Inversion gồm lí thuyết và bài tập rất hay, rất cần thiết trong quá trình ôn thi học sinh giỏi và ôn thi trung học phổ thông quốc gia. Các giáo viên và học sinh nên tham khảo vì đây là một tài liệu rất hữu ích
INVERSION (SỰ ĐẢO NGỮ) * Trong Tiếng Anh, số trạng từ đặt đầu câu, địi hỏi nghịch đảo động từ (sử dụng dạng câu hỏi động từ chính) Việc gọi nghịch đảo Hardly; scarely/ seldom/ rarely (Hầu khơng, khi): Ví dụ: + He hardly went out → Hardly did he go out (Anh ngoài) + The train hardly had left the station since the explosion happened → Hardly had the train left the station since the explosion happened (Đoàn tàu không rời khỏi sân ga từ vụ nổ xẩy ra) + We scarely go to the cinema → Scarely ever we go to the cinema (Chúng xem xi nê.) + I scarely had entered the room when the phone rang → Scarely had I entered the room when the phone rang (Hiếm tơi vào phịng mà điện thoại đổ chng.) + I have seldom seen better roses than these → Seldom have I seen better roses than these (Hiếm trông thấy hoa hồng đẹp ) + The team has seldom given a worse performance → Seldom has the team given a worse performance (Hiếm đội tuyển chơi tồi lần này.) + I have rarely visited my parents since they moved to Newyork → Rarely have I visited my parents since they moved to Newyork (Ít tơi tới thăm bố mẹ tơi từ họ chuyển tới New York.) Never (Chưa bao giờ): Ví dụ: + I had never been asked to accept a bribe before → Never before had I been asked to accept a bribe (Trước chưa bị buộc phải nhận hối lộ.) + I have never seen such beautiful flowers → Never have I seen such beautiful flowers (Chưa trông thấy hoa đẹp vậy.) + I have never heard a better song → Never have I heard a better song (Chưa nghe thấy hát hay thế.) No sooner than (Ngay ) Ví dụ: + No sooner had she opened the door than the thief fled (Ngay cô ta vừa mở cửa tên trộm bỏ chạy.) + No sooner was the team back on the pitch than it started raining (Ngay đội tuyển quay trở lại thi đấu trời bắt đầu mưa.) + No sooner had I reached the door than I realized it was locked (Ngay tơi đến cửa tơi nhận bị khóa.) Only then / after / later (Chỉ sau đó): Ví dụ: + Only then did I know the truth (Chỉ sau tơi biết thật.) + Only then did I come to visit them (Chỉ sau tơi đến thăm họ.) + Only then did she bring me some books (Chỉ sau mang cho tơi sách.) Only by + V-ing/ Only in this way (Chỉ cách): Ví dụ: + Only by learning hard will you be able to pass the exam (Chỉ cách học chăm bạn vượt qua kì thi.) + Only by boiling water at 1000C can it be sterilized (Chỉ cách đun nước 1000C diệt trùng.) + Only in this way can you make that cake (Chỉ cách cậu làm bánh đó.) + Only in this way does the child eat some more soup (Chỉ cách đứa trẻ ăn thêm cháo.) Only when s.th happened did s.b (Chỉ xảy ) Ví dụ: + Only when I came home did I realize I had left my key at the office (Chỉ đến nhà tơi nhận để qn chìa khóa văn phịng.) + Only when they got married did she know how lazy he was (Chỉ họ kết hôn cô biết lười tới mức nào.) Not until s.th happened did s.b (Chỉ đến xảy ): Ví dụ: + Not until Mr Smith arrived at the airport did he know he had left his passport at home (Chỉ tới ơng Smith tới sân bay ơng biết ông để quên hộ chiếu nhà.) + Not until I got home did I notice I had wrong umbrella (Chỉ đến nhà nhận cầm nhầm ô.) + Not until I finished my exam did I realize I had made some small mistakes (Chỉ tơi hồn thành thi tơi nhận tơi mắc số lỗi nhỏ.) Hardly / Scarely + had s.th V P2 + when / before s.th happened (Vừa ): Ví dụ: + Hardly had he reached the station when the train started (Anh vừa đến nhà ga tàu bắt đầu chuyển bánh.) + Hardly had she had dinner when he arrived (Cô vừa ăn tối anh đến.) + Scarely had the fire explosed when the firemen came (Ngọn lửa vừa bùng phát lính cứu hỏa tới.) + Scarely had they met each other before she cried (Họ vừa trơng thấy bật khóc.) Nowhere (Khơng nơi nào): Ví dụ: + Nowhere will you find more beautiful roses than these (Không nơi chị tìm hoa hồng đẹp đâu.) + Nowhere you feel happier than in your home (Không nơi bạn thấy hạnh phúc nhà bạn.) + Nowhere can I find a suitable job (Khơng đâu tơi tìm cơng việc phù hợp.) 10 On no account; on no condition (Khơng lý gì; nào): Ví dụ: + On no account must this switch be touched (Khơng lý mà chạm tay vào cơng tắc này.) + On no account was he absent yesterday (Khơng lý mà vắng mặt ngày hôm qua.) + On no condition are they open to fire without a warning (Khơng lý mà họ đốt lửa mà không báo trước.) + On no condition did he say goodbye without an explanation (Không lý mà nói lời tạm biệt mà khơng giải thích.) 11 In/under no circumstances (Khơng đời nào, khơng bao giờ): Ví dụ: + In no circumstances should you lend him any money (Đừng cho vay xu nào.) + In no circumstances did we give them the country We were ready to fight with any enemies (Không đời trao đất nước cho chúng Chúng ta sẵn sành chiến đấu với kẻ thù nào) + In no circumstances you get rid of your own way (Đừng cậu từ bỏ đường mình.) 12 So / such that (Đến nỗi mà ): Ví dụ: + So famous did he become that everybody knew his name (Anh tiếng mà người biết tên anh ta.) + So devastating were the floods that some areas may never recover (Cơn bão có sức tàn phá khủng khiếp tới mức mà số khu vực khơng khôi phục được.) + Such was the force of the storm that trees were uprooted (Cơn bão mạnh tới mức cối bị lật gốc.) 13 So / neither / nor (Cũng vậy, thế): Ví dụ: + I’m hungry – So am I (Tớ đói q – Mình vậy) + I have just finished my homework – So have I (Mình vừa làm xong tập nhà – Mình vậy) + I don’t want to take exams – Neither/Nor I (Tớ chẳng muốn thi cử - Tớ thế) + I didn’t come back home lastweek – Neither/Nor did she (Tuần trước tớ không nhà – Cô vậy) 14 Not only but also (Khơng mà cịn ): Ví dụ: + Not only they rob you but they also smash everything (Bọn chúng cướp cậu mà đập phá thứ) + Not only does he eat but he also drinks (Nó vừa ăn vừa uống) + Not only is she beautiful but she also studies well (Cô xinh đẹp mà học giỏi) 15 Conditional forms (Câu điều kiện): Ví dụ: + Had he understood the problem, he wouldn't have committed those mistakes (Nếu mà hiểu vấn đề, khơng mắc lỗi đó) + Should she decide to come, please telephone (Nếu cô ta định đến, xin gọi điện thoại) 16 Little (Ít , khơng ) → dùng với ý nghĩa phủ định Ví dụ: + Little did he understand the situation (Anh khơng hiểu tình huống) + Little have I read concerning politics (Tơi đọc vấn đề trị) EXERCISES: I Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D that best completes each sentence Scarcely had he stepped out of the room _ he heard a loud laughter within A then B when C until D than Nowhere _ such cooperative staff A you can find B you found C you could find D can you find Never before _ as accelerated as they are now during the technological age A have been historical changes B historical changes have been C historical have changes been D have historical changes been Only once a day _ home A left Mary B Mary leaves C does Mary leave D will Mary left _ make a good impression on her A Only by so doing I can B Only by doing so can I C Only by doing so I can D Only so doing can I _ that she burst into tears A Her anger was such B So angry she was C She was so anger D Such her anger was The instructor blew his whistle and _ A off the runners were running B off ran the runners C off were running the runners D the runners run off Only after food has been dried or canned _ A should it be stored for later consumption B it can be stored for later consumption C that it is stored for later consumption D was it stored for later consumption _ but he also proved himself a good athlete A He did not show himself only a good student B Not only did he show himself a good student C Not only he showed himself a good student D A good student not only showed him 10 _ he arrived at the bus stop when the bus came A Hardly had B No sooner had C No longer has D Not until had 11 Never before _ in an earnest attempt to resolve their differences A the leaders of these two countries have met B have the leaders of these two countries meet C have the leaders of these two countries met D met the leaders of these two countries 12 Not only _ at the post office, _ at the grocery store A does Mary work/but she also works B works Mary/but she also works C does Mary work/but does she also work D works Mary/but does she also work 13 No sooner the house than the phone started to ring A she had entered B entered she C had entered she D had she entered 14 Only after they send you an application, _ A you can apply B can you apply C you apply D did you apply 15 _ has the work been so easy A Only by B When C Never D For 16 At no time _ greater opportunities A did women had B has women had C does women have D have women had 17 Not until next year _ take place A the new tax change will B will the new tax change C the new tax changes D change the new tax 18 On no account _ in the office be used for personal materials A the photocopy machines B should the photocopy machines C the photocopy machines should D does the photocopy machines 19 _ Mary and John bought the house than they signed a contract to have it refurbished A Hardly had B No sooner had C No longer has D Not until had 20 Only when you become a parent _ what true responsibility is A you will understand B don’t you understand C you understand D will you understand 21 _ had he finished his dinner when he realised he had forgotten his wallet A No sooner B Not until C No longer D Scarcely 22 _ any employee be ill, they must call the office to inform their head of department A Were B Should C Had D If 23 _ you to be offered that job, would you have to move to another city? A Should B Had C Were D Provided that 24 Only by working hard _ your goal A you can achieve B can you achieve C you will achieve D will help you achieve 25 _ has Bob left without saying goodbye to everyone in the house A Never B Only is C Often D Just 26 _ it not been for the torrential rain, we would have gone out A But B If C Should D Had 27 Only when you have revised the lessons _ A you can the test with confidence B can you the test with confidence C will you can the test with confidence D you cannot the test with confidence II Rewrite each sentence, starting as shown, so that the meaning stays the same 28 It was only when the office phoned me that I found out about the meeting Not until 29 Her grief was so great that she almost fainted So 30 If I had realised what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job Had 31 He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk No sooner 32 Harry broke his leg, and also injured his shoulder Not only 33 The police didn’t at all suspect that the judge was the murderer Little 34 If you happen to see Helen, could you ask her to call me? Should 35 If you want to save your eyesight, we must operate immediately Only by 36 I only realised what I had missed when they told me about it later Only when 37 If the government raised interest rates, they would lose the election Were 38 You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs Jones Nowhere 39 The outcome of the election was never in doubt At no time 40 Just after the play started there was a power failure Hardly 41 It’s not common for there to be so much rain in March Seldom 42 You won’t be allowed in until your identity has been checked Only 43 We had only just arrived home when the police called Scarely 44 There was no precedent for the King’s resignation Never 45 I only recognised him when he came into light Not until 46 Press photographers are banned from taking photographs backstage On no 47 The workers only called off the strike after a new pay offer Only after 48 He forgot about the gun until he got home Not until 49 Everyone started complaining the moment the announcement was made No sooner 50 We couldn’t relax until all the guests had gone home Only 51 There was so much uncertainty that the financial markets remained closed Such 52 As soon as I got into the bath, someone knocked at the door No sooner III Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the word or words in capitals, and so that the meaning stays the same 53 Were Smith to resign, I might stand a chance of getting his job IF 54 Such was the demand for tickets that people queued day and night GREAT 55 The money is not to be paid under any circumstances NO 56 Three days passed before we arrived at the first oasis NOT UNTIL 57 They would have discovered land sooner had they carried a compass IF 58 It was only when I stopped that I realised something was wrong DID I 59 The accused never expressed regret for what he had done AT NO TIME 60 So exhausted were the runners that none of them finished the race TOO