ôn lại kiến thức ngữ pháp cơ bản dành cho những người cần ôn ngữ pháp để thi toeic, kèm theo là những ví dụ minh họa cụ thể dễ hình dung hơn, để sau dễ dàng áp dụng một cách nhanh chóng trong bài thi thực tế
Unit 7: Present continuous /ˌprez ənt kənˈtɪn.ju əs/ – Thì tiếp diễn (+) S + am/is/are + Ving I am = I’m He/She/It is We/You/They are = We’re (-) S + am/is/are + not + Ving (?) Wh_ + am/is/are + S + Ving? • Wh_ + am/is/are + Ving? - Chỉ hành động “đang xảy ra” thời điểm nói = He’s She is driving to work - (Cô lái xe tới chỗ làm) now ~ at the moment ~ at present: bây giờ, - Chỉ hành động xảy “xung - Linh wants to have a good - quanh thời điểm nói” job, so she’s today (hôm nay), this week (tuần này), learning this year (năm nay) English ➔ Chỉ mang tính tạm thời (*có thể thời điểm nói, Linh khơng học Tiếng Anh) Trong câu có từ như: Look!, Watch! (nhìn kìa); Listen! (nghe này); Keep - Diễn tả hành động xảy - tương lai; “đã lên I am visiting my parents silent! (hãy im lặng); next week Watch out! = Look out! (coi chừng); Be kế hoạch” xếp trước; (Sang tuần, thăm ba khả xảy cao Cách dùng 1|Page careful! (hãy cẩn mẹ) thận) Ví dụ Dấu hiệu Yêu Tiếng Anh Các nguyên tắc thêm đuôi “-ing” Các động từ kết thúc “e” ta bỏ “e” trước thêm “-ing”: - invite -> inviting invite /ɪnˈvaɪt/ (v): mời - write -> writing write /raɪt/ (v): viết Các động từ kết thúc đuôi “ie” ta đổi “ie” thành “y” trước thêm “-ing”: - lie -> lying lie /laɪ/ (v): nằm; nói dối - tie -> tying tie /taɪ/ (v): cột, buộc, trói Các động từ “ee” giữ ngun thêm “-ing”: - see -> seeing see /siː/ (v): nhìn Khi động từ theo nguyên tắc “phụ âm – ngun âm – phụ âm” gấp đơi phụ âm cuối thêm “-ing”: - stop -> stopping stop /stɑːp/ (v): dừng - plan -> planning plan /plæn/ (v): lên kế hoạch - begin -> beginning begin /bɪˈɡɪn/ (v): bắt đầu Bài tập 1: Chia động từ sau tiếp diễn, gạch chân dấu hiệu có Be careful! The car (go) _ so fast Listen! Someone (cry) _ in the next room - cry /kraɪ/ (v): khóc T.T _ your brother (sit) next to the beautiful girl over there at present? - over there: đằng Now they (try) _ to pass the examination - try + to V: cố gắng làm 2|Page - pass /pæs/ (v): vượt qua; băng qua Yêu Tiếng Anh It’s 12 o’clock, and my parents (cook) _ lunch in the kitchen - parents /ˈper.ənt/ (n): bố mẹ Keep silent! You (talk) _ so loudly - loudly /ˈlaʊdli/ (adv): ồn ào, to tiếng I (not stay) _ at home at the moment Now she (lie) _ to her mother about her bad marks - mark /mɑːrk/ (n): điểm số At present they (travel) _ to New York - travel /ˈtræv.əl/ (v): di chuyển, du lịch 10 He (not work) _ in his office now - office /ˈɑː.fɪs/ (n): văn phòng 11 He (not read) _ at present 12 I (look) _ for Christine Do you know where she is? - look for (v): tìm kiếm 13 It (get) _ dark Shall I turn on the light? - dark /dɑːrk/ (a): tối -> get dark: trở nên tối - turn on (v): bật - light /laɪt/ (n): điện sáng 14 They (build) _ a new supermarket in the center of the town - build /bɪld/ (v): xây dựng - town /taʊn/ (n): thị trấn 15 Have you got an umbrella? It (start) _ to rain - umbrella /ʌmˈbrel.ə/ (n): ô 3|Page Yêu Tiếng Anh 16 You (make) _ a lot of noise Can you be quieter? I am trying to concentrate - quiet /ˈkwaɪ.ət/ (a): yên tĩnh, yên lặng -> quieter (a): yên lặng - concentrate /ˈkɑːn.sən.treɪt/ (v): tập trung 17 Why are all those people here? What (happen) _? 18 Please don’t make so much noise I (try) _ to work 19 Let’s go out now It (not rain) _ any more - go out (v): ngoài, chơi 20 You can turn off the radio I (not listen) _ to it - turn off (v): tắt Bài tập 2: Khoanh tròn đáp án Andrew has just started evening classes He _ German A are learning B is learning C am learning D learning The workers _ a new house right now A are building B am building C is building D build Tom _ two poems at the moment? A are writing B are writeing C is writeing D is writing - poem /ˈpoʊ.əm/ (n): thơ The chief engineer _ all the workers of the plant now A is instructing B are instructing C instructs D instruct - engineer /ˌen.dʒɪˈnɪr/ (n): kỹ sư - chief /tʃiːf/ (n): trưởng; đứng đầu - instruct /ɪnˈstrʌkt/ (v): hướng dẫn ~ teach (v) - plant /plænt/ (n): nhà máy 4|Page Yêu Tiếng Anh He _ his pictures at the moment A isn’t paint B isn’t painting C aren’t painting D don’t painting - paint /peɪnt/ (v): vẽ; sơn -> painting (n): vẽ; paint (n): sơn We _ the herbs in the garden at present A don’t plant B doesn’t plant C isn’t planting D aren’t planting - plant /plænt/ (v): trồng - herb /ɝːb/ - /hɜːb/ (n): thảo mộc Your father _ your motorbike at the moment A is repairing B are repairing C don’t repair D doesn’t repair - repair /rɪˈper/ (v) = fix (v): sửa chữa Look! The man _ the children to the cinema A is takeing B are taking C is taking D are takeing - take + sb/smt + to …: đưa ai/cái tới … Listen! The teacher _ a new lesson to us A is explaining B are explaining C explain D explains - explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ (v): giải thích - lesson /ˈles.ən/ (n): học 10 They _ tomorrow A are coming B is coming C coming D comes - tomorrow /təˈmɔːr.oʊ/: ngày mai 5|Page Yêu Tiếng Anh Bài tập 3: Tìm lỗi sai viết lại cho Are you homework right now? homework /ˈhoʊm.wɝːk/ (n): tập nhà _ doing The children play football in the back yard at the moment yard /jɑːrd/ (n): sân _ are playing What does your elder sister doing? _ Look! Those people are fight with each other fight /faɪt/ (v): đánh, chiến đấu _ fighting Noah is tries very hard for the upcoming exam upcoming /ˈʌpˌkʌm.ɪŋ/ (a): tới _ triesing Bài tập 4: Viết lại câu sau, dựa vào từ cho sẵn My/ father/ water/ some plants/ the/ garden water /ˈwɑː.t̬ ɚ/ (v): tưới nước _ My/ mother/ clean/ floor/ floor /flɔːr/ (n): sàn nhà _ my mother is cleaning floor Mary/ have/ lunch/ her/ friends/ a/ restaurant have lunch /lʌntʃ/ (v): ăn trưa _ They/ ask/ a/ man/ about/ the/ way/ the/ railway/ station way to V/smt: cách … _ My/ student/ draw/ a/ beautiful/ picture draw /drɑː/ (v): vẽ _ 6|Page Yêu Tiếng Anh Bài tập 5: Chia dạng động từ, dạng PHỦ ĐỊNH (not) Tim _ (work) this week He’s on holiday I _ (get) tired I need a rest Paul and Sally have had an argument They (speak) to each other Andrew has just started evening classes He _ (learn) German I want to lose weight, so this week I _ (eat) lunch Kate phoned me last night She’s on holiday in France She _ (have) a great time and doesn’t want to come back You can turn off the radio I _ (listen) to it Bài tập 6: Hoàn thành câu với dạng động từ get /ɡet/ (v): happen /ˈhæp.ən/ (v): look /lʊk/ (v): lose /luːz/ (v): trở nên; nhận, lấy xảy nhìn mất; thua make /meɪk/ (v): start /stɑːrt/ (v): stay /steɪ/ (v): try /traɪ/ (v): tạo bắt đầu + to V: cố gắng I _ for Christine Do you know where she is? It _ dark Shall I turn on the light? They don’t have anywhere to live at the moment They _ with friends until they find somewhere Things are not so good at work The company _ money Have you got an umbrella? It _ to rain You _ a lot of noise Can you be quieter? I to concentrate Why are all these people here? What _? 7|Page Yêu Tiếng Anh Unit 8: Present simple /ˌprez.ənt ˈsɪm.pəl/ – Thì đơn Trường hợp Động từ “tobe” (+) S + am/is/are + … - She is very happy (-) S + am/is/are + not + … - We are not alone (?) Wh_ + am/is/are + S + …? - They’re doctors Trường hợp Động từ thường (+) S + V or Vs/es I V do not = don’t (-) S + do/does + not + V He/She/It Vs/es does does not = doesn’t (?) Wh_ + do/does + S + V? You/We/They V • Wh_ + V or Vs/es? - Chỉ hành động “lặp lặp lại”: - Nurses look after patients - always (luôn luôn); thói quen, chân lí, thật hiển in hospitals usually nhiên (thường (Các y tá chăm sóc bệnh nhân xuyên); sometimes ~ bệnh viên) often (thi thoảng); never (không bao - I usually go away at weekends giờ) - (hàng ngày/tuần …) (Tơi thường xun ngồi vào cuối tuần) every day/week … - once a month: lần tháng - The earth goes round the sun - twice a year: hai lần năm … (Trái đất quay xung quanh mặt trời) 8|Page Yêu Tiếng Anh Các nguyên tắc thêm đuôi “s/es” Các động từ kết thúc đuôi “o – s – x – z – ch - sh” ta thêm “es” o wash -> washes wash /wɑːʃ/ (v): rửa, giặt, lau chùi o teach -> teaches teach /tiːtʃ/ (v): dạy Các động từ kết thúc “y” ta đổi “y” thành “i” thêm “es”: o fly -> flies fly /flaɪ/ (v): bay o tidy -> tidies tidy /ˈtaɪ.di/ (v): dọn dẹp Cách phát âm đuôi “s/es” Phát âm /iz/ từ tận phụ âm gió /s/, /z/, / ʃ/, /t ʃ / ʒ/, / dʒ/ (thường từ vựng có tận chữ: s – ss – ch – sh – x – z – o – ge – ce) o washes /wɑːʃiz/ (v): giặt giũ o teaches /tiːtʃiz/ (v): dạy o miss /mɪsiz/ (v): nhớ o changes /tʃeɪndʒiz/ (v): thay đổi Phát âm /s/ từ tận phụ âm / θ/ /k/, /p/, /f/, /t/ (cách nhớ: phí tiền) o books /bʊks/ (v): đặt trước o laugh /læfs/ (v): cười o stop /stɑːps/ (v): dừng Phát âm /z/ tận âm cịn lại o plans /plỉnz/ (v): lên kế hoạch 9|Page Yêu Tiếng Anh Bài tập 1: Khoanh tròn đáp án động từ gạch chân dấu hiệu có police /pəˈliːs/ (n): cảnh sát Police catch/ catches robbers wear /wer/ (v): mặc My dad is a driver He always wear/ wears a white coat They never drink/ drinks beer Lucy go/ goes window-shopping seven times a month She have/ has a pen eat out (v): ăn Mary and Marcus eat out/ eats out every day Mark usually watch/ watches TV before going to bed Maria is a teacher She teach/ teaches students Bài tập 2: Điền trợ động từ dạng phủ định (don’t/doesn’t + V) I like tea He play football in the afternoon midnight /ˈmɪd.naɪt/: đêm You go to bed at midnight They the homework on weekends arrive /əˈraɪv/ (v): đến The bus arrive at 8.30 a.m My brother finish work at p.m finish /ˈfɪn.ɪʃ/ (v): kết thúc, hoàn thành Our friends live in a big house The cat like me Bài tập 3: Chia động từ dạng I often (travel) _ to some of my favorite destinations every summer - destination /ˌdes.təˈneɪ.ʃən/ (n): điểm đến Our Math lesson usually (finish) _ at 4.00 p.m 10 | P a g e Yêu Tiếng Anh I tried to phone Laura this morning, but there _ (be) no answer She _ (go) out There + tobe …: Có … I met Jim a few days ago He just _ (come) back from holiday He _ (look) very well Yesterday Kevin _ (get) a phone call from Sally He _ (be) very surprised He _ (send) a lot of emails, but she never _ (reply) to them surprised /sɚˈpraɪzd/ (a): ngạc nhiên reply to /rɪˈplaɪ/ (v): hồi đáp “Was Paul at the party when you arrived?” “No, he _ (go) home I felt very tired when I got home, so I _ (go) straight to bed feel -> felt -> felt (v): cảm thấy straight /streɪt/ (a) (adv): thẳng The house was very quiet when I got home Everybody (go) to bed quiet /ˈkwaɪ.ət/ (a): yên lặng Sorry, I am late The car _ (break) down on my way here We were driving along the road when we _ (see) a car which _ (break) down, so we _ (stop) to help 43 | P a g e Yêu Tiếng Anh Unit 15: Be going to (do) – tương lai gần (+) S + am/is/are + going to + V (-) S + am/is/are + not + going to + V (?) Wh_ + am/is/are + S + going to + V? ** Ta dùng nói hành động “đã định”, ta dự định làm việc ➔ Are you going to watch the late film on TV tonight? (Bạn có dự định xem phim muộn tối không?) ➔ No, I’m going to have an early night (Không, dự ngủ sớm) ➔ I hear Sarah has won some money What is she going to with it? (Tôi nghe Sarah giành tiền Cơ dự định làm với số tiền đó?) Phân biệt tiếp diễn (dùng tương lai) tương lai gần am/is/are + Ving am/is/are + going to + V Ta dùng tiếp diễn nói việc ta Ta dùng tương lai gần nói việc “sắp xếp rồi”, ví dụ gặp hay đâu - What time are you meeting Ann this xếp cho nó) evening? (Mấy bạn gặp Ann chiều nay?) - “quyết định rồi” (nhưng chưa - I’ve decided not to stay here any longer I’m leaving tomorrow I’ve got my plane Tomorrow I’m ticket (Mai rời khỏi Tôi mua vé máy somewhere else to stay (Tôi định bay rồi) khơng Sáng mai tơi tìm nơi khác để going to look for ** Sự khác biệt nhỏ ta dùng dạng Ta dùng tương lai gần cho việc ta “dự đốn” “có cứ” ➔ Look at those black clouds! It’s going to rain ➔ I feel terrible I think I’m going to be sick ➔ The economic situation is bad now and things are going to get worse Ta dùng “was/were + going to + V” ta định làm không làm ➔ Peter was going to the exam, but he changed his mind 44 | P a g e Yêu Tiếng Anh Bài tập 1: Viết câu hỏi với “going to” cho trường hợp sau Your friend has won some money You ask: (what/ with it?) Your friend is going to a party tonight You ask: (what/ wear?) _ Your friend has just bought a new table You ask: (where/ put it?) _ Your friend has decided to have a party You ask: (who/ invite?) Bài tập 2: Viết câu với “going to” để nói “dự đốn” “có cứ” There are a lot of black clouds in the sky cloud /klaʊd/ (n): mây (rain) It is 8:30 Tom is leaving his house He has to be at work at 8:45, but the journey takes 30 minutes journey /ˈdʒɝː.ni/ (n): chuyến (late) He There is a hole in the bottom of the boat A lot of water is coming in through the hole (sink) The boat _ hole (n): hố; lỗ sink /sɪŋk/ (v): chìm, đắm Lucy and Chris are driving There is very little petrol left in the tank The nearest petrol station is a long way away tank /tæŋk/ (n): thùng chứa (run out) They run out of …: hết … 45 | P a g e Yêu Tiếng Anh Bài tập 3: Viết câu với “going to”, sử dụng từ cho sẵn sau I/ tidy/ my room/ this morning tidy /ˈtaɪ.di/ (v): dọn dẹp, làm gọn gàng I/ take/ the sweater/ back to the shop sweater /ˈswet̬ ɚ/ (n): áo nỉ, áo len I/ accept/ the job offer accept /əkˈsept/ (v): chấp nhận I/ phone/ Sarah/ tonight I/ complain/ food/ in the restaurant complain /kəmˈpleɪn/ (v): phàn nàn Bài tập 4: Viết câu với “was/were going to” với động từ sau: buy give up have play travel phone We by train, but then we decided to go by car instead decide to V: định làm instead /ɪnˈsted/ (adv): thay I some new clothes yesterday, but I was very busy and didn’t have time to go the shops clothes /kloʊðz/ (n): quần áo Martin and I tennis last week, but he was injured injure /ˈɪn.dʒɚ/ (v): làm tổn thương I Jane, but I decided to email her instead A: When I last saw Tim, he his job B: That’s right, but in the end he decided to stay where he was We a party last week, but some of our friends couldn’t come, so we cancelled it 46 | P a g e cancel /ˈkæn.səl/ (v): hủy bỏ Yêu Tiếng Anh Unit 16: Simple Future – tương lai đơn (+) S + will/shall + V (will not = won’t; shall not = shan’t) (-) S + will/shall + not + V (?) Wh_ + will/shall + S + V? ** Ta dùng tương lai đơn nói hành động “quyết định thời điểm nói” “shall” với “I/We” ➔ Oh, I’ve left the door open I’ll go and shut it? (Ơi, tơi để cửa mở Tơi đóng nó) ➔ “What would you like to drink?” “I’ll have orange juice, please” (Bạn muốn uống gì? Tơi dùng nước cam) ➔ “Did you phone Lucy?” “Oh no, I forgot I’ll phone her now” (Bạn gọi Lucy chưa? Ơi khơng, quên Tôi gọi cô đây.) Ta dùng tương lai đơn tình sau: Đưa lời đề nghị - That bag looks heavy I’ll help you with it làm (cái túi trơng nặng Tơi giúp bạn mang nó) Đồng ý làm điều - Can you give Time this book? - Sure, I’ll give it to him when I see him this afternoon Hứa làm điều - I won’t tell anyone what happened I promise Bảo làm - Will you please turn the sterio down? I’m trying to concentrate Ta thường dùng “shall I …”, “shall we…” để hỏi quan điểm - Shall I open the window? - I’ve got no money What shall I do? - Shall we go? - Where shall we go this evening? 47 | P a g e Yêu Tiếng Anh Ta thường dùng will (‘ll) với từ như: probably /ˈprɒbəbli/ I’ll probably be home late tonight (adv): có khả I haven’t seen Carol today I expect she’ll phone this evening I expect: /ɪkˈspekt/ Tơi dự đốn (I’m) sure Don’t worry about the exam I’m sure you’ll pass (tôi) đảm bảo (I) think/don’t think I don’t think the exam will be very difficult I wonder /ˈwʌn.dɚ/ I wonder what will happen Tôi thắc mắc Bài tập 1: Viết câu với “will” động từ sau: be come get like live look meet pass Don’t worry about the exam I’m sure you _ Why don’t you try on this jacket? It _ nice on you You must meet George sometime I think you _him It’s raining Don’t go out You _ wet Do you think people _ longer in the future? Goodbye I expect we _ again before long I’ve invited Sue to the party, but I don’t think she _ When the new road is finished, my journey to work _ much shorter 48 | P a g e Yêu Tiếng Anh Bài tập 2: Điền “will” “will not” Can you wait for me? I be very long There’s no need to take an umbrella with you It rain If you don’t eat anything now, you be hungry later I’m sorry about what happened yesterday It happen again I’ve got some incredible news! You never believe what happened Don’t ask Amanda for advice She know what to Bài tập 3: Viết lại câu với cấu trúc: I think I’ll … I don’t think I’ll … It’s a bit cold The window is open and you decide to close it You say: _ You are feeling tired and it’s getting late You decide to go to bed You say: _ A friend of yours offers you lift in his car, but you decide to walk You say: _ You arranged to play tennis today Now you decide that you don’t want to play You say: _ You were going to go swimming Now you decide that you don’t want to go You say: _ Bài tập 4: Viết lại câu với cấu trúc: Shall I …? Shall we …? You and a friend want to something this evening, but you don’t know what You ask: You try on a jacket in a shop You are not sure whether to buy it or not You ask a friend for advice: _ 49 | P a g e Yêu Tiếng Anh It’s Helen’s birthday next week You want to give her a present, but you don’t know what You ask: What You and a friend are going on holiday together, but you haven’t decided where You ask: _ You and a friend are going out You haven’t decided whether to go by car or to walk You ask: _ Your friend wants you to phone later You don’t know what time to phone You ask: _ Bài tập 5: Chọn đáp án Did you phone Lucy? “oh no, I forgot I phone/ I will phone her now I can’t meet you tomorrow I’m playing/ I’ll play tennis I meet/ I’ll meet you outside the hotel in half an hour, OK? I need some money “OK, I’m lending/ I’ll lend you some” I’m having/ I’ll have a party next Sunday I hope you can come Remember to get a newspaper when you go out “OK I don’t forget/ I won’t forget” What time does your train leave/ will your train leave tomorrow? I asked Sue what happened, but she doesn’t tell/ won’t tell me Are you doing/ Will you anything tomorrow evening? “No, I’m free Why?” 10 I don’t want to go out alone Do you come/ Will you come with me? 11 Dane isn’t free on Saturday She’ll work/ She’ working 12 I’ll go/ I’m going to a party tomorrow night Would you like to come too? 13 I think Jenny will get/ is getting the job She has a lot of experience 14 Have you decided where to go for your holidays? -> Yes, we’ll go/ we’re going to Italy 15 There’s no need to be afraid of the dog It won’t hurt/ It isn’t hurting you 50 | P a g e Yêu Tiếng Anh Bài tập 6: Viết câu với “do you think … will …” động từ sau: be back cost end happen like rain get married I’ve bought Rosa this picture _ The weather doesn’t look very good _ The meeting is still going on When My car needs to be repaired How much Sally and David are in love _ “I’m going out now” “OK What time ” The future situation is uncertain What Bài tập 7: Viết câu với: I’ll + động từ phù hợp I’m too tired to walk home I think _ a taxi It’s cold in this room on the heating We haven’t got any milk Oh, I forgot to buy some _ and get some now “Shall I the washing-up?” “No, it’s all right _ it later” “I don’t know how to use this computer” “OK, _ you” “Would you like tea or coffee?” “ _ coffee, please” “Goodbye! Have a nice holiday” “Thanks you a postcard” Thanks for letting me borrow your camera _ it back to you on Monday Are you coming with us? No, I think _ here 51 | P a g e Yêu Tiếng Anh Unit 17: Tương lai tiếp diễn Tương lai hoàn thành Tương lai tiếp diễn (+) S + will be + Ving Everyone will be watching the film (-) S + will + not + be Ving (?) Wh_ + will + S + be + Ving? - lying on the beach or swimming in the sea Dùng để hành động xảy “thời điểm cụ thể” tương lai This time next week I’ll be on holiday I’ll be - Don’t phone between and We’ll be having dinner - At 10 o’clock tomorrow, she will be in her office She will be working Tương lai hoàn thành (+) S + will have + Vpp - She’ll have gone to work - We are late The film will already have started (-) S + will + not + have Vpp (?) Wh_ + will + S + have + Vpp? by the time we get to the cinema Chỉ hành động xảy hoàn thành trước hành động khác tương lai - Ted and Ann have been married for 24 years Next year they will have been married for 25 years 52 | P a g e Yêu Tiếng Anh ** BY THE TIME + HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN, TƯƠNG LAI HỒN THÀNH BÀI TẬP: CHIA THÌ TƯƠNG LAI TIẾP DIỄN HOẶC TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH Don’t phone between and (we/have) dinner then Phone me after o’clock (we/finish) dinner by then Tomorrow afternoon we’re going to play tennis from o’clock until 4.30 So at o’clock, (we/play) tennis A: Can we meet tomorrow? B: Yes, but not in the afternoon (I/work) B has to go to a meeting which begins at 10 o’clock It will last about an hour A: Will you be free at 11.30? B: Yes, (the meeting/end) by then Ben is on holiday and he is spending his money very quickly If he continues like this, (he/spend) all his money before the end of his holiday Do you think (you/still/do) the same job in ten years’ time? Lisa is from New Zealand She is travelling around Europe at the moment So far she has travelled about 1000 miles By the end of the trip, (she/travel) more than 3000 miles If you need to contact me, (I/stay) at the Lion Hotel until Friday 10 A: (you/see) Laura tomorrow? B: Yes, probably Why? A: I borrowed this CD from her Can you give back to her? 53 | P a g e Yêu Tiếng Anh Unit 18: When … | Had better | It’s time “Will you phone me tomorrow?” – “I’ll phone you when I get home” I’ll phone you when I get home Mệnh đề Mệnh đề “when” ** Thời gian câu tương lai (tomorrow), ta dùng (I get) mệnh đề “when” Ta không sử dụng “will” cho mệnh đề “when” We’ll go out when it stops rainning When you are in London again, come and see us What you want to be when you grow up? ** Tương tự vậy, mệnh đề “while/ before/ after/ as soon as/ once/ until/ till”, ta dùng tại, không dùng “will” I’m going to read a lot while I’m on holiday I’ll probably go back home on Sunday Before I go, I’d like to visit the museum Wait here until I come back ** Ta dùng hồn thành sau “after/ when/ until/ as soon as …” Can I borrow that book after you’ve finished with it? Don’t say anything while Tom here Wait until he has gone - Ta dùng hồn thành để ám việc hoàn thành xong trước việc xảy Ta khơng dùng hồn thành hai việc xảy lúc When I phone Kate, I will ask her about the party Had better + V = ‘d better + V: tốt nên … - Ta dùng “had better something” nói nên làm việc đó, khơng làm vấn đề nguy hiểm xảy I have to meet Ann in ten minutes I’d better go or I’ll be late W’d better stop for petrol soon The tank is almost empty *** Lưu ý: dù “had” dạng khứ, nghĩa “had better” tương lai 54 | P a g e Yêu Tiếng Anh *** “had better” tương tự “should” khơng hồn tồn giống Ta dùng “had better” cho tình cụ thể (khơng dùng cho điều chung chung) Ta dùng “should” cho tình để đưa quan điểm lời khuyên It’s late You’d better go / You should go You’re always at home You should go out more often (ko dùng “had better”) *** Thêm vào đó, “had better” dùng trường hợp ta không làm theo có vấn đề khơng tốt xảy ra; cịn “should” có ý nghĩa là điều tốt nên làm It’s a great film You should go and see it The film starts at 8:30 You’d better go now or you’ll be late It’s time (for sb) to …: tới lúc (ai đó) nên làm … It’s time to go home / It’s time for us to go home Ta nói: It’s late It’s time we went home Ở ta dùng khứ đơn “went”, nghĩa tại, khứ It’s time he got up You’re very selfish It’s time you realised that you’re not the most important person in this world Ta dùng “it’s about time + khứ đơn” Jack is a great talker But it’s about time he did something instead of just talking 55 | P a g e Yêu Tiếng Anh Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành câu với từ ngoặc Tất câu nói tương lai I _ (phone) you when I _ (get) home from work I want to see Julia before she _ (go) out We’re going on holiday tomorrow I _ (tell) you all about it when we _ (come) back Brian looks very different now When you _ (see him) again, you _ (not/ recognise) him _ (you/be) lonely without me while I _ (be) away? We must something soon before it _ (be) too late I don’t want to go without you I _ (wait) until you _ (be) ready Sue has applied for the job, but she isn’t very well-qualified for it I _ (be) surprised if she _ (get) it I hope to play tennis tomorrow if the weather _ (be) nice 10 I’m going out now If anybody _ (phone) while I _ (be) out, can you take a message? Bài tập 2: Tạo thành câu từ hai câu It will stop raining soon The we’ll go out _ when I’ll find somewhere to live Then I’ll give you my address _ when I’ll the shopping Then I’ll come straight back home _after 56 | P a g e Yêu Tiếng Anh It’s going to get dark Let’s go home before that before She must apologise to me first I won’t speak to her until then _ until Bài tập 3: Đọc tình viết lại câu với cấu trúc: It’s time + khứ đơn You think the children should be in the bed It’s already 11 o’clock _ You haven’t had a holiday for a very long time You need one now It’s time I _ You’re sitting on a train waiting for it to leave the station It’s already five minutes late _ You enjoy having parties You haven’t had one for a long time _ The company you work for has been badly managed for a long time You think some changes should be made _ Andrew has been doing the same job for the last ten years, He should try something else _ 57 | P a g e Yêu Tiếng Anh ... The earth goes round the sun - twice a year: hai lần năm … (Trái đất quay xung quanh mặt trời) 8|Page Yêu Tiếng Anh Các nguyên tắc thêm đuôi “s/es” Các động từ kết thúc đuôi “o – s – x – z – ch... /stɑːps/ (v): dừng Phát âm /z/ tận âm cịn lại o plans /plỉnz/ (v): lên kế hoạch 9|Page Yêu Tiếng Anh Bài tập 1: Khoanh tròn đáp án động từ gạch chân dấu hiệu có police /pəˈliːs/ (n): cảnh sát Police... (n): giờ, tiếng - how long: bao lâu? 16 Look at this sentence What _ (this word/mean)? - sentence /ˈsen.təns/ (n): câu - mean /miːn/ (v): ý nghĩa 11 | P a g e Yêu Tiếng Anh 17 David