Optimisation of sludge pretreatment by low frequency sonication under pressure = optimisation du prétraitement de boues par ultrasons à très basses fréquences et sous pression
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THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
Cấu trúc
01 - Bia-1
02 - NoiDung-Giua
Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisors Prof. Henri DELMAS and Dr. Carine JULCOUR for the continuous support of my post-graduate work, for their patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. Their guidance ...
In addition, I would like to say a big thank you to the jury – Prof. Evelyne GONZE, Prof. Jean Yves HIHN, Prof. Helène Carrère, Prof. Iordan NIKOV, Mr. Pascal TIERCE, Dr. Xavier LEFEBVRE - for the precious time reading my thesis and valuable construct...
I would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Ministry of Education and Training of Vietnam and Institut National Polytechnique of Toulouse (France).
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1
LITERATURE REVIEW
1.1. SLUDGE TYPES AND PROPERTIES
1.2. BRIEF BACKGROUND OF SONICATION
1.3. EVALUATION APPROACHES OF SLUDGE ULTRASONIC PRETREATMENT EFFICIENCY
1.3.1. Physical change-based evaluation of sludge US pretreatment efficiency
1.3.1.1. Particle size reduction
1.3.1.2. Sludge mass reduction or solubilisation
1.3.1.3. Dewaterability of sludge
1.3.1.4. Settleability and Turbidity of sludge
1.3.1.5. Microscopic examination of sludge
1.3.2. Chemical change-based evaluation of sludge US pretreatment efficiency
1.3.2.1. Degree of disintegration (DDCOD)
1.3.2.2. Nucleic acid assessment
1.3.2.3. Protein assessment
1.3.2.4. The release of ammonia and soluble organic nitrogen assessment
1.3.2.5. TOC assessment
1.3.3. Biological change-based evaluation of sludge ultrasonic pretreatment efficiency
1.4. OPTIMIZATION OF ULTRASONIC PRETREATMENT OF SLUDGE
1.4.1. Ultrasonic frequency
1.4.2. Temperature
1.4.3. Hydrostatic Pressure
1.4.4. Energy aspects
1.4.4.1. Ultrasonic power
1.4.4.2. Ultrasonic intensity
1.4.4.3. Ultrasonic duration and specific energy input
1.4.5. Sludge type, and total solid concentration of sludge
1.4.6. pH of sludge
1.5. CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1. INTRODUCTION
2.2. SLUDGE SAMPLES
2.3. SONICATION APPARATUS
2.4. ANALYTICAL METHODS
2.4.1 Total solids (TS) and Volatile solids (VS)
2.4.2 Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the degree of sludge disintegration (DDCOD)
2.4.3. Laser diffraction sizing analysis
2.4.4. Microscope examination
2.4.5. Biochemical methane potential (BMP)
2.4.6. Rheology
CHAPTER 3
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF OPERATION PARAMETERS
3.1. MATERIALS AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
3.1.1. Sludge samples
3.1.2. Experimental procedures
3.2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.2.1. DDCOD evolution
3.2.1.1. Effect of TS concentration
3.2.1.2. Effect of stirrer speed
3.2.1.3. Effect of temperature rise under “adiabatic” conditions (without cooling)
3.2.1.4. Effect of sludge type
3.2.1.5. Effect of alkaline addition prior to sonication
3.2.2. Particle size reduction and evolution of sludge structures
3.2.2.1 Analysis of laser diffraction measurements
3.2.2.2 Analysis of sludge particle images
3.2.3. Apparent viscosity and rheological behavior
3.2.4 Solubilisation of organic fractions
3.3. CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 4
EFFECT OF ULTRASOUND PARAMETERS ON SLUDGE PRETREATMENT BY ISOTHERMAL SONICATION
(POWER, INTENSITY, FREQUENCY)
4.1. MATERIALS AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
4.1.1. Sludge samples
4.1.2. Experimental procedures
4.2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.2.1. Effect of PUS on sludge disintegration
4.2.2 Effect of IUS on sludge disintegration
4.2.3. Effect of frequency on the efficacy of sludge sonication
4.2.4. Effect of sequential isothermal sonication on sludge disintegration
4.3. CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 5
EFFECT OF HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
ON SLUDGE PRETREATMENT BY ISOTHERMAL SONICATION
5.1. MATERIALS AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
5.1.1. Sludge samples
5.1.2. Experimental procedures
5.2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5.2.1. Effect of hydrostatic pressure on DDCOD for different ES values and sludge types
5.2.2. Effect of US power and intensity on the optimal pressure and subsequent DDCOD
5.2.3. Effect of very low frequency on the optimum pressure and subsequent DDCOD
5.3. CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 6
OPTIMAL SONICATION FOR PRETREATMENT OF SLUDGE
6.1. MATERIALS AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
6.1.1. Sludge samples
6.1.2. Experimental procedures
6.2. RESUTLS AND DISCUSSION
6.2.1. Adiabatic sonication at atmospheric pressure
6.2.2. Optimal pressure under adiabatic sonication
6.2.3. Optimization of sludge sonication pretreatment