Tài liệu Employee Satisfaction pdf

Employee Satisfaction Employee Satisfaction Questions Questions  What is job satisfaction? What is job satisfaction?  What are some of the benefits of having a What are some of the benefits of having a satisfied workforce? satisfied workforce?  What are some of the disadvantages of What are some of the disadvantages of having a dissatisfied workforce? having a dissatisfied workforce?  What causes employees to be satisfied What causes employees to be satisfied with their jobs? with their jobs? What is Job Satisfaction? What is Job Satisfaction?  An employee’s cognitive and affective An employee’s cognitive and affective evaluation of his or her job evaluation of his or her job  overall overall  specific components specific components  pay pay  promotions promotions  work tasks work tasks  coworkers coworkers  supervisors supervisors  others?? others?? Why Should Organizations Care? Why Should Organizations Care?  Organizational Commitment Organizational Commitment  Job Withdrawal Job Withdrawal  Turnover and retirement intentions Turnover and retirement intentions  Work Withdrawal Work Withdrawal  Behaviors to avoid performing one’s work tasks Behaviors to avoid performing one’s work tasks  Absenteeism and tardiness Absenteeism and tardiness  Missing meetings Missing meetings  Long/frequent coffee breaks Long/frequent coffee breaks  Unionization Activity Unionization Activity  What about Job Performance? What about Job Performance? Organizational Commitment Organizational Commitment  Definition Definition  An acceptance of organizational goals An acceptance of organizational goals  A willingness to work hard for the organization A willingness to work hard for the organization  The desire to stay with the organization The desire to stay with the organization  Research findings (Probst, 2000) Research findings (Probst, 2000)  strong correlation with coworker, promotions, strong correlation with coworker, promotions, supervisor, and work satisfaction (r ~ .50) supervisor, and work satisfaction (r ~ .50)  lower with pay (r ~ .18) lower with pay (r ~ .18)  strong correlation with overall satisfaction strong correlation with overall satisfaction (r ~ .70) (r ~ .70) Job Withdrawal Job Withdrawal  Employee intentions to leave the Employee intentions to leave the organization organization  Research findings Research findings  Moderate relationship between satisfaction Moderate relationship between satisfaction and turnover intentions and turnover intentions  Coworker r = -.30 Coworker r = -.30  Pay r = -.11 (ns) Pay r = -.11 (ns)  Promotions r = -.26 Promotions r = -.26  Supervisor r = -.39 Supervisor r = -.39  Work r = -.21 Work r = -.21 Work Withdrawal Work Withdrawal  Employee behaviors to avoid work tasks Employee behaviors to avoid work tasks  Research findings Research findings  Weak relationship between satisfaction and Weak relationship between satisfaction and work withdrawal work withdrawal  Coworker r = -.11 (ns) Coworker r = -.11 (ns)  Pay r = .03 (ns) Pay r = .03 (ns)  Promotions r = -.21 Promotions r = -.21  Supervisor r = -.18 Supervisor r = -.18  Work r = -.26 Work r = -.26  Why? Affective reactions better predictor Why? Affective reactions better predictor Unionization Activity Unionization Activity  Strikes, slow-downs, initiation of Strikes, slow-downs, initiation of unionization unionization  Examples: Examples:  Boeing in 1996 (job security) Boeing in 1996 (job security)  WSU and UW in 2001 (budget cuts, low WSU and UW in 2001 (budget cuts, low salary, low state emphasis on higher salary, low state emphasis on higher education) education)  TAs at UC Santa Cruz (large class sizes) TAs at UC Santa Cruz (large class sizes) What About Job Performance?? What About Job Performance??  Why would we expect a relationship?? Why would we expect a relationship??  Research findings Research findings  r = .19 r = .19  Are happy workers productive workers? Are happy workers productive workers? OR OR Are productive workers happy workers? Are productive workers happy workers? What Causes Job Satisfaction? What Causes Job Satisfaction?  Genetic Predisposition Genetic Predisposition  Affective Disposition Affective Disposition  Life Satisfaction Life Satisfaction  Discrepancy Theories Discrepancy Theories  Wants/Values/Expectations vs. Actual Wants/Values/Expectations vs. Actual Rewards Rewards  Our Outcomes vs. Others Outcomes Our Outcomes vs. Others Outcomes  Current Job vs. Alternative Jobs vs. Past Jobs Current Job vs. Alternative Jobs vs. Past Jobs [...]... > > < < Alt Job Jobs Satisfaction > < > < Satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Turnover Stay Leave Stay Leave How Can We Measure Job Satisfaction?      Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire Faces Scale Job Descriptive Index Job In General Scale Custom-Designed Scales (but beware…) Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ)   100 items measuring 20 facets of job satisfaction Two general... scale” / NOSQ Research evidence    The tendency to experience negative emotions (distress, agitation, pessimism) Job satisfaction and NA  r = -.23 (more NA, less satisfaction) Job satisfaction and turnover  r = 00 for gripers; r = -.39 for non-gripers Recommendations?? Life Satisfaction    work non-work family People happy with life are happy with work Spillover effect between life and work... we are genetically programmed to be Research evidence    Study of twins reared apart 30% of variability in satisfaction accounted for by genetics (r = 55) Recommendation  hire applicants with good “job satisfaction genes” Quick Quiz The following questions ask about your satisfaction or dissatisfaction with several things Consider each item carefully and enter the response the best represents your... Organizational implications regarding:    flexible work hours work-family conflict on-site daycare Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory Certain things are necessary, but not sufficient, for job satisfaction issatisfaction Satisfaction  Motivators Challenge Stimulation Independence Responsibility Variety Pay Hygiene factors Security Working Conditions Work Schedule Supervisors Thibaut and... facets of job satisfaction Two general factors   Pros   Internal vs External sources of satisfaction reliable, valid measure of job satisfaction Cons   very long are there really 20 different facets and/or is it meaningful to have info on each of them?? Faces Scale  Pros    good measure of global job satisfaction good measure to use when reading ability is low Cons   too simplistic possibly... Descriptive Index (JDI)  Measure of 5 facets of job satisfaction   pay, promotions, coworkers, supervisors, work itself Pros   Extremely easy to use with all types of respondents Most commonly used measure of job satisfaction   normative data available from hundreds/thousands of studies Cons   Shouldn’t sum across facets Is there more to job satisfaction than just the 5 facets? YOUR PAY AND PROMOTIONS... Yes GOOD CHANCE FOR PROMOTION Yes UNFAIR PROMOTION POLICY Yes INFREQUENT PROMOTIONS Yes ? ? ? ? ? ? No No No No No No Job In General Scale (JIG)    Developed as a global measure of job satisfaction Similar to JDI Pros   quick and easy to use Cons  doesn’t give information regarding specific factors YOUR JOB IN GENERAL What is your JOB like MOST OF THE TIME? Choose YES if the item . Employee Satisfaction Employee Satisfaction Questions Questions  What is job satisfaction? What is job satisfaction?  What are. evidence  Job satisfaction and NA Job satisfaction and NA  r = -.23 (more NA, less satisfaction) r = -.23 (more NA, less satisfaction)  Job satisfaction