Các từ vựng thường gặp trong IELTS. IELTS academic words. Practice for IELTS. Các từ vựng cần biết trong IELTS.Các từ vựng thường gặp trong IELTS. IELTS academic words. Practice for IELTS. Các từ vựng cần biết trong IELTS.Các từ vựng thường gặp trong IELTS. IELTS academic words. Practice for IELTS. Các từ vựng cần biết trong IELTS.Các từ vựng thường gặp trong IELTS. IELTS academic words. Practice for IELTS. Các từ vựng cần biết trong IELTS.Các từ vựng thường gặp trong IELTS. IELTS academic words. Practice for IELTS. Các từ vựng cần biết trong IELTS.Các từ vựng thường gặp trong IELTS. IELTS academic words. Practice for IELTS. Các từ vựng cần biết trong IELTS.Các từ vựng thường gặp trong IELTS. IELTS academic words. Practice for IELTS. Các từ vựng cần biết trong IELTS.Các từ vựng thường gặp trong IELTS. IELTS academic words. Practice for IELTS. Các từ vựng cần biết trong IELTS
Trang 1Prepare for {IELTS}
Video Lessons
Trang 4EXPENDI TURE
° (all of) the money or resources spent by a øovernmentÍ organizationi person
¢ Governments are sometimes criticized for reducing expenditure on long-term infrastructure projects because the benefits will not be seen for generations
¢ Unless the authorities continue increasing expenditure on
healthcare in real terms, the quality of patient care is likely to fall ¢ Companies which expend a great deal of time and effort on
recruiting and retaining top-quality staff are usually successful and profitable
¢ Children need to realize that they have to expend energy in order to
Trang 5EXPENDI TURE
¢ Governments are sometimes criticized for reducing expenditure on long-term infrastructure projects because the benefits will not be seen for generations
¢ Unless the authorities continue increasing expenditure on
healthcare in real terms, the quality of patient care is likely to fall ¢ Companies which expend a great deal of time and effort on
recruiting and retaining top-quality staff are usually successful and profitable
¢ Children need to realize that they have to expend energy in order to burn off the calories taken in as food
Trang 6ADDITIONALLY
¢ A word used to give extra/ supporting information; furthermore
¢ The amount of fruit consumed by teenagers fell slightly during the period for which we have data Accitiona ly, those in their twenties and thirties appear to
have eaten a smaller amount of fruit
¢ There are clear economic benefits to maintaining public parks and gardens in
large cities {nm acdition, ensuring that metropolitan areas contain green areas can have positive psychological implications
¢ In the previous paragraph, the economic case for protecting wild animals was outlined It is worth adding that there is also a moral or ethical argument
¢ Large companies sponsor major sporting events It should be added that without this financial backing, prize money would be considerably lower
¢ Although athletes participate principally for the glory of winning, they also compete for additional reasons such as prize-money and fame
Trang 7ADDITIONALLY
¢ There are clear economic benefits to maintaining public parks and gardens in
large cities In addition, ensuring that metropolitan areas contain green areas can have positive psychological implications
¢ The amount of fruit consumed by teenagers fell slightly during the period for which we have data Additionally, those in their twenties and thirties appear to have eaten a smaller amount of fruit
¢ In the previous paragraph, the economic case for protecting wild animals was outlined It is worth adding that there is also a moral or ethical argument
¢ Large companies sponsor major sporting events It should be added that without this financial backing, prize money would be considerably lower
¢ Although athletes participate principally for the glory of winning, they also compete for additional reasons such as prize-money and fame
Trang 8THEORETICALLY
¢ On paper; not in a practical sense; not likely
¢ [Theoretically at least, there should be no difficulty in eradicating starvation and disease
¢ in theory, everyone entering the country is registered and the authorities should know where suspected terrorists are However, in practice, it is almost impossible to keep tracks on every person who crosses an international border
¢ From a theoretical standpoint, it should be possible to travel back in time
Obviously, major scientific breakthroughs will need to be made before this dream can be realized
¢ It is probably futile to theorize about what preceded the so-called ‘Big Bang’, 13.8 billion years ago There will never be sufficient proof to confirm any particular
hypothesis
¢ Darwin’s Theory of Evolution is probably one of the most well-known and
successful pieces of scientific work
Trang 9THEORETICALLY
¢ Theoretically at least, there should be no difficulty in eradicating starvation and disease
¢ In theory, everyone entering the country is registered and the authorities should know where suspected terrorists are However, in practice, it is almost impossible to keep tracks on every person who crosses an international border
¢ From a theoretical standpoint, it should be possible to travel back in time
Obviously, major scientific breakthroughs will need to be made before this dream can be realized
¢ It is probably futile to theorize about what preceded the so-called ‘Big Bang’, 13.8 billion years ago There will never be sufficient proof to confirm any particular
hypothesis
¢ Darwin’s Theory of Evolution is probably one of the most well-known and
successful pieces of scientific work
Trang 10MANIPULATE
¢ To control people/things in a way which benefits you
¢ Politicians and public speakers seek to manipulate their audiences ¢ By manipulating certain variables, and holding others constant,
scientists are able to carry out experiments and reach meaningful conclusions
¢ The manipulation of consumers is a key aim of advertising; those who create adverts aim to persuade consumers that they urgently
need the goods and services being offered
¢ Both parents and children can at times accuse each other of being manipulative
Trang 11MANIPULATE
Politicians and public speakers seek to manipulate their audiences ¢ By manipulating certain variables, and holding others constant,
scientists are able to carry out experiments and reach meaningful conclusions
¢ The manipulation of consumers Is a key aim of advertising; those who create adverts aim to persuade consumers that they urgently
need the goods and services being offered
Both parents and children can at times accuse each other of being manipulative
Trang 12VALID
¢ Genuine; reasonable; acceptable
¢ There is no valid reason why anyone on our planet should lack food or clean
drinking water We have sufficient resources for everyone
¢ Although some gamblers claim that the addictive urge to bet money is too strong
for them to control, | do not consider this to be a valid excuse for their behavior
¢ It is invalid to suggest that children who under-perform in education are simply
lazy
¢ Some climate-change deniers have suggested that experiments prove that the
planet is not warming as a result of human activity The validity of these findings is
questionable and needs to be challenged
¢ Statistics showing that ex-criminals are extremely likely to re-offend validate my assertion that prison is ineffective
¢ Recent investigations invalidate earlier beliefs that ours was the only planet in the
Trang 13VALID
¢ There is no valid reason why anyone on our planet should lack food or clean
drinking water We have sufficient resources for everyone
¢ Although some gamblers claim that the addictive urge to bet money is too strong
for them to control, | do not consider this to be a valid excuse for their behavior
¢ It is invalid to suggest that children who under-perform in education are simply
lazy
¢ Some climate-change deniers have suggested that experiments prove that the
planet is not warming as a result of human activity The validity of these findings is
questionable and needs to be challenged
¢ Statistics showing that ex-criminals are extremely likely to re-offend validate my assertion that prison is ineffective
¢ Recent investigations invalidate earlier beliefs that ours was the only planet in the
solar system which contained water
Trang 14EVIDENT
¢ Obvious; clearly true because there is proof; easy to see or know
¢ It is evident that for many citizens of developing countries, living in cities is a more attractive prospect than remaining in the countryside
¢ There is a considerable amount of evidence to support the notion that although some human behavior is genetic, a great deal of it is learnt
¢ Some commentators are concerned that in many of the world’s countries,
nationalism and even jingoism seem to be in evidence
¢ Although poverty is not much in evidence in city-centres, a significant proportion of the population actually lives below the poverty line
¢ As parts of the developing world become more prosperous, meat consumption in these areas rises =vident y, wealthier individuals are keen to eat a protein-rich diet
including chicken, pork or beef
¢ Evidently, life expectancy has more than doubled over the past century
Trang 15EVIDENT
¢ It is evident that for many citizens of developing countries, living in cities is a more attractive prospect than remaining in the countryside
¢ There is a considerable amount of evidence to support the notion that although some human behavior is genetic, a great deal of it is learnt
¢ Some commentators are concerned that in many of the world’s countries,
nationalism and even jingoism seem to be in evidence
¢ Although poverty is not much in evidence in city-centres, a significant proportion of the population actually lives below the poverty line
¢ As parts of the developing world become more prosperous, meat consumption in these areas rises Evidently, wealthier individuals are keen to eat a protein-rich diet
including chicken, pork or beef
¢ Evidently, life expectancy has more than doubled over the past century
Trang 16RESPECTIVELY
¢ Connected to something previously mentioned, and in the same order
¢ According to the chart under discussion, the most popular forms of entertainment in Italy, Spain and France were cinema, theatre and live music performances respective’y
¢ The numbers for car-users, motorbike-riders, cyclists and
pedestrians involved in accidents on the roads were 43, 441.28 and 18 respectively
¢ Studies reveal that sports-teams playing matches in their respective stadiums are at a distinct advantage
Trang 17RESPECTIVELY
¢ According to the chart under discussion, the most popular forms of entertainment in Italy, Spain and France were cinema, theatre and live music performances respectively
¢ The numbers for car-users, motorbike-riders, cyclists and
pedestrians involved in accidents on the roads were 43, 441.28 and 18 respectively
¢ Studies reveal that sports-teams playing matches in their respective stadiums are at a distinct advantage
Trang 18PHAI SE
¢ To express admiration; to say that something is good
¢ Although parents should punish their children for unacceptably bad behavior, they should also remember to praise them when
appropriate
¢ Employees usually respond well to praise but managers seem quite reluctant to make positive comments about their staff
¢ Attempts by charities to raise money for the homeless are clearly praiseworthy However, it concerns me that the poorest members of society have to rely on the kindness of wealthier fellow-citizens
Surely, the state should take responsibility and use taxpayers’ money to support the most vulnerable
Trang 19PHAI SE
¢ Although parents should punish their children for unacceptably bad behavior, they should also remember to praise them when
appropriate
¢ Employees usually respond well to praise but managers seem quite reluctant to make positive comments about their staff
¢ Attempts by charities to raise money for the homeless are clearly praiseworthy However, it concerns me that the poorest members of society have to rely on the kindness of wealthier fellow-citizens
Surely, the state should take responsibility and use taxpayers’ money to support the most vulnerable
Trang 20DEPEND
¢ To rely on; to need
¢ Whether small businesses prosper often depends on how well they treat their
customers
¢ Solar energy is sometimes criticized as an unreliable source of power because it is dependent on the sun shining
¢ As teenagers mature, they usually want to become more independent from their
families This can lead to arguments and conflicts with parents and other family
members
¢ Ethnic groups often seek independence for their region They express the desire for autonomy and for the right to self-govern
¢ An alarming number of apparently healthy individuals have a dependence on pain- killers and other medication
Trang 21DEPEND
¢ Whether small businesses prosper often depends on how well they treat their
customers
¢ Solar energy is sometimes criticized as an unreliable source of power because it is dependent on the sun shining
¢ As teenagers mature, they usually want to become more independent from their
families This can lead to arguments and conflicts with parents and other family
members
¢ Ethnic groups often seek independence for their region They express the desire for autonomy and for the right to self-govern
¢ An alarming number of apparently healthy individuals have a dependence on pain- killers and other medication
Trang 22GUIDELINES
¢ Official advice about how to do something
¢ It is essential for the authorities to publish guidelines on how
prisoners should be treated so that those running prisoners clearly understand their duties and responsibilities
¢ It is sometimes argued that if clearer guidelines were published by the powers-that-be, hospitals would be safer as those working there would clearly understand their role
¢ Guidelines suggesting that children should have no more than one sugary snack a day have been praised by health experts
Trang 23GUIDELINES
¢ It is essential for the authorities to publish guidelines on how
prisoners should be treated so that those running prisoners clearly understand their duties and responsibilities
¢ It is sometimes argued that if clearer guidelines were published by the powers-that-be, hospitals would be safer as those working there would clearly understand their role
¢ Guidelines suggesting that children should have no more than one sugary snack a day have been praised by health experts
Trang 24WHAT SHALL | DO NOW ?
¢ Study the language in this lesson ¢ Complete the quiz for this lesson ¢ Study related topics on the course
¢ Visit our website at www.prepareforielts.com
¢ Find out about our other IELTS courses
¢ Get your IELTS Speaking marked by experts ¢ Get your IELTS Writing marked by experts
¢ See lots of FREE IELTS resources created by experts
Trang 25
Copyright ©)