker, M (1992) In other words: A coursebook on translation Routledge London [8] Baorong, W (2009) Translating publicity texts in the light of the skopos theory Translation Journal, 13(1) Retrieved from http://translationjournal.net/journal/47skopos.htm [9] Bell, R T (1991) Translation and translating: Theory and Practice London & New York: Longman 77 [10] Bryman, A (2004) Qualitative research on leadership: A critical but appreciative review The Leadership Quarterly, 15(6), 729-769 [11] Catford, J C (1965) Language and Language Learning: A Linguistic Theory of Translation London: Oxford University Press [12] Cole, F L (1988) Content analysis: process and application Clinical Nurse Specialist, 2(1), 53-57 [13] Cromico, J (2015) Translation quality of English-Indonesian by using Google Translate Unpublished Thesis Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta [14] Crystal, D (1980) A first dictionary of linguistics and phonetics Boulder, Colo: Westview Press [15] Dewi, H D (2015) Comparing two translation assessment models: Correlating student [16] revisions and perspectives Unpublished PhD Thesis, Kent State University, USA [17] Dewi, H D (2015) Comparing two translation assessment models: Correlating student [18] revisions and perspectives Unpublished PhD Thesis, Kent State University, USA [19] Dewi, H D (2015) Comparing two translation assessment models: Correlating student [20] revisions and perspectives Unpublished PhD Thesis, Kent State University, USA [21] Dewi, H D (2015) Comparing two translation assessment models: Correlating student revisions and perspectives Unpublished PhD Thesis, Kent State University, USA 78 [22] Dowmunt, M., Heafield, K., Hoang, H., Grundkiewicz, R., & Aue, A (2018) Marian: Cost-effective high-quality neural machine translation in C++ Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Neural Machine Translation and Generation Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 129-135 [23] Fernando, C (1996) Idioms and idiomaticity New York: Oxford University Press [24] Forcada, M L., & Sánchez-Martínez, F (2009) Inferring shallowtransfer machine translation rules from small parallel corpora Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 34, 605-635 [25] Grassilli, C (2013, October 25) How ToTranslate Idioms Retrieved from http://translatorthoughts.com/ [26] H Al-khresheh, M., & Almaaytah, S A (2018) English proverbs into Arabic through Machine Translation International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 7(5), 158–166 [27] House, J (1977) A model for translation quality assessment: A Model Revisited Tubingen: Narr [28] House, J M (1976) A model for translation quality assessment and some implications for foreign language teaching Ph.D dissertation, University of Toronto [29] Hutchins, W J., & Somers, H L (1992) An introduction to machine translation London: Academic Press London [30] Siefring, J (2004) Oxford Dictionary of Idioms Oxford: Oxford University Press [31] Karami, O (2014) The brief view on Google Translate machine Paper presented at the meeting of the 2014 Seminar in Artificial Intelligence on Natural Language, German 79 [32] Karami, O (2014, January) The brief view on Google Translate machine Paper presented at the meeting of the [33] 2014 Seminar in Artificial Intelligence on Natural Language, German [34] Karami, O (2014, January) The brief view on Google Translate machine Paper presented at the meeting of the [35] 2014 Seminar in Artificial Intelligence on Natural Language, German [36] Keenan, E L., & Stabler, E P (2010) Language variation and linguistic invariants Lingua, 120(12), 2680-2685 [37] Lamb, M (2011) Qualitative research in applied linguistics ELT Journal, 65(4), 507-509 [38] Larson, M L (1984) Meaning-based translation: A guide to crosslanguage equivalence Lanham (Md.): University press of America [39] Linh, T L T (2013) Survey of common errors of English to Vietnamese Google Translator in business contract Open Journal of Modern Linguistics, 03(02), 101–107 https://doi.org/10.4236/ojml.2013.32013 [40] McCarthy, M., & Dell, F O (2017) English idioms in use Intermediate Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [41] McGuire, N (2018) How aAccurate is Google Translate in 2018? Retrieved November 15, 2019, from https://www.argotrans.com/blog/accurate-google-translate-2018/ [42] Medvedev, G (2016) Google translate in teaching English Journal of Teaching English for Specific and Academic Purposes, 4(1), 181–193 [43] Nababan, M R (1999) Teori Menerjemahkan Bahasa Inggris Terbitan : Pustaka Pelajar [44] Napitupulu, S (2017) Analyzing Indonesian-English aAbstracts translation in view of translation errors by Google Translate 80 International Journal of English Language and Linguistics Research, 5(2), 15-23 [45] Newmark, P (1988) A textbook of translation New York: Prentice Hall https://doi.org/10.1177/026009358904000310 [46] Nida, E A and C R B (1974) Language, structure and translation Stanford: Standford University Press [47] Noble, H., & Smith, J (2015) Issues of validity and reliability in qualitative research Evidence-Based Nursing, 18(2), 34-35 [48] Nord, C (1997) Translation theories explained: translating as a purposeful activity Manchester: St Jerome [49] Pym, A (1992) Translation error analysis and the interface with language teaching In C Dollerup & A Loddegaard (Eds.), The Teaching of Translation Amsterdam: John Benjamins 279-288 [50] Seidl, J., McMordie, W., & Seidl, J (1988) English idioms Oxford: University Press Oxford [51] Shao, Y., Sennrich, R., Webber, B L., & Fancellu, F (2018) Evaluating Machine Translation performance on Chinese Idioms with a Blacklist Method In 11th edition of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (pp 31-38) European Language Resources Association (ELRA) [52] Somers, H (1999) Review article: Example-based machine translation Machine Translation, 14(2), 113–157 http://www.jstor.org/stable/40007076 [53] Stern, K., & Summers, D (1998) Longman idioms dictionary: Over 6000 idioms London: Longman [54] Taleghani, M., & Pazouki, E (2018) Free online translators: A comparative assessment in terms of idioms and phrasal verbs Int J Engl Lang Transl Stud, 6(1), 15–19 81 [55] Vilar D, Xu J, D‟Haro LF, Ney H (2006) Error analysis of Machine Translation output In: International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation Genoa, Italy pp 697–702 [56] Williams, M (2009) Translation quality assessment Mutatis Mutandis: Revista Latinoamericana de Traducción, 2(1), 3-23 [57] Zhang, Y., & Wildemuth, B M (2009) Qualitative content analysis Applications of Social Research Methods to Questions in Information and Library Science, 41(3), 51–61 Vietnamese sources [58] Giáp, N T (1996) Từ nhận diện từ tiếng Việt Hà Nội: Nhà xuất Giáo dục [59] Hành, H V (2004) Thành ngữ học tiếng Việt Hà Nội: Nhà xuất Khoa học xã hội Online dictionaries https://www.theidioms.com, https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com, https://dictionary.cambridge.org, https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/ PL-1 APPENDICES Number English sentence Back in the day, I used to spend m y summers exploring or playing w ith friends Now I'm in the office e very day You can't afford to run businesses inefficiently in this day and age 10 Source https://idioms.thefreedictionar y.com/back+in+the+day https://dictionary.cambridge.or g/vi/dictionary/english/in-thisday-and-age It's still early days, we don't know https://www.oxfordlearnersdic if the play will be a success tionaries.com/definition/englis h/day#early_idmg_10 I can't believe that movie is from https://idioms.thefreedictionar the 1950s—it's so progressive and y.com/ way ahead of its time She hates doing the same work https://www.oxfordlearnersdic day after day tionaries.com/definition/englis h/day#day_idmg_4 If you're looking for a way to pas https://idioms.thefreedictionar s the time, we have plenty of great y.com/pass+the+time/ books to read! We had to race against time to fini https://idioms.thefreedictionar sh before the deadline y.com/race+against+the+clock It is possible to learn to skydive in https://www.oxfordlearnersdic Britain, but with our weather it tionaries.com/ might take a month of Sundays to it I'm no spring chicken, so I can't st https://idioms.thefreedictionar ay out till AM drinking and y.com/Be+no+spring+chicken dancing anymore When we heard the news https://idioms.thefreedictionar that David Bowie had died, we y.com/a+Black+Day knew it was going tobe a black da y for all of his loyal fans PL-2 11 I know you want to buy a new TV with your Christmas bonus, but you should really keep it for a rai ny day https://idioms.thefreedictionar y.com/save+for+a+rainy+day 12 He’s been living on borrowed time ever since his last heart attack I'm sorry, I can't chat for long I n eed to go pick up the kids, and I'm a bit pressed for time When he discovered the police were after him, he did a moonlight flit https://www.oxfordlearnersdic tionaries.com/ 13 14 https://idioms.thefreedictionar y.com/Pressed+for+time https://www.oxfordlearnersdic tionaries.com/definition/englis h/flit_2#flit_idmg_1 15 After a series of small but criticall https://www.oxfordlearnersdic y admired roles, the actor has no tionaries.com/definition/englis w moved into the big time h/big-time_2?q=the+big+time 16 I have to get up at the crack of dawn 17 My uncle is up in years and can't hear too well The instructions were as clear as day I'd quit my job in a New York minute if I ever won the lottery 18 19 20 I have a big exam tomorrow, so I'll be burning the midnight oil tonight 21 The day I first set foot in America was a red-letter day for me https://www.oxfordlearnersdic tionaries.com/definition/englis h/crack_2#crack_idmg_4 https://idioms.thefreedictionar y.com/up+in+years https://dictionary.cambridge.or g/ https://idioms.thefreedictionar y.com/in+a+New+York+minu te https://idioms.thefreedictionar y.com/burn+the+midnight+oil https://idioms.thefreedictionar y.com/a+red-letter+day PL-3 22 23 24 25 It is advisable to drink lots of water and eat food that cools you down during the dog days of summer You can’t expect her to finish this project in a week! Rome wasn’t built in a day! I can't afford to spend a lot of time standing here talking Time is money, you know! My grandfather has taken care of me since I first saw the light of da y https://www.theidioms.com/do g-days/ https://www.oxfordlearnersdic tionaries.com/definition/englis h/build_1#rome_idmg_3 https://idioms.thefreedictionar y.com/time+is+money https://idioms.thefreedictionar y.com/First+see+the+light+of +day 26 I was full of the joys of spring https://idioms.thefreedictionar when I found out that I'd gotten an y.com/full+of+the+joys+of+sp A on my hardest exam ring 27 They might be identical twins, but https://idioms.thefreedictionar Jim and Greg are different as nigh y.com/different+as+night+and t and day in personality +day 28 That jacket has seen better days Why don't you get a new one? 29 I’m waiting till the time is ripe before I tell my parents that I failed my two exams 30 I think I've done a good job at work, but the boss keeps giving me a hard time I don't think he likes me very muc https://dictionary.cambridge.or g/vi/dictionary/english/haveseen-better-days https://dictionary.cambridge.or g/vi/dictionary/english/time-isripe?q=the+time+is+ripe https://idioms.thefreedictionar y.com/give+a+hard+time ... time The quality of GT is then explored This is the reason why I decided to the research on: ? ?The quality of Google Translate’s Vietnamese translations of English idioms with words denoting time. ”... for a large scale Idioms with words denoting time are idioms in which time terms with special meanings are considered keywords In other words, idioms with words denoting time are idioms whose main... Vietnamese translations of English idioms with words denoting time? ?? is the result of my work except for the reference mentioned in the thesis This thesis has not been submitted for any degree or other