EducationBritain

There are six types of university in Britain - Oxbridge: - The old Scottish universities - The early nineteenth – century English universities - The old civic ‘redbrick’ universities - T[r]

Instructor: Ngo Xuan My Phuc Students: Phan Dinh Tuong Tran Cong Vu Doan Hai Nam Nguyen Thi Trang Nguyen Thi Thanh Thien Dang Thi Thuong Hue Historical background - In 19th century: + The British government was the last governments in Europe to organize education for everyone + The government left alone the small group of schools to educate the sons of the upper and upper-middle classes => public schools Stereotypical public schools: • • • • • • • For boys only from the age of 13 Take fee-paying pupils Boarding schools Divided into ‘houses’ Make some of the senior boys ‘prefects’ Emphasize on team sports Not luxurious or comfortable at all - In 20 century th • Education is within everyone’s reach • Most public schools are Eton, Harrow, Rugby and Winchester Organization + Managed by departments: • England & Wales: Department for Education and Employment • Northern Ireland & Scotland: Have their own departments + Central government: • Advise how schoolchildren should learn • Decide how much money to give + Local Education Authority (LEA) Style • Learning for its own sake • Emphasizes on the quality of person • Focuses on social justice rather than efficency Recent development - Before 1965 • Most children had to take an exam at the age of 11 • If they passed, they went to a grammar school with academic subjects • If they failed, they went to a secondary modern school with lessons that had a more practical and technical bias • Nowadays, however, most 11 year-old children go on to the same local school (comprehensive schools) - During 1980s - Two major changes in educational organization: + Setting up of a national curriculum + Deciding to ‘opt out’ of the control of the LEA - Three national curriculum: + One for England and Wales + One for Scotland + One for Northern Ireland School life - There is no countrywide system of nursery (Preprimary) - Primary school: (5 – 11 years old) + A class teacher teaches all subjects + At the ages of – 11: Children have to take national tests in English, Math and Science - Subject-matter of teaching: + Lower primary level focuses on ‘the three Rs’ (Reading, wRiting, aRithmetic) + Higher level emphasizes on Science & Technology - Secondary school: + Each teacher teaches each subject + Children are given regular homework + School time: * Work five days per week (closed on Saturdays and Sundays) * Have no half-day * Work from a.m to 3-4 p.m * Lunch break: an hour and a quarter 2/3 of pupils have lunch in school The school year: Autumn term Christmas holiday (about weeks) Spring term Easter holiday (about weeks) Summer term Summer holiday (about weeks) Education beyond 16 • Students are free to leave their school at the age of 16 • They can look for jobs • They can take part in training schemes • They can go to a Sixth-form College, or College of Further Education Exams and Qualifications • GCSE = General Certificate of Secondary Education • SCE = Scottish Certificate of Education • A Levels = Advanced Levels • SCE ‘Highers’ = The Scottish equivalent of A – Levels • GNVQ = General National Vocational Qualification Types of University There are six types of university in Britain - Oxbridge: - The old Scottish universities - The early nineteenth – century English universities - The old civic (‘redbrick’) universities - The campus universities - The newer civic universities Oxbridge • Denoted by Oxford and Cambridge universities • Having lowest students – staff (‘Fellows’) ratio in Britain • Students have their dining hall, library • The ‘Fellows’ teach the college, either one-to-one or in small groups • Before 1970, it was for single-sex students (mostly for men) The old Scottish universities • Includes universities (Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen and St Andrews) • At all of them, the pattern of study is closer to continental tradition than to the English one The early nineteenth – century English universities • Durham University(1832) + Similar to Oxbridge in collegiate living arrangements + Different in academic matter • The University of London (1936) The old civic (‘redbrick’) universities • Birmingham, Manchester and Leeds • Their buildings were of local materials (Brick) • Only for local people The campus universities • East Anglia, Lancaster, Sussex and Warwick • Attracted students from all over the country • Teaching in small groups (‘Seminars’) The newer civic universities • Their upgrading to university status took place in ways + In the mid 1960s + In the early 1970s • Nowadays, they are all financed by central government Questions What does GNVQ stand for? General National Vocational Qualification There are many countrywide systems of nursery schools in Britain True or False? False: Many => No Central government decides hours of school day, holidays, age, financial True or False? False: Local Education Authority (LEA) In schools, the lunch break usually lasts about 75 minutes True or False? True Before 1965, most children had to take an exam at the age of… A B C D 11 => D 11 At the age of 15 people are free to leave school if they want True or False? False: 16 years old Sterotypical public schools are for boys only from the age of 13 True or False? True At the ages of – 11, children have to take international tests in English, Math and Science True or False? False: national tests Thank you very much!