Sử dụng hiệu quả khẩu phần nguồn thức ăn địa phương cho giống lợn bản địa moo lath, CHDCND lào

HUE UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY BOUNLERTH SIVILAI THE UTILIZATION OF DIETARY LOCAL FEED RESOURCES FOR MOO LATH PIG IN LAOS DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN AGRICULTURE HUE, 2019 HUE UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY BOUNLERTH SIVILAI THE UTILIZATION OF DIETARY LOCAL FEED RESOURCES FOR MOO LATH PIG IN LAOS SPECIALIZATION: ANIMAL SCIENCE CODE: 9620105 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN AGRICULTURE SUPERVISORS: ASSOC.PROF.DR NGUYEN QUANG LINH ASSOC.PROF DR DU THANH HANG HUE - 2019 DECLARATION I declared that this thesis is my original research works It is a scientific research which overall data presented in this thesis are contributed truly and righteously The research works was done under the guidance of Professors in Hue University and collaborative professional researchers All acceptation is evidently indicated to the best of immense knowledge that they have been published in Journal of Livestock Research for Rural Development (LRRD) Hue, April 2019 Bounlerth SIVILAI ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis describes research on the improving and utilization of forage- based diets for Moo Lath pigs in Laos, I wish to thank Mekong Basin Animal Research Network (Sida/MEKARN II) project and University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University for financial support of experiments and the course works in Vietnam This thesis based on the efforts of many people In the first place, I would like to thank all those persons who contributed to obtaining the data and the texts of the various chapters Without their help this thesis would never been written Especially, I would like to express my sincere thanks to Professor Nguyen Quang Linh, Professor Thomas Reg Preston, who always open the gates to scientific research I am also grateful for their supervision and guidance of my research I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to Professor Du Thanh Hang, who supervised the data analysis It would be nice to thank for all of lecturers and researchers in Hue with hospitality while my staying in Hue city I am grateful to Dr Lampheuy Kaensombath and professor R.A Leng for their contributions and helping My sincere thanks also goes to Dr Kieu Borin, regional coordinator of the Sida/MEKARN II project for any support and make the PhD program possible and Dr Chive Phiny for the budgets for travelling and allowances Dr Vanthong Phengvichit and Dr Daovy Kongmanila the country coordinators for providing the immense suggestion on study condition and financial report as well as accountants in National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute (NAFRI) for arrangement research funds conveniently Also thank my colleagues, friends and teachers in Department of Livestock and Fishery, Faculty of Agriculture (FAG), National University of Laos for their kindly supports My lovely students and their friends whom helped in field works with forage collecting, experiments and sample preparing analysis Last but not least, I would like to thank my family for all their kind regards, encouragement and love Most of appreciation to my wife Linh Thamavong for her patience, effort working hard and taking care for our family during my studying Special thank to my mother for her support, loving and devotion to my three children during studying time Great thanks to my sister Boakeo Phaisilai and her husband, my younger sister Boasone Sivilai and my uncles’ family for their help in looking my mother, supporting me spiritually throughout studying, writing thesis and my life in generally ABSTRACT The research was objected to investigate the effect of ensiled taro foliage combined with banana pseudo stem as basal diets, using by-product of rice distillers or brewers’ grains, and biochar as feed additive supplemented in the diet of native Moo Lath Lao pig Four experiments were conducted to comprising on the thesis The first experiment (Chapter 2): Four pigs were used in the experiment with 30 kg ± 2.63 kg LW An experiment was arranged in a 4*4 Latin Square Design with diet levels of ensiled banana pseudo stem of 0, 5, 10 and 15% replacing ensiled taro foliage and soybean meal Apparent digestibility of DM and CP, daily N retention and biological value (BV), all declined linearly as ensiled banana-pseudo stem replaced ensiled taro foliage It is appeared that the BV of the protein in the ensiled taro foliage was superior to combination of ensiled banana pseudo stem and soybean meal In the second experiment (Chapter 3): A small amount of either rice distillers’ byproduct (RDB) and brewers’ grain (BG) were added in the ensiled forage-based diet Six female native Moo Lath pigs (29.3 ± 2.3 kg LW), fed a basal diet of ensiled banana pseudo-stem, ensiled Taro foliage and broken rice were allocated to a 3*3 double Latin Square Design Three treatments were BG 4%, RDB 4% or no supplement (CTL) Both supplements improved feed intake, digestibility and N retention, with indications of greater responses in N retention and in the biological value of the protein for the rice distillers’ by-product It is suggested that the beneficial effect of both supplements may have been due to the presence of β-glucan, a component of the cell wall of both cereal grains and yeasts, that is shown to have immunological, health-benefiting effects in animal In the third experiment (Chapter 4): The supplements would bring similar benefits during the stage of pregnancy and lactation in Moo Lath gilts Twelve native Moo Lath pig gilts (80.8 ± 3.9 kg LW) were used in the experiment Three dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with replications were: CTL: No supplement; RDB 4% or BG 4% in diet DM basis The pig gilts gained more body weight during gestation, and were heavier at the end of lactation, when their diet was supplemented with 4% BG or 4% RDB The litter sizes from dams supplemented with 4% RDB were heavier at birth, and at weaning, and grew faster than litters from un-supplemented gilts Supplementation of BG4% or RDB 4% appeared to have no effect on piglet mortality at birth or during lactation, nor on live weights of piglets at birth or weaning, and did not affect overall feed DM intake However, DM feed conversion was improved by 60% when the Moo Lath gilts were supplemented with 4% RDB In the fourth experiment (Chapter 5): The study was to evaluate the effect of biochar compare with rice distillers’ by-product fed a forage diet on growing pigs Twenty native Moo Lath pigs (15.8 ± 1.3 kg LW) were housed in individual concrete pens There were four dietary treatments arranged as a completely randomized design The treatments (% in diet DM) were: no additive (CTL), 4% rice distillers’ by-product (RDB), 1% biochar (BIO) and the combination of RDB and BIO (RDB+BIO) The growth rate tended to be better (p=0.089) and feed conversion was improved (p=0.048) for both additives, fed separately or together, when compared with the control diet There were no benefits from combining both additives compared with feeding each one separately Keywords: Local forage, prebiotic, additive feed, indigenous pig, biological value, growing, pregnancy-lactation, piglets DEDICATION To my family with my respectful gratitude: Parents, my wife (with daughter and son), older and younger sisters ແດດ່ຄອບຄຄົວທທດ່ແສນເຄຄົາລຄົບຮຮກຂອງຂຂອຍ: ພພດ່ແມດ່, ພຮນລະຍາ (ພຂອມດຂວຍລລູກສາວ ແລະ ລລູກຊາຍ), ເອອຂອຍ ແລະ ນຂອງສາວ TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF ABBRIVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS AA Amino acid ADF Acid detergent fiber ADG Average daily gain BG Brewers’ grains BR Broken rice CF Crude fiber CP Crude Protein CV Covariance DE Digestible energy DLF Department of Livestock and Fishery DM Dry Matter EAA Essential Amino Acid EE Ether Extract FW Final Weight GDP Gross domestic production GE Gross energy HCN Hydrogen Cyanide LPHC Lao Population and Housing Census LSB Lao Statistic Bureau MAF Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry ME Metabolizable energy N Nitrogen NDF Neutral detergent fiber NRC National Research Council OM Organic Matter P Phosphorus RDB Rice distillers’ by-product SD Standard deviation T ton UNDP United Nations Development Programme 10 ab Initial, kg 15.9 15.8 15.6 16.0 0.62 0.692 Final, kg 36.5 40.5 40.1 41.6 1.52 0.423 Daily gain, g/d 179 215 220 220 9.51 0.089 DM intake, g/d 787 850 859 874 41.7 0.58 DM conversion (kg/kg) 4.43b 3.96a 3.89 a 4.02 a 0.13 0.048 Mean values without common superscript are different at p