All about electricity

Tài liệu điện tự động hóa

Scott Foresman Science 1.10 Genre Comprehension Skill Text Features Science Content Nonfi ction Draw Conclusions • Captions • Diagrams • Labels • Glossary Energy ISBN 0-328-13762-6 ì<(sk$m)=bdhgcg< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U 13762_01-04_CVR_FSD.indd Cover113762_01-04_CVR_FSD.indd Cover1 5/4/05 3:14:44 PM5/4/05 3:14:44 PM Scott Foresman Science 1.10 Genre Comprehension Skill Text Features Science Content Nonfi ction Draw Conclusions • Captions • Diagrams • Labels • Glossary Energy ISBN 0-328-13762-6 ì<(sk$m)=bdhgcg< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U 13762_01-04_CVR_FSD.indd Cover113762_01-04_CVR_FSD.indd Cover1 5/4/05 3:14:44 PM5/4/05 3:14:44 PM 1. How is electricity made? 2. What sorts of things use electricity? 3. Switches can send electricity into objects. Write to explain how turning switches on and off makes an object work. Use words from the book as you write. 4. Draw Conclusions You have a toy that needs electricity to work. But this toy has no plug. What do you know about this toy? What did you learn? Extended Vocabulary electrical objects outlet plug power plants switch vehicles wires Vocabulary battery electricity energy fuel heat shadow Picture Credits Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd). 4 Owaki - Kulla/Corbis; 5 Jose Luis Pelaez, Inc./Corbis; 11 (BL) Getty Images; 13 Craig Hutchins; Eye Ubiquitous/Corbis. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright © of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson. ISBN: 0-328-13762-6 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 13762_01-04_CVR_FSD.indd Cover213762_01-04_CVR_FSD.indd Cover2 5/4/05 3:14:51 PM5/4/05 3:14:51 PM by Jessica Quilty 13762_05-20_FSD.indd 113762_05-20_FSD.indd 1 5/4/05 3:15:33 PM5/4/05 3:15:33 PM Heat moves from warm to cold. Heat comes from the light of the Sun. It warms Earth. Heat can come from other places too. Light is a kind of energy. Energy can change things. Energy from the light of the Sun can change the temperature. Light comes from many different things. Light can go through some things. Light cannot go through other things. Shadows are made when light cannot pass through something. Shadows are big when the light is close. Shadows are small when the light is far away. People can make shadows. 2 What You A lre ady Know 13762_05-20_FSD.indd 213762_05-20_FSD.indd 2 5/4/05 3:15:36 PM5/4/05 3:15:36 PM Fuel is anything that is burned to make heat or power. Fuel gives energy. Cars use gasoline for fuel. People need energy. People get energy from food. People need energy for everything they do. Some toys and games need energy to work. A battery stores energy. You can use batteries to make your toys and games work! Electricity has energy too. Many things get energy from electricity. You are now about to read more about electricity! This toy needs energy from a battery to work. 3 13762_05-20_FSD.indd 313762_05-20_FSD.indd 3 5/4/05 3:15:38 PM5/4/05 3:15:38 PM Our Electric World Many objects need energy to work. We use some of these objects all the time. Many of these things get energy from electricity. You are probably using electricity right now. Are there any lights on? These lights need energy to work. They get this energy from electricity. 4 13762_05-20_FSD.indd 413762_05-20_FSD.indd 4 5/4/05 3:15:39 PM5/4/05 3:15:39 PM There are different ways to get electricity. Plug in a light. This connects it to power lines. Electricity goes from the line to the light. Or use a battery. Batteries store energy. They give electricity to things that are not connected to lines. Batteries make this machine work. 5 13762_05-20_FSD.indd 513762_05-20_FSD.indd 5 5/4/05 3:15:43 PM5/4/05 3:15:43 PM Electric Power Electricity is made from different things in nature. Coal, gas, and oil are all used to make electricity. Power plants are places that make electricity. Power plants use fuels to make electricity. We burn fuel to make heat. Heat has energy. Electricity has energy. Heat is turned into electricity in power plants. 6 Electric power plant 13762_05-20_FSD.indd 613762_05-20_FSD.indd 6 5/4/05 3:15:45 PM5/4/05 3:15:45 PM Electricity leaves power plants. It moves in power lines. It goes to houses and other places. Electricity moves in wires. Wires are connected to outlets in walls. Some toys and machines have plugs. Grown-ups put these plugs into outlets. 7 Electricity makes this computer work. 13762_05-20_FSD.indd 713762_05-20_FSD.indd 7 5/4/05 3:15:51 PM5/4/05 3:15:51 PM Battery Power What happens when an electrical toy does not have a plug? It still needs electricity to work. A battery can help. Batteries store energy. Put a battery in a toy. The toy then gets the electricity it needs to work. 8 How batteries work Bulb Battery 13762_05-20_FSD.indd 813762_05-20_FSD.indd 8 5/4/05 3:15:54 PM5/4/05 3:15:54 PM What if you want to use a fl ashlight outside? The fl ashlight does not have a plug. There are no outlets outside. A battery can give it the energy it needs to work. Many different things use batteries. Batteries let you take electricity with you! 9 Batteries 13762_05-20_FSD.indd 913762_05-20_FSD.indd 9 5/4/05 3:15:56 PM5/4/05 3:15:56 PM 10 Switch It On Electricity fl ows into your house. You use a switch to turn on a light. The switch connects the electricity. Then the electricity can move into the light. 13762_05-20_FSD.indd 1013762_05-20_FSD.indd 10 5/4/05 3:16:00 PM5/4/05 3:16:00 PM 11 Electricity moves from place to place. It goes through wires. A switch is a button or knob. It is connected to the wires. A switch can start and stop the electricity as it moves. A switch that is on lets electricity move. A switch that is off stops the electricity. A switch can turn lights off and on. 13762_05-20_FSD.indd 1113762_05-20_FSD.indd 11 5/4/05 3:16:03 PM5/4/05 3:16:03 PM Make It Go Electricity can make many toys move. This car uses electricity to turn its wheels. Batteries in the toy help it get electricity. A toy train might move when you plug it into an outlet. It gets electricity from the wires in the wall. 12 13762_05-20_FSD.indd 1213762_05-20_FSD.indd 12 5/4/05 3:16:05 PM5/4/05 3:16:05 PM Toys are not the only things that need electricity to make them go. Many vehicles use electricity to move. Some trains use electricity to move. Some kinds of cars do too. Even submarines use electricity to move under the water! 13 Electricity makes bumper cars move. 13762_05-20_FSD.indd 1313762_05-20_FSD.indd 13 5/4/05 3:16:09 PM5/4/05 3:16:09 PM 14 Electricity at Home Your home is full of things that use electricity! Picture each room of your house. How many different electrical things pop into your mind? Look at these pictures. Electricity helps these objects do their jobs. Toy robot Electronic keyboard 13762_05-20_FSD.indd 1413762_05-20_FSD.indd 14 5/4/05 3:16:13 PM5/4/05 3:16:13 PM 15 A phone helps you talk to people who are far away. Electricity helps the phone work. A fan helps you stay cool when it is hot. Electricity makes the fan move. How many different ways do you use electricity? Phone Fan Mixer 13762_05-20_FSD.indd 1513762_05-20_FSD.indd 15 5/4/05 3:16:18 PM5/4/05 3:16:18 PM Glossary electrical having to do with electricity objects things you can see or touch outlet a place in the wall for putting an electric plug plug a thing at the end of a wire to connect it to an electric outlet power plants buildings with machines that make electricity switch a button that stops and starts electricity moving in a wire vehicles things that carry people or things wires long pieces of metal that carry electricity 16 13762_05-20_FSD.indd 1613762_05-20_FSD.indd 16 5/4/05 3:16:22 PM5/4/05 3:16:22 PM 1. How is electricity made? 2. What sorts of things use electricity? 3. Switches can send electricity into objects. Write to explain how turning switches on and off makes an object work. Use words from the book as you write. 4. Draw Conclusions You have a toy that needs electricity to work. But this toy has no plug. What do you know about this toy? What did you learn? Extended Vocabulary electrical objects outlet plug power plants switch vehicles wires Vocabulary battery electricity energy fuel heat shadow Picture Credits Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd). 4 Owaki - Kulla/Corbis; 5 Jose Luis Pelaez, Inc./Corbis; 11 (BL) Getty Images; 13 Craig Hutchins; Eye Ubiquitous/Corbis. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright © of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson. ISBN: 0-328-13762-6 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 13762_01-04_CVR_FSD.indd Cover213762_01-04_CVR_FSD.indd Cover2 5/4/05 3:14:51 PM5/4/05 3:14:51 PM . has energy too. Many things get energy from electricity. You are now about to read more about electricity! This toy needs energy from a battery to work. 3. that needs electricity to work. But this toy has no plug. What do you know about this toy? What did you learn? Extended Vocabulary electrical objects outlet