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Table of content Page Introduction…………………………………… 1.1 Rationale………………………………………………………………1 1.2 Research scope………………………………………………… ……2 1.3 Aim of the study…………………………………………………… 1.4 Methods of the study……………………………………………….…2 Literature review…………………………… ………………2 2.1 An overviewon Language Teaching Methods………………………… 2.2 The theory of relative clauses………………… ……… …………… 3 The application of process approach in teaching relative clauses to the students of class 11A2 at Quan Son high school …………………….…….… 13 3.1 The purpose…………………………………………………………….13 3.2 The participants……………………………………………………… 13 3.3 Time and the process of this application……………………………….14 Conclusion 15 References Introduction 1.1 Rationale for the study English may not be the most spoken language in the world, but it is the official language in a large number of countries It is estimated that the number of people in the world that use in English to communicate on a regular basis is billion! English is the dominant business language and it has become almost a necessily for people to speak English if they are to enter a global workforce, research from all over the world shows that cross-border business communication is most often conducted in English Its importance in the global market place therefore cannot be understated, learning English really can change your life In the National curriculum, English is one of the core subjects, which are complusory in the high school final examination Therefore, students have to study all the English skills for their tests However, there still exist many difficulties facing teachers in teaching English to students, especially those from ethnic minorities Quan Son is one of the mountainous districts of Thanh Hoa province The living condition and studying condition are poor and restrict Most of the students of Quan Son high school are ethnic minorities such as Thai, Muong, Mong Ethnic minority students mainly use their mother tongue to communicate inside their families and small communities As a result, ethnic minority students fail to make progress in learning English Especially, they have many difficulties in learning English grammar One of the most difficult grammar parts that students have to face is comparatives and superlatives For these reasons, I would like to choose the topic “method of teaching relative clauses to the students of class 11A2 at Quan Son high school” in the hope of supplying upper1 secondary students, especially the students of class 11A2 at Quan Son high school with enough knowledge of relative clauses 1.2 Reseach scope The study focuces on applying process approach in teaching tag quetions to the students who are in grade 11 so that they can have enough knowledge to exercises related with relative clauses 1.3 Aim of the study The study is aimed to teach relative clauses for the grade -11- students 1.4 Methods of the study In order to achieve the above aim, the teacher supplies or teaches the necessary knowledge about process approach and an overview of relative clauses to the students After that, students will have time to practise them and get feedback as well as correction from their friends and teacher Literature review 2.1 An overview on Language Teaching Methods In the discussion of the history of Language Teaching Methods, it can be understandable that a teaching method which may be effective at one point of time in history may still be ineffective at the other point This dynamic character of the language teaching goals make the history of foreign language teaching ever-changing, ever-adapting Moreover, one method is replaced by another it does not mean that the former is worse than the latter and will be thrown into the wastebasket of history It only means that the replaced method fails to correspond to a certain need at a certain time in history As a result, the history of foreign language teaching method is not the history of replacement of one method by another Rather, it would be the history of adapting one new method to the treasury of existing methods A number of methods have been envolved for the teaching of English and also other foreign language in the past; howerver in Viet Nam three method which enjoy significant use and dominate the language teaching are the Grammar – Translation, the Audio – lingual method and the Communicative language teaching 2.2.Theory of relative clauses We use relative clauses to give additional information about something without starting another sentence By combining sentences with a relative clause, your text becomes more fluent and you can avoid repeating certain words How to Form Relative Clauses Imagine, a girl is talking to Tom You want to know who she is and ask a friend whether he knows her You could say: A girl is talking to Tom Do you know the girl? That sounds rather complicated, doesn't it? It would be easier with a relative clause: you put both pieces of information into one sentence Start with the most important thing – you want to know who the girl is Do you know the girl … As your friend cannot know which girl you are talking about, you need to put in the additional information – the girl is talking to Tom Use „the girl“ only in the first part of the sentence, in the second part replace it with the relative pronoun (for people, use the relative pronoun „who“) So the final sentence is: Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom? Relative Pronouns Relative Use Example Pronoun who subject or object pronoun for people I told you about the woman who lives next door which subject or object pronoun for animals and things Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof? which referring to a whole sentence He couldn’t read which surprised me whose possession for people animals Do you know the and things boy whose mother is a nurse? whom object pronoun for people, I was invited by the especially in non-defining professor whom I met at the relative clauses (in defining conference relative clauses we colloquially prefer who) that subject or object pronoun for I don’t like the table that stands in people, animals and things in the kitchen defining relative clauses (who or which are also possible) Subject Pronoun or Object Pronoun? Subject and object pronouns cannot be distinguished by their forms - who, which, that are used for subject and object pronouns You can, however, distinguish them as follows: If the relative pronoun is followed by a verb, the relative pronoun is a subject pronoun Subject pronouns must always be used the apple which is lying on the table If the relative pronoun is not followed by a verb (but by a noun or pronoun), the relative pronoun is an object pronoun Object pronouns can be dropped in defining relative clauses, which are then called Contact Clauses the apple (which) George lay on the table Relative Adverbs A relative adverb can be used instead of a relative pronoun plus preposition This often makes the sentence easier to understand This is the shop in which I bought my bike → This is the shop where I bought my bike Relative Meaning Use Example adverb when in/on which refers to a time expression the day when we met him where in/at which refers to a place the place where we met him why for which the reason why we met him refers to a reason Defining Relative Clauses Defining relative clauses (also called identifying relative clauses or restrictive relative clauses) give detailed information defining a general term or expression Defining relative clauses are not put in commas Imagine, Tom is in a room with five girls One girl is talking to Tom and you ask somebody whether he knows this girl Here the relative clause defines which of the five girls you mean Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom? Defining relative clauses are often used in definitions A seaman is someone who works on a ship Object pronouns in defining relative clauses can be dropped (Sentences with a relative clause without the relative pronoun are called Contact Clauses.) The boy (who/whom) we met yesterday is very nice Non-Defining Relative Clauses Non-defining relative clauses (also called non-identifying relative clauses or nonrestrictive relative clauses) give additional information on something, but not define it Non-defining relative clauses are put in commas Imagine, Tom is in a room with only one girl The two are talking to each other and you ask somebody whether he knows this girl Here the relative clause is nondefining because in this situation it is obvious which girl you mean Do you know the girl, who is talking to Tom? Note: In non-defining relative clauses, who/which may not be replaced with that Object pronouns in non-defining relative clauses must be used Jim, who/whom we met yesterday, is very nice How to Shorten Relative Clauses? Relative clauses with who, which, that as subject pronoun can be replaced with a participle This makes the sentence shorter and easier to understand I told you about the woman who lives next door. – I told you about the woman living next door Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof? – Do you see the cat lying on the roof? REVISION EXERCISES Exercise 1 : Choose the best answer among A, B , C or D 1) Genghis Khan, _ name means “very mighty ruler”, was a Mongol emperor in the Middle Ages A whom B whose C who D how 2) The children _ sang at the Mayor's parade were from the local school A whose B where C who D whom 3) Galileo, _ published works proving that the Earth revolves around the Sun, continued his scientific experiments even when he went deaf and blind A when B who C where D whose 4) The school programme _ has been interrupted by revision tests requires a regular course study A whose B who C what D that 5) Credit is given in this semester requires approximately three hours of classroom work A which B what C when D where 6) Two courses have the same subjects are in different times A that B what C when D where 7) You may enroll our course by e-mail _ can be faster than other registration forms A who B where C which D when 8) The girl dress you admire has been working for an expo company since she left school A who B what C whose D whom 9) The young man was released after the court was found innocent of all the charges against him A who B who he C which D whose 10) Is that the same film we watched last year? A when B which C why D who 11) The girl _ I borrowed the dictionary asked me to use it carefully A whose B from whom C from whose D whom 12) The pupils _ we took to the amusement park behaved themselves very well A whose B with whom C whom D which 13) Bournemouth, _ we are going to visit next summer, is a real paradise for the retired A that B what C which D in which 14) Thatcher, birthplace was above a shop in the small English town of Grantham, became Prime Minister of Britain four years after she had become the leader of the Conservative Party in 1975 A where B whose C in which D which 15) First jeans, became fashionable for women after they saw them in Vogue magazine, were made by two Americans, Jacob Davis and Levi Strauss A that B whose C of which D which 16) The first television picture _ John Logie Baird transmitted on 25 November, 1905 was a boy worked in the office next to Baird's workroom in London A which / whom B who / which C that / whose D that / who 17) Felix Hoffman, a 29-year-old chemist _ worked for the German company Bayer, invented the drug Aspirin in April 1879 A where B whose C whom D who 18) Joyce Bews, was born and grew up in Portsmouth on the south coast of England, _ she still lives, was 100 last year A that / in which B who / where C that / where D who / that 19) The big clock used to strike the hours day and night was damaged during the war and has been silent ever since A whose B that is C what D which 20) The pollution they were talking is getting worse A that B about which C which D whom 21) The engineer our company relies is on holiday A who B on whom C whose D whom 22) The dam they plan to build will cover acres of forest A which B to which C whom D where 23) He is a talented cricket player abilities include fast bowling and powerful batting A where B whose C whom D of which 24) Eastern Rwanda is very different from the South-west, _ monkeys, birds and orchids thrive in the high altitude primary forest A when B where C which D why 25) Wednesday is the day _ a tour guide leads a tour around the town's historical places A when B which C whose D where 26) Robert Riva, an Italian used to play for Cremonese, now coaches the Reigate under 11's football team A when B which C where D who 27) The town _ the folk festival is taking place is usually a quiet resort A when B where C whom D which 28) As a celebrity many children admire, it is important for her to act responsibly A when B where C whom D whose 29) We always hold a family barbecue in our garden on Independence Day, was on a Tuesday this year A what B that C when D which 30) When I was at school, there was a girl in my class skin was so sensitive that she couldn't expose her skin to the sun even with cream on A where B whose C whom D that 31) We'll row until the spot _ the river bends and then we'll turn back A where B when C whose D which 32) On the days I feel I need to reflect on the past and plan my future, I sit by the river and watch the swans swim past A when B where C whose D which 33) My mother's Elvis Presley tape, she listened to every day, has broken in the music centre A whose B that C where D which 34) Unfortunately, the friend with I intended to go on holiday to Side is ill, so I'll have to cancel my trip A who B whom C where D that 35) According to the research, the time at _ most road accidents happen is early evening A when B which C whose D that 36) The new stadium, will be completed next year, will seat 30,000 spectators A what B where C when D which 37) Blenheim Palace, _ Churchill was born, is now open to the public A when B where C which D whose 38) Students _ register for courses not have any problems A whom B who C what D when 39) August 23rd is the last date you may transfer to another course A which B on whichC why D what 40) Our course needs some requirements are listed here A what B when C which D where 41) Before coming to my office, please check the appointment are listed in my official calendar A that B why C when D where 42) I never forget the time my motorbike broke down in a very crowded street A where B what C when D in which 43) I couldn't remember the time there was no internet A what B who C which D when 44) The restaurant we had our dinner was the most expensive in this city A where B which C when D that 45) The top model about I was telling you is on TV now A who B which C that D whom 46) Are you the student mother called me yesterday? A whose B who C that D when 47) Mary, _ has only been in Japan for months, speaks Japanese perfectly A that B whom C which D who 48) Who is your daughter? She is the child has long, straight hair A whose B who C which D when 49) I don't think my ex-girl friend will remember the day _ we saw each other for the first time A which B on whichC at which D why 50) August is the month I always give my birthday parties A which B in which C what D why Exercise 2 : Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting Every student who majors in English are ready to participate in the orchard A B C D contest Do you know the reason when English men travel to the left? A B C D She is the most beautiful woman whose I have ever met A B C D Mother’s Day is the day when children show their love to their mother A B C on D The New Year Day is the day where all my family members gather A B C and enjoy it together D It is complicated because pollution is caused by things when benefit people A B C D The policeman must try to catch those men whom drive dangerously A B C D He was very surprised when he visited London, in that the drivers A B C always drive on the right hand side of the street D That is the man who he told me the bad news A B C D 10 I don’t know the reason on when Jonathan was sacked A B C D 11 The singer about who I told you yesterday is coming here tomorrow A B C D 12 The man whom helped you yesterday is a television reporter A B C D 13 What is the name of the girl whom has just come in? A B C D 14 Do you know the reason when Englishmen travel on the left side of the streets? A B C D 15 If you want a particular book, the person to see is the librarian she is A B C D wearing glasses 16 I enjoyed the book that you told me to read it A B C D 17 That commentator, his name I have forgotten, is very well-known A B C D 18 Amelia Earhart, that was one of the pioneers in aviation, attempted to A B C fly the world in 1937, but she and her plane mysteriously disappeared over the Pacific Ocean D 19 Sunday is a day where we expect A B C D 20 Have you ever been to Da Lat when my father has a lovely house? A B C D Exercise 3 : Choose one sentence that best rewrites the sentence given: This man studies biology What you call him? A What you call a man who studies biology? B What you call a man, who studies biology? C What you call a man studies biology? D What you call a man whom studies biology? Hemingway developed a very concise writing style His name is well- known throughout the world A Hemingway, his name is well- known throughout the world, developed a very concise writing style B Hemingway, whose is name well- known throughout the world, developed a very concise writing style C Hemingway, whose name is well- known throughout the world, developed a very concise writing style D Hemingway, who developed a very concise writing style, his name is wellknown throughout the world This is the battle field The soldiers fought there A This is the battle field which the soldiers fought B This is the battle field that the soldiers fought C This is the battle field where the soldiers fought there D This is the battle field where the soldiers fought He was born in 1983.There was a severe drought that year A He was born in 1983 when there was a severe drought B He was born in 1983 when was there a severe drought C When there was a severe drought in 1983 he was born D He was born in 1983, there was a severe drought when John Montagu was an English Earl He invented the sandwich 10 A John Montagu, whose invented the sandwich, was an English Earl B John Montagu, who invented the sandwich, was an English Earl C John Montagu, that invented the sandwich, was an English Earl D John Montagu, invented the sandwich, was an English Earl Flies, which come mostly in the summer, carry diseases A Flies, to come mostly in the summer, carry diseases B Flies, come mostly in the summer, carry diseases C Flies, coming mostly in the summer, carry diseases D Flies, that come mostly in the summer, carry diseases There was a candle which burnt in the room A There was a candle burning in the room B There was a candle burnt in the room C There was a candle to burn in the room D There was a candle to be burnt in the room I see a boy who is running in the street A I see a boy running in the street B I see a boy to running in the street C I see a boy to run in the street D None is correct He drew from the bag a watch which had been given for his birthday A He drew from the bag a watch given for his birthday B He drew from the bag a watch been given for his birthday C He drew from the bag a watch had given for his birthday D He drew from the bag a watch had been given for his birthday 10 One of the drivers who was brought by Steward came over to me A One of the drivers that were brought by Steward came over to me B One of the drivers was brought by Steward came over to me C One of the drivers brought by Steward came over to me D One of the drivers bring by Steward came over to me Exercise 4: Change adjective clauses to Phrases ( V-ing , V3 or To V) There is someone who is knocking at the door Passengers who travel on planes shouldn’t smoke The photographs which were taken by my son were extraordinary What can you about a dog which is barking all night? Is there any good place where we can stay tonight? We have an apartment which over looks the park The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light Trains which leave from this station take an hour to get to London 11 The experiment which was conducted at the university of Chicago was successful 10 The ideas that are presented in that book are interesting Exercise 5: Join these pairs of sentences, using Relative Pronouns or Adverbs Put the comma(s) when necessary I have to find the man I accidentally picked up his umbrella this morning Monday is the day We will come then I’ll never forget the day I met you on that day The town was small I grew up there 1960 was the year The revolution took place in that year I apologized to the woman I spilled her coffee They’re the postcards They arrived yesterday The children sang aloud all night This kept their parents awake Maria is studying in New York City The city is called the “ Big Apple” 10 In the room, we saw a lot of children and pets They sang and danced happily Answers : Exercise 1: B C B D A A C C A 10 B 11 B 12 C 13 C 14 B 15 D 16 D 17 D 18 B 19 D 20 B 21 B 22 A 23 B 24 B 25 A 26 D 27 B 28 C 29 D 30 B 31 A 32 A 33 D 34 B 35 B 36 D 37 B 38 B 39 B 40 C 41 A 42 C 43 D 44 A 45 D 46 A 47 D 48 B 49 B 50 B Exercise 2: C C C D B C C C C 10 B 11 A 12 B 13 C 14 C 15 D 16 D 17 B 18 A 19 C 20 C Exercise 3: A C D A B C A A A 10 C Exercise 4: There is someone knocking at the door Passenger travelling on planes shouldn’t smoke The photograph taken by my son was extraordinary What can you about a dog barking all night ? 12 Is there any good place for us to stay tonight? We have an apartment overlooking the park The last person to leave the room must turn off the light Trains leaving from this station take an hour to get to London The experiment conducted at the university of Chicago was successful 10 The ideas presented in that book are interesting Exercise 5: I have to find the man whose umbrella I accidentally picked up this morning Monday is the day when we will come I’ll never forget the day on which / when I met you The town where I grew up was small 1960 was the year in which / when the revolution took place I apologized to the woman whose coffee I spilled They ‘re the postcards which/that arrived yesterday The children sang aloud all night, which kept their parents awake Maria is studying in New York City, which is called the “ Big Apple” 10 In the room, we saw a lot of children and pets that sang and danced happily The application of process approach in teaching RELATIVE CLAUSES to the students of class 11A2 at Quan Son high school 3.1.The purpose The application is aimed at teaching relative clauses through process approach for the students of class 11A2 at Quan Son high school then improving English grammar for them From this, they will prepare better for their tests and may get good mark for this part 3.2 The participants The application is carried out with 32 students of the class 10A3 who have been learning English for years( years at lower secondary school with English 6,7, 8, and years at upper secondary school with English 10) These students are from Quan Son high school in Quan Son, Thanh Hoa Among 32 students who take part in the study, about one- third of them has good knowledge in English and the rest are not interested in learning, so they not have enough vocabulary as well as structure to master English grammar 13 3.3.Time and the process of the application The study is carried out on extra lessons on Thursday and Saturday afternoons of the class 11A2 Each lesson last 45 minutes The study lasts a month ( from March,10th, 2018 to April,10th 2018) with 12 lessons The teacher teaches related knowledge ( as mentioned in Literature review) and gets the students to practise the process,then give feedback and correction The teacher followed these stages below: + Stage 1: The teacher used traditional method: providing the students with the full theory of relative clauses and then giving them examples to illustrate + Stage 2: The teacher asked the students to lots of exercises and checks their results Students’ results based on the first survey: Class Number 11A2 32 Distinction No % Credit No % 6.4 Pass No % 15 46,8 Weakness No % 15 46,8 + Stage 3: Because of the students’ low results, the teacher was really worried about the students’ study The teacher disscussed the problem with other teachers Moreover, the teacher directly talked with the students about the difficulty that they were facing with The result showed that the method the teacher used was not suitable It was too fast that the students couldn’t catch up with the entire theory of conditional sentences, which the teacher provided them The teacher realized that there might be a change in teaching method + Stage : During reviewing periods, the teacher tried to applied a new teaching method With the knowledge system as above, the teacher proceeded as follows: - Firstly, the teacher gave examples and analysted stuents understand - Secondly, the teacher draw the formula from the examples - Next, the teacher began to provide the theory of relative clauses for the students 14 - After that, the teacher gave students another examples to help them understand more + Stage : After applying the new teaching method, the teacher did survey again and received better results as follows: Students’ results based on the second survey: Class Number 11A2 32 Distinction No % Credit No % 28.1 Pass No % 16 50 Weakness No % 17.8 Conclusion I have mentioned before, ethnic minority students of class 11A2 at Quan Son high school are not good at English This makes students usually feel tired and bored and don’t concern about this subject, so the teacher should combine all activities to creat excitement for students and make stuents love English This is my own experience in teaching relative clauses to the students of class 11A2 this school year I believe that the students will have more confidence in their study I hope this method can be applied in our school widely Finally, I hope to receive ideas from other teachers so as to have the better study I ensure not to copy XÁC NHẬN CỦA THỦ TRƯỞNG ĐƠN VỊ HIỆU TRƯỞNG 15 Quan Son, 5, 25th, 2018 NGƯỜI VIẾT SKKN Tạ Quốc Việt Phạm Xuân Chiến References 16 Hoàng Văn Vân( Chủ biên)( 2011) Tiếng Anh 11, Nhà xuất giáo dục Việt Nam Jeremy Harmer( 2008), How to teach English, Longman Brow, H Doughlas( 2001), Teaching by principles, New York Pearson Education Randolph Quirk (2003), A University Grammar of English, Nhà xuất Hải Phòng Raymond Murphy (2003), Essential Grammar In Use, Nhà xuất Giao thơng vận tải Tìm hiểu khai thác kênh mang Internet Một số tài liệu tham khảo khác DANH MỤC 17 CÁC ĐỀ TÀI SÁNG KIẾN KINH NGHIỆM ĐÃ ĐƯỢC HỘI ĐỒNG ĐÁNH GIÁ XẾP LOẠI CẤP PHÒNG GD&ĐT, CẤP SỞ GD&ĐT VÀ CÁC CẤP CAO HƠN XẾP LOẠI TỪ C TRỞ LÊN Họ tên tác giả: Phạm Xuân Chiến Chức vụ đơn vị công tác: Giáo viên trường THPT Quan Sơn TT Tên đề tài SKKN Câu bị động dạng tập trắc nghiệm Phương pháp dạy câu trực tiếp gián tiếp phù hợp với Kết Cấp đánh đánh giá giá xếp loại xếp loại (Phòng, Sở, (A, B, Tỉnh ) C) Hội đồng C khoa học ngành Hội đồng C khoa học ngành Năm học đánh giá xếp loại 2011 - 2012 2013 - 2014 học sinh trường THPT Quan Sơn Teaching comparaives and superlatives to the students of Hội đồng khoa học ngành class 10A1 at Quan Son upper secondary school in Quan Son, Thanh Hoa province 18 B 2015 - 2016 ... students of class 11A2 at Quan Son high school? ?? in the hope of supplying upper1 secondary students, especially the students of class 11A2 at Quan Son high school with enough knowledge of relative... happily The application of process approach in teaching RELATIVE CLAUSES to the students of class 11A2 at Quan Son high school 3.1 .The purpose The application is aimed at teaching relative clauses... loại 20 11 - 20 12 2013 - 20 14 học sinh trường THPT Quan Sơn Teaching comparaives and superlatives to the students of Hội đồng khoa học ngành class 10A1 at Quan Son upper secondary school in Quan Son,
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