Communication Networks Textbook Table of Contents The Textbook Table of Contents is your starting point for accessing pages within the chapter. Once you’re at this location, you can easily move back and forth within specific chapters or just as easily jump from one chapter to another. Textbook Website The Textbook Website is the McGrawHill Higher Education website developed to accompany this textbook. Here you’ll find numerous textspecific learning tools and resources that expand upon the information you normally find in a printed textbook. McGrawHill Website The McGrawHill Website is your starting point for discovery of all the educational content and services offered by McGrawHill Higher Education. Copyright 2001 The McGraw Companies. All rights reserved. Any use is subject to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. McGrawHill Higher Education is one of the many fine businesses of The McGrawHill Companies. If you have a question or a suggestion about a specific book or product, please fill out our User Feedback Form accessible from the main menu or contact our customer service line at 18002624729. Help Feedback Interactive eText Interactive eText Alberto LeonGarcia Indra Widjaja Fundamental Concepts and Key Architectures ) ) + 0 4 010 + . 012 5 ),) 3 4 3 . 5 ),, 0 0 ( 49 ),8 . 3 ( 4: ),9 . 3 ( 46 ),: 6 ( . ),; ( .. .5 013 + 8 )8) % 84 )8, % % 8. )88 % 89 )89 % ( 89 014 ( % 447 89, ( . 445 315 4.. 316 4.: 8;) ( . ( 484 317 488 8?) 48: 8?, 5 49 8?8 . 4 499 8?9 % 49; 8?: 6 4:. 318 4:8 8A) 4:9 8A, 4:6 8A8 6 4:; 8A9 474 8A: ( 479 8A; . 47: 8A? 476 8AA 468 466 46; 465 % 4; 3 8= 4;6 3 8 .5 459 9), .5 45: 412 45; 9,) (3 .5 455 9,, (3 4 ( .9 413 ,+0+ 3 .; 3+ 414 .44 99) (. ( .4. 99, ( .4: 415 .45 9:) 4 ... 9:, ( ..: 416 ..6 9;) ( ( B? .8 417 + .8. 9?) .8. 9?, % .8: 9?8 .86 418 .85 419 .97 .95 .: .:4 % .:. 5 .7. 510 00 + .79 :)) ( .76 :), %> . 4 .7; :)8 . . .64 512 H .6. :,) ( . %C .69 :,, 3 %C .6; :,8 ( %. %C .;: :,9