Research on media access control protocol for underwater communication networks

学校代码: 10286 分类号： TP912.3 密级： 公开 UDC： 621.3 学号： 119737 博 士 学 位 论 文 水声通信网络中的介质访问控制协议研究 研究生姓名：DAO VAN PHUONG 导 师 姓 名：赵力 教 授 申请学位级别 工学博士学位 一级学科名称 信息与通信工程 二级学科名称 信号与信息处理 答辩委员会主席 学位授予单位 论文答辩日期 2014 年 08 月 日 学位授予日期 2014 年 日 评 阅 人 2014 年 08 月 东南大学 日 月 博士学位论文 水声通信网络中的介质访问控制协议研究 专 业 名 称：信号与信息处理 研究生姓名：DAO VAN PHUONG 导 师 姓 名：赵力 教 授 国家自然科学基金资助项目(60872073，60975017，51075068) 和 教育部博士点专项基金资助项 目(20110092130004) Research on Media Access Control Protocol for Underwater Communication Networks A Dissertation Submitted to Southeast University For the Academic Degree of Doctor of Engineering BY Dao Van Phuong Supervised by Professor Zhao Li School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University August 2014 东南大学学位论文独创性声明 本人声明所呈交的学位论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。 尽我 所知，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研 究成果，也不包含为获得东南大学或其它教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同 工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意 研究生签名： 日期： 东南大学学位论文使用授权声明 东南大学，中国科学技术信息研究所，国家图书馆有权保留本人所送交学位论文的复印件和 电子文档，可以采用影印，缩印或其他复制手段保留存论文。本人电子文档的内容和纸质论 文的内容相一致。除在保密期内的保密论文外，允许论文被查阅和借阅，可以公布（包含刊 登）论文的全部或部分内容。论文的公布（包括刊登）授权东南大学研究生院办理。 研究生签名 导师签名 日期 Abstract ABSTRACT The need for underwater acoustic communication network (UACN) exists in applications such as military, oil industry, collection of scientific data, discovery of new resources, i.e., Because of its important role in practical applications for underwater acoustic communication networks, underwater acoustic communication networks are a rapidly growing field of engineering and research in recent years Unlike terrestrial wireless communication networks that employ radio waves for communication, underwater acoustic communication networks employ acoustic waves, which present many difficulties for the problems of the physical, the data-link layers and battery energy - Long propagation delay and limited bandwidth of underwater channel are the main restrictions which effect on MAC protocol directly As a consequence, underwater channel MAC protocols necessitate a dedicated design of MAC protocols for underwater acoustic networks - The performance of underwater channel is degraded by the characteristics of underwater acoustic channel Only when full understanding of the underwater acoustic channel characteristics, we can gradually make the underwater acoustic transmission system to match with the real marine environment, so as to achieve better performance - The underwater nodes usually carry very limited battery energy, and replace the battery to replenish their energy is not possible How to efficiently use the energy of the underwater acoustic sensor nodes is a key strategy for underwater acoustic communication network design To overcome the above problems of underwater acoustic channel, in this thesis, the following subjects are researched: (1) In this work, the simulation tool OPNET is employed to simulate the characteristics of underwater acoustic I channel, with respect to Abstract Propagation-Delay-Stage, Receiver-Power-Stage and Background-Noise-State, by using the models: the MacKenzie’s speed equation for the speed of sound; Thorp’s, Schulkin and Marsh’s, Francois and Garrison’s models for propagation loss; and four sources for ambient noise are the turbulence, shipping, wind driven waves and thermal noise According to the simulation results of the characteristic of underwater acoustic channel, a suitable channel model is chosen to simulate an underwater acoustic mobile network using MACAW protocol (2) Simulate the performance of P-Aloha, CSMA/CA and MACAW protocols in underwater acoustic channel environment, and the different performance of these protocols in underwater environment is compared in the simulation (3) A new MAC protocol suitable for UACN is proposed and analyzed in this work Some modifications in floor acquisition multiple access (FAMA) of MAC protocol for UACN is proposed in which a time slot is used, which is applied for Clear-To-Send (CTS) packet, thus called Slotted FAMA-CTS An energy optimization strategy for data transmission is also proposed in this paper The goals of this work are to increase throughput rate, decrease packet collisions due to propagation delay of hidden nodes and to provide savings in energy This protocol combines both carrier sensing and a dialogue between the sender and receiver prior to data transmission Simulation results show that the proposed method is more effective than Slotted Medium Access Control Avoidance (MACA) and FAMA– Non-persistent Transmit Request (FAMA-NTR) protocol (4) The long propagation delay and limited bandwidth of UACN pose great challenges for MAC protocol design But the long propagation delay in underwater acoustic channel permits multiple packets to be “pipelined” concurrently in the underwater channel To utilize this characteristic of underwater acoustic channel, in this work a new MACA-based MAC protocol called MACA-C protocol is proposed By combining transmitting data packet and control packet, the proposed protocol is able to overcome the long propagation delay problem of underwater acoustic channel Simulation results show that the MACA-C protocol significantly increase channel utilization, achieve high and II Abstract stable throughput performance, decrease End-to-End delay while maintaining low collision rate (5) How to efficiently use the energy of the underwater acoustic sensor nodes is a key strategy for underwater acoustic communication network design In this work, based on a traditional DVS energy-saving technology, a DVS-DPM energy-saving technology combined with DVS technology and DPM technology is proposed to reduce the energy consumption of the underwater acoustic sensor nodes Finally, the energy-saving effect of the program is compared and analyzed through the simulation Keywords: underwater acoustic channel; MACAW protocol; underwater acoustic sensor node; energy saving technology III Abstract IV Abstract 摘要 水声通信网络越来越广泛地应用于军事、石油工业、科研数据采集、新能源 开发等领域，由于水声通信网络在实际应用中具有重要地位，因此对水声通信的 研究正成为通信领域研究的热点。与陆地无线通信系统使用无线电波有所不同， 水声通信网络依靠水声进行通信，这使得针对水声通信网络的物理层、数据连接 层和电池能量设计存在诸多困难，具体如下： - 水声信道的长传播延迟和有限的带宽是 MAC 协议设计的主要限制因素，因此 需要设计专门的适用于水声通信网络的 MAC 协议。 - 水声信道的特性会使得水下信道的性能下降，只有当我们对水声信道的特性 有了足够的了解，我们才能够设计出与实际海底环境相匹配的水声通信系统， 进而得到更好的通信性能。 - 水下节点携带的电池能量通常是非常有限的，而通过替换电池来补充水下节 点的电池能量是非常困难的。因此，如何有效有效地提高水下节点的能量使 用效率，是水声通信网络研究的重点。 针对上述问题，本论文研究了水声通信网络中的以下几个方面的问题： (1) 本 文 利 用 OPNET 仿 真 工 具 中 的 Propagation-Delay-Stage 、 Receiver-Power-Stage 和 Background-Noise-Stage 函 数 分 别 仿 真 实 现 MacKenzie 水声传输速度公式、损耗传输模型(包括 Thorp 模型、Schulkin & Marsh 模型、Francois & Garrison 模型)、水声噪声(包括紊流、船运、风 波和热噪声四个噪声源)，通过这些模型的仿真来模拟和分析水声通信网络 的各种特性。根据水声信道的仿真结果，以 MACAW 协议为基础建立最佳信道 模型来仿真水声通信网络。 (2) 在水声信道环境下对 P-Aloha 协议, CSMA/CA 协议和 MACAW 协议进行了仿真， 并且比较了这三种协议的性能。 (3) 基于 MAC 协议中的 FAMA 协议，提出了一种适用于水声通信网络的时隙 FAMA-CTS 协议，该协议为 CTS 包分配了单独的时隙。同时，还提出了一种能 量优化方法来传输数据。该算法不仅能够增加水声通信网络的吞吐量，减少 数据包的碰撞而且能够降低能量消耗，并且该算法能够有效的将载波侦听与 V Abstract 发射和接收数据前的协商结合在一起。实验结果表明，与时隙 MACA 协议 和 FAMA-NTR 协议相比，本文提出的算法更有效。 (4) 由于水声信道的传播时延长、可用带宽有限，使得设计适合于水声通信网络 的 MAC 协议面临诸多困难。然而，水声信道的长传播时延特性允许在水声信 道中同时发送多个数据包，利用该特性,基于 MACA 协议，本文提出了一种适 用于水声通信网络的介质访问控制协议 MACA-C 协议。通过将发射数据包和 控制包结合在一起，本文提出的协议能够克服水声信道长传输时延的问题。 仿真结果表明，MACA-C 协议能够提高信道使用率，获得较高且稳定的吞吐量， 降低端到端的延迟，并且能够保持较低的碰撞率。 (5) 如何高效地使用水声传感器节点的能量是水声通信网设计的关键环节。在传 统 DVS 节能技术的基础上，本文提出了一种 DVS 技术与 DPM 技术相结合的 DVS-DPM 节能技术，用以降低水声传感器节点的能耗。最后通过实验对该方 案的节能效果进行了仿真和分析。 关键词：水声信道; MACAW 协议; 水声传感器节点; 节能技术。 VI REFERENCES [12] Proakis J G, Sozer E M, Rice A, et al Shallow water acoustic networks [J] IEEE Communications Magazine, 2001, 39: 114-119 [13] Sozer E M, Stojanovic M, Proakis J G Underwater acoustic networks [J] IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 2000, 25: 72-83 [14] Han J, Huang J, Ran M Design and simulation of underwater acoustic communication network based on OPENT [J] Journal of System Simulation, 2009, 21(17): 5498-5502 [15] Kemih K, Benslama M, Filali S Synchronization of chen system based on passivity technique for CDMA underwater communication [J] International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, 2007, 3(5): 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Dr.-Zhao Li, for his support, encouragement, effort, his valuable advices and guidances throughout my doctoral program at School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University This work would not have been made possible without his knowledgeable guidances and generous support I cannot thank him enough for all he did for me, and I am really lucky to work with him I would like to thanks fellow Zuo Jia Kuo, who is very friendly and provided advice about the Chinese, knowledge of researches in our papers I would like to give many thanks to all my current and former labmates for their dear help and kind assistance through the years, their cheerful and lively companionship has been a real pleasure They have relieved my struggle and refreshed my view on life I would like to give a thank-you to all my Vietnamese friends for the selfless help and encouragement during my study in China Finally, a special appreciation goes to my dear mother and my dear father, two older sisters and younger brother Without their understanding, endless encouragement and support over the years, I could have achieved nothing I would like to dedicate this dissertation to them Dao Van Phuong August 2014 113 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 114 SUBMITTED PAPERS SUBMITTED PAPERS [1] Dao Van-phuong, Zuo Jia-kuo, Zhao Li, Zou Cai-rong, Sun Jian Modeling and Simulation of P-Aloha, CSMA/CA and MACAW Protocols for Underwater Acoustic Channel Journal of Donghua University ISSN 1672-5220/ CN 31-1920/TS （EI 收录） [2] Dao Van Phuong, 左加阔, Bui Thi Oanh, 方世良, 赵力 水声通信信道中的 OPNET 建模与仿真 东南大学学报。 (In Chinese)。 ISSN 1001-0505/ CN 32-1178/N Dao Van Phuong, Zuo Jiakuo, Bui Thi Oanh, Fang Shiliang, Zhao Li Modeling and Simulation of Underwater Acoustic Communication Channel Using OPNET Journal of Southeast University （EI 收录） [3] DAO Van-Phuong，赵力，左加阔，邹采荣 水声通信网络中的 MACA-C 介质访问 控制协议 信号处理。 (In Chinese) ISSN 1003-0530/ CN 11-2406/ TN Dao Van-Phuong, Zhao Li, Zuo Jia-kuo, Zou Cai-rong MACA-C MAC Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Networks Journal of Signal Processing （EI，A 类收录） [4] Van Phuong Dao, Bao Yong-Qiang, Zhao Li, Zou Cai-Rong, Zuo Jia-Kuo Slotted floor Acquisition Multiple Access in Medium Access Control Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Communication Networks Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Sciences), Vol 49 (1), 2013 ISSN 0469-5097/ CN 32-1169/N （EI，B 类 收录） [5] Dao Van Phuong (陶文凤)，包永强，赵力 一种用于水声传感器节点的改进节能算 法 声学技术 2012, 31(4): 256-260 (In Chinese) ISSN 1000-3630/ CN 31-1449/TB DAO Van Phuong, BAO Yong-qiang, ZHAO Li An Improved Energy-saving Algorithm for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Node Technical Acoustics 2012, 31(4): 256-260 （EI，B 类 收录） [6] Jiakuo Zuo, Van Phuong Dao, Yongqiang Bao, Li Zhao and Cairong Zou Robust Energy Efficiency Power Allocation for Uplink OFDM-based Cognitive Radio Networks ETRI Journal (SCI, 录用) [7] Jiakuo Zuo, Van Phuong Dao, Yongqiang Bao, Li Zhao and Cairong Zou Energy Efficient Power Allocation for Cognitive Radio MIMO-OFDM System ETRI Journal (SCI, 录用) [8] N D NAM, Q V BUI, H T NHAN, M Z BIAN, Dao Van-phuong Effect of Pd Interlayer on Electrochemical Properties of ENIG Surface Finish in 3.5 wt.% NaCl Solution, Journal of Electronic Materials (SCI, 录用) [9] 左加阔, 陶文凤, 包永强, 方世良, 赵力, 邹采荣 联合稀疏信号恢复中的分布式路径 协同优化算法 信号处理, 2013, 29(8):964-970 Jiakuo Zuo, Van Phuong Dao, Yongqiang Bao, Fang Shiliang, Li Zhao and Cairong Zou Distributed Pathwise Coordinate Optimization in Joint-Sparse Signal Recovery Signal Pr 115 SUBMITTED PAPERS ocessing (In Chinese) （IE，A 类收录） [10] 左加阔, 陶文凤, 包永强, 方世良, 赵力, 邹采荣 多跳认知水声通信中的分布式稀疏 频谱检测算法 电子与信息学报, 2013, 35(10): 6-13 Jiakuo Zuo, Van Phuong Dao, Yongqiang Bao, Fang Shiliang, Li Zhao and Cairong Zo u Distributed Sparse Spectrum Detection in Multihop Cognitive Underwater Acoustict C ommunication Networks Journal of Electronics&Information Technology 2013, 35(10): 6-13 (In Chinese) （EI，A 类收录） [11] Jiakuo Zuo, Van Phuong Dao, Yongqiang Bao, Li Zhao and Cairong Zou Optimal Power Allocation and Relay Selection for Relay Aided Cognitive Radio Network: An Energy Efficiency Perspective 2014 International Conference on Information Technology and Management Science (ICITMS 2014) (录用) [12] 罗武骏，陶文凤 (Dao Van Phuong)，左加阔，赵力.自适应语音压缩感知方法 声 学技术 2012, 42(6): 1027-1030 （EI，B 类 收录） La Vu Tuan, Dao Van Phuong, Zuo Jia Kuo，Zhao Li Adaptive Compressed Sensing Method for Speech Technical Acoustics 2012, 42(6): 1027-1030 [13] La Vu Tuan, Van Phuong Dao, Xi Ji Study on Method of Emotion Recognition of Speed based on Simulated Annealing Genetic Algorithm and Support Vector Machine International Journal of Advancements in Computing Technology 2012, 4(20): 141-146 (EI 收录) [14] Zuo Jiakuo, Bao yongqiang, Zhaoli, Zou cairong and Van Phuong Dao Distributed Co mpressive Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Underwater Acoustic Communicatio Journal of Nanjing University, 2012, 48(5):582-591 （EI B 类） [15] Dao Van-phuong, Zuo Jia-kuo, Zhao Li Slotted Aloha-FAMA: An Aloha and FAMA-Based MAC protocol for Underwater Acoustic Networks Chinese Journal of Electronics (EI A 类, 审稿中) [16] Dao Van-phuong，Zuo Jia-kuo，Zhao Li，Nguyen Dang-Nam FAMA-C MAC protocol for Underwater Acoustic Networks Journal of Signal Processing Systems (SCI, 审稿中) 116 ... floor acquisition multiple access in medium access control protocol for underwater acoustic communication networks 98 8.1.4 MACA-C MAC protocol for underwater acoustic networks 99... applications for underwater acoustic communication networks Underwater seismic monitoring: Underwater seismic monitoring is a promising application for underwater sensor networks, which is seismic monitoring... PHUONG 导 师 姓 名：赵力 教 授 国家自然科学基金资助项目(60872073，60975017，51075068) 和 教育部博士点专项基金资助项 目(20110092130004) Research on Media Access Control Protocol for Underwater Communication Networks A Dissertation