Preview Langes Handbook of Chemistry,17th Edition by James Speight (2016) Preview Langes Handbook of Chemistry,17th Edition by James Speight (2016) Preview Langes Handbook of Chemistry,17th Edition by James Speight (2016) Preview Langes Handbook of Chemistry,17th Edition by James Speight (2016) Preview Langes Handbook of Chemistry,17th Edition by James Speight (2016)
This page intentionally left blank LANGE'S HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY This page intentionally left blank LANGE'S HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY Dr James G Speight CD& W Inc., Laramie, WYoming Seventeenth Edition New York Chicago San Francisco Athans London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi Singapora Sydney Toronto Copyright© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education All rights reserved Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part ofthis publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher ISBN: 978-1-25-958610-1 MHID: 1-25-958610-3 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-1-25-958609-5, MHID: 1-25-958609-X eBook conversion by codeMantra Version 1.0 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit ofthe trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps McGraw-Hill Education eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions or for use in corporate training programs To contact a representative, please visit the Contact Us page at www.mhprofessional.com Information contained in this work has been obtained by McGraw-Hill Education from sources believed to be reliable However, neither McGraw-Hill Education nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and neither McGraw-Hill Education nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out ofuse ofthis information This work is published with the understanding that McGraw-Hill Education and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought TERMSOFUSE This is a copyrighted work and McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work Use of this work is subject to these terms Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill Education's prior consent You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms THE WORK IS PROVIDED "AS IS." McGRAW-HILL EDUCATION AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free Neither McGraw-Hill Education nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom McGraw-Hill Education has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill Education and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise ABOUT THE EDITOR Dr James G Speight, CChem FRSC, FCIC, FACS, earned his B.Sc and Ph.D degrees (in chemistry) from the University of Manchester, England He also holds a D.Sc (in geological sciences) from VINIGRI, St Petersburg, Russia, and a Ph.D (in petroleum engineering) from Dubna International University, Moscow, Russia Dr Speight has more than 45 years of experience in areas associated with (1) the properties, recovery, and refining of reservoir :fluids, conventional petroleum, heavy oil and tar sands bitumen; (2) the properties and refining of natural gas and gaseous fuels; and (3) the properties and refining of biomass, biofuels, and biogas, and the generation of bioenergy His work has also focused on safety issues, environmental effects, and remediation associated with the production and use of fuels and biofuels Dr Speight is the author of more than 65 books on petroleum science, petroleum engineering, biomass and biofuels, and environmental sciences He was elected to the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1996 and awarded the Gold Medal of Honor that same year for outstanding contributions to the field of petroleum sciences Dr Speight has also received the Scientists without Borders Medal of Honor from the Russian Academy of Sciences In 2001, the Academy awarded him the Einstein Medal for outstanding contributions and service in the field of geological sciences This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS For the detailed contents of any section, consult the first page of that section See also the alphabetical index in the back of this Handbook Preface to the Seventeenth Edition ix Preface to the Sixteenth Edition xi Preface to the First Edition x111 Section Inorganic Chemistry Section Organic Chemistry Section Naturally Occurring Chemicals and Chemical Sources Index 435 1239 1283 vii This page intentionally left blank I TABLE 1.3 Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds (Continued) Name Tellurium (IV) bromide (II) chloride (IV) chloride (IV) fluoride (VI) fluoride (IV) iodide (IV) oxide Terbium chloride nitrate 6-water Thallium (I) bromide (I) carbonate (I) chloride (I) cyanide (I) ethoxide (I) fluoride (Ill) fluoride (1) iodide (rhombic) (1) nitrate (1) oxide (Ill) oxide (hexagonal) (1) selenate(VI) (1) selenide (1) sulfate (1) sulfide Thiocarbony1 chloride Thiocyanogen Thionyl, see Sul.li.nyl ~1tribromide trichloride (alpha) trifluoride Thiosul.finyldifiuoride Thorium chloride fluoride iodide nitrate Formula Te TeBr TeCl2 Tee~ TeF4 TeF6 Te~ TeOz Tb TbC13 Tb(N03h · 6H20 T1 TlBr n~o3 TlCl TlCN TlQYHs T1F T1F3 T1I TIN~ n 2o n2~ Tl2Se04 T12Se n2so4 n 2s S=CCI (SCNh PSBr3 PSC13 PSF3 S=SF2 Th ThC~ ThF4 Th4 Th(N~)4 Formula weight Density 127.60 447.22 198.51 269.41 203.59 241.59 635.22 159.60 158.9254 265.28 453.03 204.383 284.29 468.78 239.84 230.40 249.44 223.38 261.38 331.29 266.39 424.77 456.77 551.73 487.73 504.83 440.83 114.98 116.16 6.24 4.3 6.9 3.0 302.78 169.41 120.03 102.13 232.Q38 373.85 308.03 739.66 400.06 10.601 giL 5.05 5.9 8.23 4.35 11.85 7.5 7.11 7.00 6.523 3.49 8.36 8.65 7.1 5.55 9.52 10.2 6.875 9.05 6.77 8.39 1.509 1' Melting point, oc Boiling point, oc 449.8 380 208 225 129 -37.68 280 733 1356 588 89.3 303.5 460 272 430 d -3 326 550d 442 206 579 834 >400 340 632 448 989.9 "'20d 328 380 d>195 subl-38.9 1245 3230 1550 1457 820 720 d 130 826 823 d450 1080 -02,875 d 1367 73.5 ca.-2 2.85 17 1.635 11.7 4.59 6.1 6.00 38.0 -40.8 -148.8 -165 1750 770 1110 570 d630, Th02 209d 125 -52.2 -10.6 4788 921 1680 837 Solubility in 100 parts solvent s HN03, KOH, cone H2S04 HBr, etb, HOAc disprop with eth, diox; s acid hyd aq; s HCI, abs ale, bz daq hydaq,KOH hyd aq; s Ill, alkali; sl s acet s HCl, HF, NaOH s acids vsaq saq iaq;sHN~ 0.05 20 aq; s ale 4.1 g/100 mL20 aq; i ale 0.33 20 aq; i ale 16.8 g/100 mL28 aq; sale, acid s eth; sl s ale; d aq 78.6% 15 aq daq i aq, ale; s KI 9.55 g/100 mL20 aq; i ale v s aq; s acid, ale i aq; d by HCl, H2S04 2.8 g/100 mL20 aq; i ale, eth i aq, acid 4.87 g/100 mL20 aq 0.0220 aq; s mineral acids d aq; seth d aq; s ale, cs2, eth s aq, eth, cs2 hyd aq; s bz, chl, CS2 hydaq s acids aq, ale s acids hydaq 191 g/100 mL20 aq; v sale oxide sulfate 9-water Thullium chloride fluoride Tin (white) (II) acetate (II) bromide (IV) bromide (II) chloride (IV) chloride (II) fluoride (IV) fluoride hexafluorozirconate (II) iodide (IV) iodide (II) oxalate (II) oxide (IV) oxide (II) selenide (II) sulfate (II) sulfide (IV) sulfide Th~ Th(SO,J2 · 9H20 Tm TmCI3 TmF3 Sn Sn(CJ!302h SnBr2 SnBr4 SnC12 SoC~ SnF2 SnF4 Sn[ZrFrJ Snl2 s~ SnC20 SnO Sn~ SnSe SnS04 SnS SnS2 264.04 586.30 168.9342 275.29 225.93 118.710 236.80 278.52 438.33 189.61 260.52 156.71 194.70 323.92 372.52 626.33 206.73 134.71 150.71 197.67 214.77 150.78 182.84 10.0 2.77 9.32 7.971 7.265 2.31 5.12 3.34 3.90 2.234 4.57 4.78 4.21 5.285 4.46 3.56 6.45 6.95 6.179 4.15 5.08 4.5 3390 anhyd400 1545 824 1158 231.928 182.5 215 31 246.9 -3.3 213 320 143 280d 4400 1950 1490 2230 2602 240 639 205 623 114.1 850 subl705 714 364 toSn~, 300 1630 861 toSn02, 378 880 d600 1210 shot H 2S04 1.57 g/100 mL25 aq sacids s aq, ale sH2S04 s cone HCI, hot H 2S04 d aq; s dilute HCI 85 g/100 mL0 aq; sale, eth v a (byd) aq; s acet, ale 84 g/100 mL0 aq; s acet, ale, eth s aq (byd), ale, acet, bz, eth 30%aq hydaq saq 0.9820 aq (d); s bz, chl, alk cl- or~ hyd aq; s ale, bz, cbl, eth, cc~ cs2 s dilute HCl s acids, cone KOH s hot cone KOH (slow) s aqua regia, alkali sulfides 18.9 g/100 mL20 aq; s dilute H 2S04 s cone HCl, hot cone H 2S04 s aq reg, alkali hydroxides & sulfides (II) telluride Titanium (hexagonal) (Ill) bromide (IV) bromide (II) chloride (Ill) chloride (IV) chloride dihydride (IV) fluoride (IV) iodide (IV) isopropoxide (II) oxide SnTe Ti TiBr3 TiBr4 TiC12 TiC13 TiC12 TiH2 TiF4 Ti4 Ti[OCH(CH~i14 TiO 246.31 47.867 287.58 367.48 118.77 154.23 189.68 49.88 123.86 555.49 284.22 63.87 6.5 4.506 4.24 3.37 3.13 2.64 1.73 3.752 2.798 4.3 0.9711~ 4.95 790 1668 39 1035 425 d -25 d450 >400 150 -20 1750 3287 subl794 230 1500 iaq s hot acid, HF 136.4 hyd aq; 187 g/100 mL abs ale daq; sale s aq (beat evolved), ale s cold aq, ale subl285.5 377 220 3660 s aq (slow hyd); s ale, pyr s dry nonpolar solvents d aq; s bz, cbl, eth sH2S04 (Continued) TABLE 1.3 Physical Constants oflnorganie Compounds (Continued) Melting point, Name Formula (Ill) oxide (IV) oxide (mtile) oxide sulfate (El) sulfate Thngsten Tiz03 Ti02 TiOS04 Ti2(SOJJ (V)bromide (VI) bromide (V) chloride (VI) chloride dichloride dioxide (VI) fluoride (IV) oxide (VI) oxide (IV) sulfide tetrachloride oxide tetrafluoride oxide Uranium (IV) bromide (Ill) chloride (IV) chloride (V) chloride (VI) chloride (IV) fluoride (VI) fluoride (Ill) hydride (IV) iodide (IV) oxide (pitchblende) (VI) oxide octaoxide [(V,VI) oxide] peroxide 2-water WBrs WBr6 WC1 WC4 WC1 20 WF6 Uranyl(VI) acetate 2-water chloride fluoride w w~ w~ WSz WC40 WF40 u UBr4 UC13 UC4 UC!s UC4 UF4 UF6 UH3 U4 U0 uo3 U30s U04 ·2H20 U0z(~30:zh · 2Hz0 U02Clz UOzFz Formula weight 143.73 79.87 159.94 383.93 183.84 583.36 663.26 361.10 396.56 286.74 297.83 215.84 231.84 247.97 341.65 275.83 238.0289 557.65 344.39 379.84 415.29 450.75 314.02 352.02 241.05 745.65 270.03 286.03 842.08 338.06 422.13 340.93 308.03 oc Density 4.486 4.23 19.25 6.9 3.875 3.52 4.67 3.441 10.8 7.16 7.6 11.92 5.07 19.1 5.55 5.51 4.725 3.6 6.70 5.09 11.1 5.6 10.97 7.29 8.38 2.893 5.43 6.37 Boiling point, oc 1842 1843 Solubility in 100 parts solvent s H 2S04, hot HF s HF, hot cone H 2S04 daq s dilute HCl, dilute H 2S04 s HN03 + HF, fusion NaOH + NaN03 hyd aq; s chl, eth hyd aq; s eth CS2 hydaq hyd aq; s CS 2, CC4 hydaq; sHCl hyd aq; s anhyd HF s acids, KOH i aq; s hot alkali sHN03+HF hydaq 3387 5900 286 309 242 279 265 2.3 1550 1472 d 1250 211 106 1135 519 837 590 287 177 1036 64.0 333 sub1327 286 347 d369 17.5 d1724 1837 506 2827 d1300 d 1300toU02 d 90-195 to U 20, (slow) anhyd 110 577 d300 757 s acid v8aq vsaq v s aq (d); s polar org solvents daq; sCS2 hydaq; chl s cone acids (d); a1k (d) hyd aq; chl, CC4 iaq saq d >200toUOz i aq; s HCl, HN~ sHN03 dbyHCl 227 186 4131 777 1657 790 527 392 1417 subl56.5 sconcHN~ d275 7.7 g/100 mL15 aq; s1 sale 320 g/100 mL18 aq; s acet, ale vsaq nitrate 6-water sulfate 3-water Vanadium (IV) chloride dichloride oxide (Ill) fluoride (IV) fluoride (V) fluoride (11) oxide (Ill) oxide (IV) oxide (V) oxide (IV) oxide sulfate (Ill) sulfate (Ill) sulfide Xenon difluoride hexafluoride tetrafluoride trioxide Ytterbium (11) chloride (Ill) chloride 6-water (Ill) fluoride (Ill) nitrate 4-water (Ill) oxide (Ill) sulfate 8-water Yttrium chloride fluoride nitrate 6-water oxide sulfate 8-water Zinc acetate dihydrate arsenate(Ill)(1-) UOz(N03)z · 6Hz0 U~S04 ·3~0 v VCJ VC120 VF3 VF4 VFs vo V 20 v~ VzOs voso4 Vz(SOJ3 VzS3 Xe XeF XeF6 XeF4 Xe03 Yb YbC~ YbC~·6HzO YbF3 Yb(N~h · 4Hz0 ~~ ~(SOJ · 8H20 y YC13 YF3 Y(N~h·6~0 Y 20 Y 2(SOJ3 · 8H20 Zn Zn(CzH3~)z · 2Hz0 Zn(AsOz)z 502.13 420.14 50.9415 192.75 137.86 107.94 126.94 145.93 66.94 149.88 82.94 181.88 163.00 390.07 198.08 131.29 169.29 245.28 207.28 179.29 173.04 243.95 387.49 230.04 431.12 394.08 778.39 88.9059 195.26 145.90 383.01 225.81 610.12 65.39 219.51 279.23 2.50 5.76 4.87 4.34 3.35 60 d 100 1917 -25.7 disprop 384 1400 subl120 (vac) & disprop 19.5 1790 1940 1967 670 4.72 5.761 giL 4.32 3.56 4.04 4.55 6.90 5.27 2.57 8.17 410 (vac) d600 -111.8 129.0 49.5 117.1 explodes 25 819 721 anhyd 180 1157 2.807 3.28 6.1119 1.82 2.88 3.363 3.15 9.18 3.3 4.472 2.61 4.0 2.68 5.03 2.56 7.14 1.735 d118 3421 148 subl800 48 d1800 -108.04 subl114.3 75.6 subl115.7 1196 1930 mp:865 2230 2435 1522 721 1152 -3~0 3345 1510 2230 100 2440 anhyd400 419.527 237d 4300 d>1000 907 155 g/100 mL20 aq; v s ale, etb g/100 mi : 21 aq, ale s HF, HN~ hot H 2S04- aq reg hyd aq; s nonpolar solvents hyd (slow) aq; s abs ale, HOAc i almost all organic solvents s aq, aret, HOAc hyd aq; v s anhyd HF, acet, ale sHCI sl s acids s acids, alkalis 0.07 aq; s cone acids, alkalis saq s (slow) aq, HN~ s hot acids, alkali sulfides 10.8 mU100 mL20 aq 2.5 g/100 ml aq hydaq hyd aq; s F3CCOOH s aq giving xenic acid sacids saq v saq sH2S04 saq s dilute acids 34.8 g/100 mL20 aq s hot water (d) 79 g/100 mL20 aq; s ale s cone acids (d) 171 g/100 mL20 aq sacids 9.6 g/100 mL20 aq i aq; s acids, alkalis (slow) g/100 mi : 41.620 aq, 3.3 ale sacids (Conlinued) N TABLE 1.3 Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds (Continued) Melting point, Name arsenate(Y)(3-) 8-water bromide carbonate chloride cbromate(VI) cyanide fluoride hexafluorosilicate 6-water iodate iodide nitrate 6-water oxide peroxide 1,4-phenolsulfonate 8-water phosphate(Y) phosphide propionate selenide silicate(2-) stearate sulfate sulfate 7-water sulfide (wirzite) telluride thiocyanate Ziiconium Formula Formula weight •c Density Boiling point, •c ~As04)2 · 8H20 618.13 225.20 3.33 4.5 394 697 ZnC~ 125.40 136.29 4.4 2.907 -(:02,300 290 732 181.39 117.43 103.39 315.56 415.20 319.20 297.49 81.39 97.39 555.84 3.40 1.852 4.9 2.104 5.063 4.74 2.067 5.60 1.57 3.998 4.55 900 420 5.65 ZnS04 ZnS04 ·7H20 ZnS ZnTe Zn(SCN)2 Zr 386.11 258.12 211.53 144.35 222.86 632.34 161.45 287.56 97.46 192.99 181.56 91.224 4.10 1.095 3.8 1.97 4.09 6.34 >1100 1512 130 680d anhyd280 1722 1239 6.52 1852 3577 ZrBr4 ZrC ZrC12 410.84 103.23 162.13 3.98 6.73 3.6 450 3532 727 sub1357 5100 1292 r2 ZnCl2 ZnCJ:04 Zn(CN}a ZnF2 Zn[SiF6] • 6H20 Zn(l03h Zn12 Zn(N~h · 6H20 ZnO Zn~ Zn[~(OH)S 03l2 · 8H20 Zn3(P04h Zn3P2 Zn(~~Oah ZnSe Zn2Si04 Zn(C,sli3~0J2 d800 872 d100 d 446 -l50 anhyd 120 1500 625d explodes 212 1100 Solubility in 100 parts solvent s acids and alkalis g/100 mL: 4712!5 aq, 200 ale; s KOH, eth 0.022!5 aq; s acids, KOH, Nl4 salts g/100 ml: 3952D aq, 77 ale, 50 glyc; v s acet s acids 0.05818 aq; s acids, KCN, KOH s HN03, HCl, NJ40H vsaq 0.8720 aq; s HN03, KOH g/100 mL: 33220 aq, 50 glyc; v sale 146 g/100 mL0 aq; v sale i aq; s acids, KOH, NJ40H d (slow) aq; s dilute acids (d) g/100 mL: 63 aq, 56 ale s acids, NJ40H d aq, HCl (viol); s bz, CS2 32% 15 aq; 2.8%15 ale ddiluteHN~ d>500 i aq or dilute acids d dil acids; s bz; i aq, ale, eth 53.8%20 aq g/100 mL: 167 aq, 40 glyc; i ale i aq; s dilute mineral acids d (slow) aq or dilute HCl 0.14 aq; sale s aq reg, HF, hot H 3P04o fusion with KOH+KN~ {lV) bromide carbide (ll) chloride sl s cone H2S04 daq (IV) chloride ZtC~ diboride dichloride oxide 8-water d.ihydride (IV) fluoride (TV) hydroxide (IV) iodide ZrB2 ZtC120 ° 8H20 ZrH2 ZrF4 Zr(OH)4 Zr4 (IV) nitrate 5-water (TV) oxide (IV) sllicate(4-) Zr(N03)4 ° SH20 sulfate 4-water Zr(S0~ ° ZrOz ZrSi04 4H20 233o03 ll2o85 322o25 93o24 167022 159o25 598o84 2o80 6o17 1.91 5o61 4.436 3o25 429o32 123022 183o31 5068 4o56 355o41 2o80 437 (25 atm) 3245 anhyd210 subl334 d4193 d410 9321p toZr02,500 499 (sealed tube) subl912 d 100 2678 d 1540 to Zr02 + Si02 anhyd380 subl432o5 4300 hyd aq to ZtC120; s ale, eth v s aq, ale iaq 1.32 g/100 mL20 aq s mineral acids s aq (d), eth vsaq;salc shot H2S04, HF (slow) unaffected by aqueous reagents 52.5 g/100 g aqueous solution 74 SECTION ONE TABLE 1.4 Color, Crystal Symmetry, and Refractive Index of Inorganic CompolllldB Abbrevilllions Used ill the Tllbh Color B BE BK CL G GN p Compound Actinium Bromide Chloride Fluoride Oxide brown blue black colorless gray R Crystal symmetry cubic H huagonal M monoclinic R rhombic RH rhombohedral T tl!tragonal trigonal TG TR triclinic c red silvt!r violet white yt!llow SL v w y green orange purple Formula AcBr3 AcC13 AcF3 ~03 Molecular weight Color Crystal symmetry 466.7 333.4 284.0 502.0 w w w w H H H H CL R H H TR M y R H H R R R H Aluminum Bromide Carbide Chloride Fluoride Hydroxide Iodide Nitrate Nitride Oxide Phosphate Silicate Sulfate Sulfide AIP04 Al2Si05 Al2(S04)3 Al2S3 266.7 143.9 133.3 84.0 78.0 407.7 375.1 41.0 102.0 122.0 162.0 342.2 150.2 Americium Oxide IV Am~ 275.1 B c NJ4Br