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Click "Find Again" to search for the next consecutive entry. The Find command also provides search parameters such as "Match Whole Word Only" and "Match Case." For more information on these features, please refer to the Acrobat Help file in the application menu. San Francisco London Mastering ™ Windows ® Server 2003 Mark Minasi Christa Anderson Michele Beveridge C.A. Callahan Lisa Justice Copyright ©2003 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com Associate Publisher: Neil Edde Acquisitions and Developmental Editor: Chris Denny Production Editor: Kylie Johnston Technical Editor: Jim Kelly Copyeditor: Sally Engelfried Compositor: Interactive Composition Corporation—Rozi Harris Graphic Illustrator: Interactive Composition Corporation—Rozi Harris CD Coordinator: Dan Mummert CD Technician: Kevin Ly Proofreaders: Laurie O’Connell, Yariv Rabinovitch, Nancy Riddiough, Monique van den Berg Indexer: Ted Laux Book Designer: Maureen Forys, Happenstance Type-O-Rama Cover Designer: Design Site Cover Illustrator/Photographer: Tania Kac, Design Site Copyright © 2003 SYBEX Inc., 1151 Marina Village Parkway, Alameda, CA 94501. World rights reserved. 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Christa’s husband was, for lack of better words, a great guy. I (Mark) met him in 1992 and thus was fortunate enough to enjoy his company for a decade. He was a smart, funny, capable-at-nearly-everything person who told good stories, played games masterfully, and brewed good beer. It has to be one of life’s great ironies that a man with so much heart was betrayed by that very organ, and far too soon. As a computer type, I’m used to a world of reversible catastrophes; there are always backups. It is daunting to be reminded that some things can’t be restored. Even precious things. Copyright ©2003 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com Acknowledgments This book was a lot of work, so I’m sure glad I didn’t have to do most of it! This is essentially the twelfth edition of the Mastering NT Server book that debuted in 1994. In every other edition, we always had contributors who only worked on a chapter or a less, and so did not get co-author credit. This time, I wanted everyone who worked on it to get their name on the cover, and turned to two old tried-and-true contributors. Christa Anderson has contributed in a major way to every version of this book, and this one is no exception. Lisa Justice’s work also appeared in the past six editions and she is a welcome addition to this one as well. This book also introduces two newcomers to book writing, but not to networking. Michele Beveridge, the University of Georgia’s Active Directory architect, and veteran tech teacher C.A. Callahan come from solid backgrounds in both working with technology and communicating it, and I think you’ll agree that their first outing as geek book co-authors is a successful one. They dug into every chapter, forsaking family and friends in order to get this done. I owe all four co-authors quite a bit, and am quite thankful for their efforts. (Additionally, Michele tells me that a techie friend of hers, Martijn Middleplaats, helped her with some of the heavy lifting by researching some of her chapter material. She thanks him and so do I.) While this should have been an easy book to write, it wasn’t, as I’ll explain in the Introduction— that’s my fault. That made life horrendous for the Sybexers involved, and I can’t thank them enough for their help in getting this volume out. Chris Denny and Neil Edde got the ball rolling, and Sally Engelfried edited the chapters. Many thanks also to technical editor Jim Kelly for his painstaking checking and verifying. There is, of course, the whole production crew to thank as well. Without them, all we’d have is a collection of electronic files. Kylie Johnston steered the project smoothly through the production channels, as she did with previous editions; Rozi Harris at Interactive Composition Corporation trans- formed the manuscripts into the handsome book before you; and the proofreaders—Laurie O’Connell, Yariv Rabinovitch, Nancy Riddiough, and Monique van den Berg—scrutinized the many pages to ensure that no stone was left unturned. Thanks also to Ted Laux, the indexer, and Dan Mummert and Kevin Ly of the CD team. Finally, we could not have done this without the assistance of Microsoft, who not only created the product but also allowed us to see it before it was finished. Copyright ©2003 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com Introduction I said it in the Acknowledgments, and I’ll say it again: man , was this book a lot of work! But trust me, I don’t say that to complain; rather, it lets me explain—to explain what is probably the question in most prospective readers’ minds: “Is this a book only for people who use Windows Server 2003?” The answer is, definitely not . Yes, it’s a Server 2003 book—but it’s also basically Mastering Windows 2000 Server , FIFTH edition . Here’s what I mean. When planning this book, I decided early on that it had to have two major goals. First, it had to cover the new features in Server 2003, or the title would be downright wrong. But the differ- ences between 2000 and 2003 are, while not insignificant, not huge either. And that led me to the second goal. I’m guessing that almost no one reading this will have thrown away all of their “old” Windows 2000 Server systems when adopting Server 2003; as a matter of fact, many of you tell me that you’re still running Windows NT 4 Servers! Nor is that a bad thing—NT 4 and Win2K are both really good tools, in my opinion. Yes, in some ways Server 2003 is better—and you’ll learn those ways in this book—but not so much better that many can justify tossing out the Win2K systems to make room for Server 2003. No, I’m guessing that Server 2003 will move into your network gradually, and so you’ll be living in a server environment that includes both Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 for quite a while. That’s why I asked my co-authors to “think of this as the Fifth!” Instead of taking the Mastering Windows 2000 Server book and looking for things that we’d have to change to make it a Server 2003 book, we started with the topics that previous editions of the Win- dows 2000 Server book explored and took them further, to build on the book series’ growth. For example, previous editions didn’t consider a lot of Active Directory maintenance issues, like checking database integrity or compacting the database, so this one did, even though it wasn’t a new-to-2003 topic. A look at the Macintosh chapter will reveal that what was a chapter consisting of only a handful of pages in previous editions is now 50 or so pages long, with completely new information on Mac OS/X clients. We tried, then, to make this essentially two books in one; I hope you think we succeeded. What’s Inside In Chapter 1, I briefly list and explain what’s new in Windows Server 2003. As you’ll see, Server 2003 is basically 2000 Server, version 1.1. But when you consider what a big product Windows 2000 Server is, and what a major change it was from NT 4, then you’ll understand that even just a 1.1 version of 2000 would involve a lot of changes—this chapter outlines them. In Chapter 2, I offer a basic answer to the question, “Why do we network?” for those who are just joining us. Folks who have no idea what a domain is, or why they’d want one, should take a look at Chapter 2 and in no time you’ll sound like a grizzled network veteran. Lisa Justice then shows you in Chapter 3 how to navigate the Server 2003 user interface. Thank God it wasn’t as large a change as the NT-to-2000 shift, and that it doesn’t come out of the box configured in the XP “Playskool” user interface. But you’ll find a few things have changed, and Lisa will guide you through the new stuff. She also walks you through the process of creating your own user interface with taskpads, a great way to build customized tools for administrators. Copyright ©2003 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com XXXII INTRODUCTION The user interface is one way to control Server 2003, and that’s why Lisa covers it in Chapter 3. But the other way is via the Registry, 2000’s place to store system settings and home to hundreds of undocumented or poorly documented switches, dials, knobs, and levers. No NT, 2000, XP, or 2003 techie can last long without a bit of Registry work, and so in Chapter 4 I introduce it. By now, you’ll be itching to load it up and try it out, so in Chapter 5 I not only show you how to shove a CD into a drive and answer questions, but I also cover scripting 2003 installs, using the Remote Installation Server, and finally, how Sysprep can make setting up systems and cloning them easier. Microsoft has made automated rollouts—scripts, RIS, and Sysprep—quite a bit easier and more powerful. Study Chapter 5 and you’ll see how to deploy 2003 with style and grace…but mostly with a minimum of effort on your part! Chapters 6 and 7 permit me to explain how TCP/IP works, both in a general sense and in the specific sense of configuring Server 2003 to use it. In Server 2003, Microsoft has taken another baby step toward making the NT platform an IP-only platform, as NetBEUI is no longer even an option for protocols. Chapter 6 explains the basics: how to get on an internet; how IP addresses, subnet masks, and routing work; and how to use a Server 2003 as a router. Chapter 7 then explains the three basic TCP/IP services that every Microsoft network needs: DHCP, WINS, and DNS. Server 2003 doesn’t really do much that’s new in DHCP and WINS, but DNS now offers several new features, all of which the chapter covers. The biggest changes in the chapter, however, are in the structure of the DNS section, which now spans almost 200 pages. It’s not only a primer on DNS; in this edition I completely reoriented the discussion and the examples around building not just any DNS infra- structure, but a more secure infrastructure, using split-brain DNS techniques—and if you don’t know what that means, don’t worry, the chapter covers it all. You’ll also see in Chapters 6 and 7 that I’ve worked hard to unify the step-by-step examples so that they all fit together, allowing you to follow along and build a small network that is then completely ready for Active Directory…which is the next chapter’s topic. Chapter 8 is basically a medium-sized book in itself, at 81,000 words and 110-plus figures. It takes you from the basics of “What is an Active Directory and why would you want one?” to design- ing an AD, implementing one, managing it, optimizing it, rearranging its structure when necessary, and fixing it when it breaks. Server 2003’s changes permeate this topic, as you’ll see. The migration section is much larger than in the 2000 Server book, and it and the rest of the chapter offers many step-by-step examples that allow you to build a small working AD. Lisa returns in Chapter 9 to explain the ins and outs of creating and managing user accounts. That’s a big topic, as it includes user profiles and group policies, which Lisa explains in detail. She also showcases and shows you how to use 2003’s new Resultant Set of Policies troubleshooting tool for group policies. GP fans will love it. Windows 2000 handles storage differently than NT did, and 2003 changes things a bit more, as you’ll learn in Chapter 10. In that chapter, Michele Beveridge shows you how to connect, partition, and format drives, and she also covers Windows 2000’s RAID functions. I was very fortunate to get Michele’s help on this book, as she’s responsible for the University of Georgia’s Active Directory, both its design and implementation. Her years of real-world, in-the-trenches experience with NT in its various forms show through in her coverage of both this and the companion Chapter 11. That chapter covers shared folders, including how to secure those shares with both share and NTFS permissions, as well as coverage of Windows 2000 and Server 2003’s Distributed File System and the File Replication Service. In that chapter, you’ll also learn about the Encrypted File System—which Copyright ©2003 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com INTRODUCTION XXXIII has changed in some subtle but important ways since Windows 2000—and offline folders, a modifi- cation of the network redirector that offers greater network response, laptop synchronization support, and network fault tolerance. C.A. Callahan joins us in Chapter 12 to describe one of 2000, XP, and 2003’s nicest features for desktop support folks: central software distribution. Callahan has been in the technical teaching business for many years and has a well-honed talent for digging into a topic, getting excited about it, and explaining to you so that you’ll be excited about it as well. (She’s also a Mac geek, which is why she rewrote the Mac chapter [Chapter 16] completely and made it about ten times larger than it was before.) Christa returns in Chapter 13 to describe how to network printers under Server 2003. Lisa then explains, in Chapter 14, how to connect client PCs to a Server 2003 network, whether those PCs are running DOS, Windows, or whatever. And you may be surprised to hear that it’s now impossible to connect a DOS or Windows 9 x system to a 2003-based Active Directory…unless you know the trick. (Of course, Lisa lets you in on the secret.) Christa then warms to a favorite topic of hers in Chapter 15, where she covers the built-in Terminal Services feature of Server 2003 and remote server administration in general. And if you have no idea what Terminal Services does, check out that chapter: Terminal Services makes your Server 2003 system a multiuser computer, in many ways combining the best of the PC and the mainframe! Then, in Chapter 16, Callahan “cracks the Mac,” as I’ve already mentioned. Once your organization is connected to the Internet, you’ll probably want to get a Web server up and running. Server 2003 includes a Web server, as did NT 4 and Windows 2000, but 2003’s IIS 6 is built to be both more secure and more reliable, so you won’t want to miss Lisa’s coverage of it, including not only the Web piece but also the FTP server piece, the SMTP mail server, and 2003’s new POP server. Yes, that’s right, Server 2003 now comes with a complete e-mail server service built in, and you can read about it in Chapter 17. Then, in Chapter 18, Christa offers some advice and instruction on tuning and monitoring a Server 2003–based network, and in Chapter 19, she looks at disaster recovery—never a happy topic, but a necessary one. Michele returns for a lengthy and quite complete look at dial-up, ISDN, and frame relay support in Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) in Chapter 20. Callahan then finishes the book with coverage of NetWare coexistence in Chapter 21. Conventions Used in This Book As you know, when discussing any network technology, things can get quite complex quite quickly, so I’ve followed some conventions to make them clearer and easier to understand. Referring to Windows NT, 2000, XP, and 2003 Throughout this book, you’ll see me refer to Server 2003 , Windows 2000 , NT 4 , and just plain NT . I don’t want to confuse, so let me clarify what I mean when I use those terms. When I say “Server 2003,” “Windows 2000” or “NT 4,” then of course I mean those particular products. But when I say “NT,” I’m referring to the various versions of the NT operating system that have come out, including NT 4, Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003. Despite the name change from NT-version-something to Windows-model-year, under the hood, NT 4, 2000, XP, and 2003 are quite similar. The underlying kernel, the piece of the operating system that Copyright ©2003 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com . ◆ Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition ◆ Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition ◆ Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition ◆ Windows Server 2003, Web. out, including NT 4, Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003. Despite the name change from NT-version-something to Windows- model-year, under the