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136 TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC THỦ ĐÔ HÀ NỘI IMPACTS OF DROUGHT ON CULTIVATION IN BINH THUAN PROVINCE IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE - PROJECT ASSESSMENT BY INTEGRATING GIS AND SWOT - AHP Bui Thanh Huong Hanoi Metropolitan University Abstract: By integrating GIS with SWOT – AHP, project assessment map of impacts of drought on cultivation in Binh Thuan were established with differentiation of regions According to the type of desert, farming activities are most strongly affected in sandy desert area, then comes the salt desert area and rocky deserts In desert soils, low levels have more impact and will change if people pay attention to the process of rehabilitation of degraded lands Results show that only 1/5 the area of the province (36 communes in coastal districts) have to face the negative effects of drought and desertification; 1/4 total area (26 communes in districts north of the province) are threatened by land degradation Based on climate change scenarios in 2050 of MONRE, the number of communes affected by desert sands will increase, but the level of influence is somewhat relieved if synchronous system solutions and suitable adaptation are deployed Keywords: GIS and SWOT – AHP, project assessment, drought, cultivation, Binh Thuan province Email: btthuong@daihocthudo.edu.vn Received 24 September 2017 Accepted for publication 25 December 2017 INTRODUCTION Desertification is the natural process which is not popular in Vietnam but typical in Binh Thuan province. The province is in the extreme of Southern Central of Vietnam, having 781246 ha and 1,2 million people. It is the rule-wise interactions of natural conditions, of which, Binh Thuan’sposition is the most important factor that causes this typical phenomenon. Many researches shown that in the contextof climate change (CC), drought and desertification will increase. Drought impacted strongly on agriculture, the major sector which accounts for about 20% gross domestic product (GDP) of the province. According to the statistical bureau of Binh Thuan Department of Agricuture and Rural Development, there are about 150000 ha 137 TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC SỐ 20/2017 land desertification, accounting for 1/5 natural area of the province, threatening 20 – 25% cultivation area. In the context of CC, impact levels of drought on agriculture will increase. If before the year 2000, drought in Binh Thuan only appeared in the autumn paddy, to date it happens to both winter paddy and spring paddy. Therefore, to research the impacts of drought and desertification on cultivation in the province to classify the impact levels by region and propose the prioritive solutions adapting to drought and deseretification, are an urgent task, practically supporting agricultural planning in the context of CC in Binh Thuan. Scope of the research is the mainland area of Binh Thuan province. Time period of research was limited from 1960 to 2010 (the hydro meteorological time), up to 2050 (the CC scenario); from 1995 to 2010 (socioeconomic time). With purpose of projecting impacts of droughton cultivation in BinhThuan province in the context ofCC, the research built 2 maps: impacts of drought on cultivation in Binh Thuan in 1995 – 2010 and projecting impacts of drought on agriculture in Binh Thuan in 2050 by integrating SWOT – AHP and GIS. METHODS - SWOT analysis (alternatively SWOT matrix) is an acronym for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, applied forsynthesis assessment about physical and socioeconomic features relating to drought in Binh Thuan and identify the indicators impacting of drought on agriculture in this one in the context of CC. - AHP analysis: to identify important degree for each factors estimated by SWOT; - Geographical Informative System (GIS) integrated with SWOT – AHP to build2 maps project assessment impacts of drought on cultivation in Binh Thuan province in the context of CC. Base on SWOT matrix, each factor was assigned values following communes (2: appear much, 1: appear less; 0: not appear). That will establish data for building 2 maps project assessment impacts of drought on cultivation in Binh Thuan province in term CC following the formula: SW = Asi ∗ Si − Awi ∗ Wi (1) SW: indicator assessing status of level impact; Asi: important degree of indicator si; Awi: important degree of indicator wi; Si: level appearance of the indicator si; Wi: level appearance of the indicator wi. Levels appearanceare stipulated like: appear much (2), appear less (1); not appear (0). OT = Aoi ∗ Oi − Ati ∗ Ti (2) 138 TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC THỦ ĐÔ HÀ NỘI OT: indicator projecting level impact; Aoi: important degree of indicatoroi; Ati: important degree of indicatorti; Oi: level appearance of the indicatoroi; Ti: level appearance of the indicatorti. Levels appearance are stipulated like: appear much (2), appear less (1); not appear (0). The research steps as follow: Binh Thuan Atlas Physical and socioeconomic statistics CCscen arios [2012] H Maps of agricultural LU 1995& 2010 Data of surveying in 72 commune s Socioec onomic statistic s GIS SPSS + Eto Calculator GIS Agricultural LU change Crop structure change Yield fluctuation (1995- 2010) 1995, 2010 Physical and socioeconomic factors Drought CC scenari os [2012] SWOT Indicators of impacts of drought on cultivation Indicators of drought through researching physical - socioeconomic features SWOT GIS - AHP Impacts of drought on cultivation in the context of CC 2 maps projecting impacts of drought on physical - socioeconomic features in the context of climate change GIS - AHP 2 maps: projecting impacts of drought on cultivation from 1995 – 2010 in Binh Thuan & projecting impacts of drought on cultivation in Binh Thuan in the context of CC. Figure 1: The research steps 139 TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC SỐ 20/2017 The results are classified as follow: SW (OT) >1,2 : Level 1 – no impact 1,0