(Sáng kiến kinh nghiệm) the methods help students to determine the primary stress position of the english words quickly and effectively

A INTRODUCTION I THE REASON FOR CHOOSING THE TOPIC In the trend of globalization today, the importance of English cannot be denied and ignored because it is widely used everywhere in the world Along with the development of technology, medicine, engineering and education English plays a very important role Besides mother tongue, everybody in the world can use English to communicate with one another It is English that helps people closer, more friendly and understandable Therefore, this language is going to become the common language of human English is the international language, so we have to learn how to pronounce each word correctly and have rhythm, intonation from words to speeches And one of these problems is “The primary stress position of the words” Determining the primary stress position of the words is one of the most difficult parts in pronunciation whereas it always appears both in communication and in exercises, tests as well as the national examinations During the process of teaching at Dong Tan primary school, I have found the methods which can help students determine the primary stress position of the words quickly and effectively And I am writing into my initiative “THE METHODS HELP STUDENTS TO DETERMINE THE PRIMARY STRESS POSITION OF THE ENGLISH WORDS QUICKLY AND EFFECTIVELY” This is considered to be a reference document, thus I would like the colleagues to give comments and ideas to my initiative so that I can make it perfect and practically used in teaching II OBJECTIVES, TASKS AND THE METHODS OF RESEARCHING Objectives of the topic 1.1 For the students - Determine the objectives, the requirement and the importance of English - Understand the methods of determining the primary stress position of the words quickly, effectively when doing exercises, tests and examinations - Know how to apply the methods of determining the primary stress position of the words to exercises, tests and examinations about stress - Speak English perfectly with accurate stress 1.2 For the teacher - Guides, examines and remarks the students to study the methods of determining the primary stress position of the words quickly, effectively - Follows close to the process of teaching English especially when teaching students to exercises, tests, study for getting GCSE, attend to advanced students examinations or entrance examinations to university - Supplies useful knowledge and good experiences for myself in order to improve the quality of teaching The tasks of implementing the topic - Understand the students’ state of skill of doing stress exercises - Studying the skill of doing stress exercises - Apply the topic to teach English in Dong Tan primary school - Compare, collate the result of implementing the topic - Remark, have conclusion about the result and effect of the topic The main methods of studying the subject I write this topic based on: + The method of studying theory + The method of investigating + Comparison, collation and summary of the result, effect of the topic Studied objects of the topic - The students of class 8A and 8B : The academic year 2015 -2016 - Dong Tan secondary school III THE REAL STATE OF PROBLEM RESEARCH The real state During the process of teaching English at Dong Tan primary school, having helped students to study for getting GCSE, take part in advanced students examinations and entrance examinations to universities and colleges Through many years of my own teaching, I realize that most of students are bad at not only knowledge but also the skill of identifying the primary stress position of the words when they exercises, tests, examinations about the stress of the words With the primary stress position of words exercises require students to have certain knowledge, and they have to know and remember the main rules of position of the primary stress They may learn them by heart and apply these rules to exercises flexibly so that they will get good result Many years ago, when taking the national examinations, students had many difficulties in indentifying the main stress of the words in the test At that time only about 30 percent of the students in Dong Tan primary school was able to this kind of exercise From this consequence, we can see that: If the teachers pay no attention to innovating the method of teaching and helping students have the best way to determine the primary stress of the words, they cannot understand how to it effectively and quickly To improve above consequence as well as help the students of our school to this kind of this exercise better and more confidently, I present some methods or called the rules of determining the primary stress position of the words quickly, effectively In this subject I will present some basic rules that students can understand and remember easily, from that they will be able to apply to exercises, tests or examinations effectively The consequency of the real state: I applied my topic to teach the students of class 8A in the academic year 2015-2016 Through the fact of teaching, I could hold the real ability of the students as well as their ways of determining position of stress, and I had practical solution to support, guide them to this kind of exercise scientifically and effectively For the students, by applying this method they could determine the position of the primary stress quickly and exactly B SOLUTION I THE MEASURES OF IMPLEMENTING For the teacher: - Guides the students to study basic knowledge and the rules of position of the primary stress in the English words - Reminds the students to learn the rules of each part of stress by heart - Prepares exercises, tests for each part and the synthetic general exercises - Has the students practise to analyse, compare and collate For the students: - Concentrate on the lessons; understand the rules, the methods to find out position of the primary stress of the words, - Know how to apply what they have learnt to exercises, tests, examinations, flexibly and effectively - Compare, estimate and get out experience by themselves to exercises, tests or examinations of stress better II.THE METHODS OF ORGANIZING TO IMPLEMENT NOTES - The primary stress of words is marked with a comma ( ‘ ) in front of or above the syllable containing stress - Primary stress of words falls in two or more than two – syllable words and in syllables containing vowels as a, e, i, o, or, u - Primary stress of words never falls in weak syllables containing /ə/ The topic “The methods help students to determine the primary stress of the English words quickly and effectively” is the methods to determine the primary stress position of English words which appears in exercises, tests, examinations quickly, effectively and speaking English more accurately, consists of three following parts: DEFINITE STRESS 1.1 Stress in suffixes For the stem words with the following suffixes, stress is on these suffixes: - ee refugee /refju’dzi/ - ese Chinese / tʃai’ni:z/ - ette cigarette /sigə’ret/ - esque picturesque /piktʃə’resk/ - ique unique /ju:’ni:k/ - oo bamboo /bæm’bu:/ -ade lemonade /lemə’neid/ -self himself /him’self/ -ur occur /ə’kɜ:/ -dict predict /pri’dikt/ -ect effect /i’fekt/ -fer prefer /prifɜ:/ -mit commit /kə’mit/ -pel compel /kəm’pel/ -press express /ek’pres/ -rupt corrupt /kərʌpt/ - sist assist /ə’sist/ -test detest /di’test/ -tract attract /ə’trækt/ -vert avert /ə’vɜ:t/ -vent prevent /pri’vent/ - aire millionaire /miliə’neə/ -ain entertain /entə’tein/ (apply to verbs) 1.2 The words with the following suffixes have stress on the syllables right in front of these suffixes -sion discussion /dis’kʌʃn/ -tion foundation /fau’deiʃn/ -ic economic /i:kə’nɒmik/ -ical economical /i:kə’nɒmikl/ -ity familiarity/fæmili’ærəti/ -ial official /ə’fiʃəl/ -ially oficially/ə’fiʃəli/ -tive suggestive /sə’dʒestiv/ -ative representative /repri’zentətiv/ -logy technology /tek’nɒlədʒi/ -ian librarian /lai’breəriən/ -ance attendance /ə’tendən/ -ence independence /indi’pendənt/ -ience experience /ik’spiəriən/ -ient efficient /i’fiʃənt/ -iar familiar /fə’miliə/ -eous spontaneous /spɒn’teinəs/ -ious victorious /vik’tɒriəs/ -ory memory /’meməri/ -cial financial /fai’næʃl/ -tial preferential /prefə’renʃl/ -cion suspicion /sʌs’piʃən/ -xious anxious /’ænʃiəs/ Except for : television /’teliviʒən/ Politics /’pɒlətiks/ Arabic /’ærəbik/ Lunantic /’lu:nətik/ Arithmetic /ə’ri θmətik/ Cathotic /’kæθətik/ Rhetoric /’retərik/ 1.3 The words with the following suffixes, stress is on the third syllable counting from the last syllable of the word -ate consulate /’kɒnsjulit/ -ute constitute /’kɒnstitju:t/ -ude institude /’institju:/ -ite opposite /’ɒpəzit/ -ary documentary /dɒkju’mentəri/ -ative propagative /’prɒpəgeitive/ -fy beautify /’bju:tifai/ -ply multiply /’mʌltiplai/ -ise econnomise /i’kɒnəmaiz/ -ize modernize /’mɒdənize/ POSITION OF THE PRIMARY STRESS DEPENDS ON THE FORMS OF THE: VERBS – NOUNS – ADJECTIVES – ADVERBS 2.1 Stress in two-syllable words 2.1.1 Two - syllables words have unequal strength - Stress of the most of these words is on the stronger syllables Ex: Advice (n) /əd’vais/ Machine (n) /mə’ʃi:n/ Mistake (n) /mis’teik/ answer (n-v) / ‘ænsə/ happen (v) /’hæpən/ amazed (v) /ə’meizd/ alone (adj – adv) / ə’l əʊ/ 2.1.2 Two - syllables words have unequal strength Position of stress depends on the forms the words VERBS: In this case, stress of most of the words is on the second syllables Ex: begin /bi’gin/ relax /re’læks/ maintain /mein’tein/ NOUNS, ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS Stress is on the first syllable of most of nouns, adjectives and adverbs Ex: hobby (n) /’hɒbi/ habit (n) /’hæbit/ luckily (adv) /’lʌki/ busy (a) /’bizi/ pretty (a) /’priti/ 2.2 Stress in three - syllable words - The rules for verbs For most three-syllable words, stress is on the last syllable Ex: entertain /entə’tein/ understand /ʌndə’stænd/ introduce /intrə’dju:/ - If the last syllable is weak or short, stress is on the second syllable Ex : develop / di’veləp/ determine /di’tɜ:min/ - Stress is not on the first syllable, except for the definite stress in part (1.1) Ex : concentrate /’kɒnsentreit/ Modernize /’mɒdənaiz/ - Rulers for nouns, adjectives, adverbs + For most three-syllable nouns, adjectives, adverbs, stress is on the first syllable Ex: Cinema /’sinəmə/ Intellect /’intəlekt/ Government /‘gʌvmənt/ Difficult /’difiklt/ Different /’difərənt/ + If the first syllable is a weak, short one, or ended with /əʊ/, the main stress is on the second syllable Ex: Computer /kəm’pju:tə/ Potato /pə’teitəʊ/ Disaster /di’za:stə/ +For three – syllable nouns, adjectives and adverbs, stress is rare on the third syllable, except for part [1.1] Ex: volunteer /vɒlən’tɪə/ referee /refə’ri:/ 2.3: Stress in words of more than three syllables - For more than three syllables words which does not belong to definite stress, stress is usually on the third syllable counting from the last syllable Ex: Biology /bai’ɒlədʒi/ Philosophy /fi’lɒsəfi/ Manificent /mæn’nifiksənt/ Trigonometry /trigə’nɒmətri/ OTHER MATTERS OF STRESS 3.1 For two- syllable words which have both noun and verb meanings - Nouns have stress on the first syllable - Verbs have stress on the second syllable Ex: Words Contrast Verbs /kən’tra:st/ Decrease Export Nouns /’kɒntra:st/ /’dikri:s/ /’ekspɔ:t/ Insult /’insʌlt/ Progress /’prəʊgres/ /in’sʌlt/ /prə’gres/ Record /’rek ɔ:d/ /ri’k ɔ:d/ /di’kri:s/ /iks’pɔ:t/ 3.2 The primary stress position of compound nouns 3.2.1 Most compound nouns have main stress position on the first syllable Ex: filmmaker /’filmmeikə/ shorthand /‘ʃɔ:thænd/ bookshop /’bʊkʃɒp/ airport /’eəpɔ:/ dropout /’drɒpaut/ check-up /’tʃekʌp/ breakdown /’breikdau/ 10 3.2.1 But compound verbs combined from a verb and a preposition have stress on the second syllable Ex: breakdown /breik’dau/ tryout /trai’aut/ walkout /wɔ:lk’aut/ dropout /drɒp’aut/ check –up /tʃe’kʌp/ 3.3 Affects of suffixes for the position of stress 3.3.1 The following suffixes neither have stress nor affect to position the main stress of words -able, -age, -al, -en, -ful, -ing, -ed, -ish, -like, -less, -ly, -ment, -ness, -ous, -fy, -wise, -y Ex: ly ful ing Dangerous Beauty Engineer ment develop /’deindʒərəs/ /’bju:ti/ /endʒi’nɪə/ /di’veləp/ Dangerously Beautiful Engineering development /’deindʒərəsli/ /’bju:tifl/ /endʒi’nɪəriŋ/ /di’veləpmənt/ 3.3.2.The suffixes make a change of the position of stress - The following suffixes can make a change of the possition of stress in original words al, ary, ity, ion, ic,ial , alism, ian, ious Ex: -ian human -ity -al -ial durable environment president -alism -ion experiment exhibit /’hju:mən/ humanitarian /hju:m æni’teərɪən/ /’djurəbl/ durability /djurə’biləti/ /in’vaiərəmənt/ environmental /invaiərəmæntəl/ /’prezidənt/ presidential /prezi’denʃl/ /iks’perimənt/ experimentaliasm /iksperi’mentəlizəm/ /ig’zibi/ exhibition /igzi’biʃn/ 11 C CONCLUSION AND PROPOSAL: I THE RESULT OF RESEARCHING - Through surveying, experimenting, comparing and collating the result that the students of 8A school year 2015-2016 applied my subject to exercises, tests and examinations of stress, I have conclusion that : About the theory: 1.1 For the teacher - Creates the teaching methods which are suitable for students request - Forms and applies the methods, skills of doing exercises on stress to teach the students flexibly and effectively From this, I have been improving my quality of English teaching 1.2 For the students - Understand and know how to exercises, tests, examinations of stress perfectly They feel confident and enjoy doing this kind of exercises About the fact : - Through result of doing stress exercises, tests and examinations, it can be seen that the experience and result of the students in doing this kind of this exercise have been improving much more than they used to be Because they can understand the basic rules of determining the primary stress primary of the words Furthermore, they can pronounce English words better and speak English perfectly - To have a basic comparison, give out the exact conclusion for the studying process and applying the topic to teach English in Dong Tan primary school I implemented to examine and collate the result of class 8A and 8B, the academic year 2015 -2016 + Class 8A was not applied the above topic + Class 8B was applied the above topic Question: Find the word with the stress pattern different from that of the other three words in each question (Allowed time: 15 minutes) 12 A Octorber B November C December D.January A advice B.beauty C picture D postcard A prepare B practise C prevent D provide A famous B curious C anxious D delicious A business B passion C favourite D banana A theatre B career C cinema D gallery A realize B improve C possible D.comfortable A practical B secretary C manager D immediately A pioneer B destination C artificial D essential C develop D encourage 10 A protection B separate The achieved result of two classes: Class Total Mark 0-4 number % 8A 32 12,5 8B 34 14,7 Mark 5-6 SL % 14 43,75 15 44,1 Mark 7-8 SL % 25 23,5 Mark 9-10 SL % 18,75 17,7 II PROPOSAL: Application the topic: “The methods help students to determine the primary stress position of the English words” has been gaining good result Because of time limitation, I not avoid errors I would like to receive feedback from my colleagues, especially teachers who teach English to make my initiatives more complete and widely applied in the teaching process Principle's signature Le Thanh Hai Thanh Hoa city, december 10th 2016 I confirm that this innitiative is written by myself Do not copy from any others Written by Mai Thi Thu 13 CONTENTS PAGES A INTRODUCTION I THE REASON OF SELECTING THE TOPIC II OBJECTIVES, TASKS, OBJECTS, AND THE METHODS OF RESEARCHING III THE REAL STATE OF PROBLEM RESEARCH 14 The real state 2 The consequence of The real state B SOLUTION I THE MEASURES OF IMPLEMENTING II THE METHODS OF ORGANIZING TO IMPLEMENTING Definite stress Stress changes to depend on the forms of the words Other matters of stress 10 C.CONCLUSION AND PROPOSAL 12 I THE RESULT OF RESEARCH 12 II PROPOSAL 13 15 ... /ə/ The topic ? ?The methods help students to determine the primary stress of the English words quickly and effectively? ?? is the methods to determine the primary stress position of English words. .. about the stress of the words With the primary stress position of words exercises require students to have certain knowledge, and they have to know and remember the main rules of position of the primary. .. If the teachers pay no attention to innovating the method of teaching and helping students have the best way to determine the primary stress of the words, they cannot understand how to it effectively