Đây là cuốn sách gối đầu giường của dân Điện tử viễn thông. Trình bày rõ về thông tin di động, wireless và phạm vi hoạt động của nó.
WIRELESS AND CELLULAR TELECOMMUNICATIONS This page intentionally left blank WIRELESS AND CELLULAR TELECOMMUNICATIONS William C Y Lee, Ph.D Chairman, Treyspan, Inc (Formerly Vice President and Chief Scientist of Vodafone AirTouch PLC, and Chairman of LinkAir Communications, Inc.) 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If you’d like more information about this book, its author, or related books and websites, please click here For more information about this title, click here CONTENTS Preface xix Preface to the First Edition Acknowledgments xxiii xxi Chapter Trend of Mobile Wireless 1.1 History of Mobile Cellular / 1.1.1 AMPS System (First-Generation System) / 1.1.2 Second-Generation System / 1.1.3 3G Systems / 1.1.4 4G Systems / 1.1.5 Other Cellular-Like Systems / 1.2 Wireless Data Networks / 1.2.1 General Description / 1.2.2 Wireless LAN Standards / 1.2.3 Wireless WAN Evolution / 1.3 Communication Satellite Systems / 1.3.1 History / 1.3.2 Attributes / 1.3.3 Satellites in Different Orbits / 1.4 Paging Systems / 11 1.5 Standards Bodies / 11 1.5.1 International Standard Bodies / 11 1.5.2 Standards Bodies in Different Areas / 13 1.6 Spectrum Allocation / 15 1.6.1 Spectrum Allocation in the United States / 16 1.6.2 ITU: Spectrum for 3G (IMT-2000) / 18 1.6.3 The Other Areas of the World / 19 1.7 Spectrum Efficiency Considerations / 20 Chapter Introduction to Cellular Systems 23 2.1 Basic Cellular Systems / 23 2.1.1 Circuit-Switched Systems / 23 2.1.2 Packet-Switched System / 25 2.2 Performance Criteria / 26 2.2.1 Voice Quality / 26 2.2.2 Data Quality / 27 2.2.3 Picture/Vision Quality / 27 2.2.4 Service Quality / 27 2.2.5 Special Features / 28 v vi CONTENTS 2.3 Uniqueness of Mobile Radio Environment / 28 2.3.1 Description of Mobile Radio Transmission Medium / 28 2.3.2 Model of Transmission Medium / 30 2.3.3 Mobile Fading Characteristics / 32 2.3.4 Direct Wave Path, Line-of-Sight Path, and Obstructive Path / 39 2.3.5 Noise Level in Cellular Frequency Band / 40 2.3.6 Amplifier Noise / 41 2.4 Operation of Cellular Systems / 41 2.4.1 Operation Procedures / 41 2.4.2 Maximum Number of Calls Per Hour Per Cell / 42 2.4.3 Maximum Number of Frequency Channels Per Cell / 44 2.5 Concept of Frequency Reuse Channels / 45 2.5.1 Frequency Reuse Schemes / 45 2.5.2 Frequency Reuse Distance / 46 2.5.3 Number of Customers in the System / 47 2.6 Cochannel Interference Reduction Factor / 48 2.7 Desired C/I from a Normal Case in an Omnidirectional Antenna System / 49 2.7.1 Analytic Solution / 49 2.7.2 Solution Obtained from Simulation / 52 2.8 Handoff Mechanism / 52 2.9 Cell Splitting / 54 2.9.1 Why Splitting? / 54 2.9.2 How Splitting? / 54 2.10 Consideration of the Components of Cellular Systems / 55 2.10.1 Antennas / 56 2.10.2 Switching Equipment / 56 2.10.3 Data Links / 57 2.11 Different Cellular Systems and B3G-Systems / 57 Chapter Specifications of Analog Systems 59 3.1 Definitions of Terms and Functions / 59 3.2 Specification of Mobile Station (Unit) in the United States / 61 3.2.1 Power / 61 3.2.2 Modulation / 61 3.2.3 Limitation on Emission / 63 3.2.4 Security and Identification / 64 3.2.5 Supervision / 64 3.2.6 Call Processing / 65 3.2.7 Mobile Station Controls on the Voice Channel / 67 3.2.8 Signaling Format / 68 3.3 Specification of Land Station (United States) / 70 3.3.1 Power / 70 3.3.2 Limit on Emission / 70 3.3.3 Call Processing / 70 3.3.4 Signaling Formats / 75 3.3.5 Additional Spectrum Radio (ASR) Issues / 78 3.4 Different Specifications of the World’s Analog Cellular Systems / 79 Chapter Digital Cellular Systems (2G Systems) 4.1 Introduction to Digital Systems / 85 4.1.1 Advantages of Digital Systems / 85 4.1.2 Digital Technologies / 86 85 CONTENTS 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 vii 4.1.3 ARQ Techniques / 99 4.1.4 Digital Speech / 104 Global System for Mobile (GSM) / 110 4.2.1 GSM Architecture / 111 4.2.2 Layer Modeling (OSI Model) / 114 4.2.3 Transmission / 115 4.2.4 GSM Channels and Channel Modes / 117 4.2.5 Multiple-Access Scheme / 119 4.2.6 Channel Coding and Interleaving / 121 4.2.7 Radio Resource (RR) Management / 124 4.2.8 Mobility Management (MM) / 125 4.2.9 Communication Management / 127 4.2.10 Network Management (NM) / 129 4.2.11 Overview of GSM / 130 North American TDMA / 130 4.3.1 History / 130 4.3.2 NA-TDMA Architecture / 131 4.3.3 Transmission and Modulation / 131 4.3.4 Time Alignment and Limitation of Emission / 137 4.3.5 Error Corrections / 138 4.3.6 Interleaving and Coding / 140 4.3.7 SCM and SID / 141 4.3.8 NA-TDMA Channels / 142 4.3.9 Discontinuous Transmission on a Digital Traffic Channel / 143 4.3.10 Authentication / 143 4.3.11 Signaling Format / 143 4.3.12 Word Format / 145 4.3.13 Enhanced NA-TDMA (IS-136) / 145 CDMA / 146 4.4.1 Terms of CDMA Systems / 147 4.4.2 Output Power Limits and Control / 149 4.4.3 Modulation Characteristics / 152 4.4.4 Joint Detection (JD) / 166 4.4.5 Authentication, Encryption, and Privacy / 167 4.4.6 Malfunction Detection / 169 4.4.7 Call Processing / 170 4.4.8 Handoff Procedures / 172 Miscellaneous Mobile Systems / 175 4.5.1 TDD Systems / 175 4.5.2 Other Full-Duplexed Systems / 178 4.5.3 Noncellular Systems / 181 Chapter B2G Systems 5.1 GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) / 187 5.1.1 GPRS Air Interface / 187 5.1.2 GPRS Network Architecture / 189 5.1.3 Transmission Plane and Signaling Plane / 190 5.1.4 GPRS Traffic Performance / 192 5.2 EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evaluation) / 193 5.2.1 Introduction / 193 5.2.2 Network Architecture / 194 5.2.3 Network Control / 195 5.3 HSCSD (High Speed Circuit Switched Data) / 196 5.4 iDEN (Integrated Digital Enhanced Network) / 197 5.4.1 History / 197 187 viii CONTENTS 5.4.2 Description of iDEN’s Attributes / 197 5.4.3 iDEN’s Unique Features / 198 5.4.4 iDEN Communications Network / 198 5.4.5 Radio Link / 202 5.4.6 Dispatch Call Processing / 206 5.4.7 Packet Data Networking / 209 5.5 PHS (Personal Handy Phone System) / 211 5.5.1 Introduction / 211 5.5.2 PHS Network Structure and System Components / 211 5.5.3 Value Added Service Platform / 212 5.5.4 PHS Physical Layer / 213 5.5.5 PHS Protocol / 215 5.5.6 PHS Basic Functions and Services / 217 5.6 IS-95B (RTT 1X) / 219 Chapter 3G Systems 6.1 WCDMA-UMTS (UTRA-FDD) Physical Layer / 226 6.1.1 Description of Physical Layer / 226 6.1.2 Transport Channels / 228 6.1.3 Physical Channels / 229 6.1.4 Transmission Characteristics / 230 6.1.5 User Data Transmission / 233 6.1.6 Physical Layer’s Functions / 234 6.2 WCDMA-ARIB Physical Layer / 235 6.2.1 FDD Mode / 235 6.2.2 TDD Mode / 239 6.2.3 Common Physical Layers for Both FDD and TDD Modes / 239 6.3 WCDMA-TDD Physical Layer / 240 6.3.1 WCDMA-TDD Channel Structure / 240 6.3.2 Channel Mapping / 241 6.3.3 Spreading (Channelization) Codes / 241 6.3.4 Modulation and Spreading / 242 6.3.5 Bandwidth Requirement and Capacity / 242 6.4 UMTS Network Architecture / 243 6.4.1 Description / 243 6.4.2 MAC Layer / 245 6.4.3 RLC Layer / 247 6.4.4 PDCP Layer / 248 6.4.5 BMC Layer / 248 6.4.6 RRC Layer / 249 6.4.7 Overview of 3GPP Release 99 Network / 250 6.5 Evolution of UMTS-3GPP Release and Beyond (Release 5, 6, 7) / 254 6.5.1 Release Core Network Architecture / 254 6.5.2 VoIP Technology / 254 6.5.3 3GPP Release Core Architecture (HSDPA, IMS, PoC) / 259 6.5.4 3GPP Release (MBMS, EUDCH) / 261 6.5.5 3GPP Release / 262 6.6 cdma2000 Physical Layer / 263 6.6.1 Physical Channels / 263 6.6.2 Radio Interface Parameters of cdma2000 FDD / 265 6.6.3 Transmission Characteristics for cdma2000 TDD / 270 6.7 cdma2000 Network / 271 6.7.1 MAC Sublayer / 271 6.7.2 RLP Layer / 273 6.7.3 SRBP (Signaling Radio Burst Protocol) Layer / 275 225 .. .WIRELESS AND CELLULAR TELECOMMUNICATIONS This page intentionally left blank WIRELESS AND CELLULAR TELECOMMUNICATIONS William C Y Lee, Ph.D Chairman, Treyspan, Inc (Formerly Vice President and. .. Chapter 11 Handoffs and Dropped Calls 11.1 Value of Implementing Handoffs / 485 11.1.1 Why Handoffs / 485 11.1.2 Types of Handoff / 485 11.1.3 Two Decision-Making Parameters of Handoff / 486... Hard Handoffs / 487 11.1.5 Number of Hard Handoffs Per Call / 487 11.1.6 Area of Soft Handoffs in a Cell / 488 11.2 Initiation of a Hard Handoff / 489 11.3 Delaying a Handoff / 490 11.3.1 Two-Handoff-Level