Tài liệu WHY - WHY ANALYSIS TRAINING doc

WHY - WHY ANALYSIS TRAINING ☯ OBJECTIVES: ☯ To understand the definition of Why - Why Analysis. ☯ To clarify the procedure for developing a Why - Why Analysis. ☯ To stress the importance of each step in the Why - Why Analysis. ☯ COURSE SCOPE / JUSTIFICATION: ☯ Why-Why Analysis is a basic, fundamental tool in the development of the IWS cornerstones, so it is essential that each Leader in the implementation of IWS know this technique and transmit it to his/her work teams. WHY - WHY ANALYSIS ☯ What is Why-Why Analysis? ☯ It is a tool to identify root causes of a problem so that countermeasures can be applied to prevent reoccurence. ☯ Why-Why Process: ☯ Basically the process is to keep asking why for all possible causes until you can find the root cause for each effect and, therefore, find a countermeasure for each root cause. Why-Why Analysis ☯ A different way to organize Cause and effect relationships. ☯ More efficient after a Cause and effect Analysis ☯ Done on the Priority items found in a Cause and Effect Analysis. How do tools fit? Effect HuMan Machine MethodsMaterial EnvironMent Cause Effect Type of Check Check Details 1. Direct Observation 2. Evidence from collected data 3. Expert’s experience 4. Theory 5. Others Thesis Already existing reference standard Check method to be used Already existing Control Method Results of the check Verify existence of cause and effect for this situation Cause and Effect Worksheet Problem Why Why Why Why Why ☯ Go On the Floor, at the point of the problem ☯ See the problem ☯ Listen to the people who live the problem Recommneded Why-Why Analysis Approach What is the Product of a Why-Why Analysis ? It is a structured, field checked, relationship with each cause-effect relationship linked from the lowest element back to the phenomenon. P h e n o m e n o n W h y ? W h y ? W h y ? W h y ? Why? R o o t C a u s e Std.’ s E x i s t ? A c t i o n T a k e n ? A c t i o n Standards (4M’s) h u M a n e q u i p M M e t h o d M a t e r i a l SOP E x i s t ? True NTru e X X X A p p l i e d ? F i e l d C h e c k Y N Y N Restore New Std. New Maint. Std. Y N WHY-WHY NTru e Let’s Break the Analysis into the Following Steps 1. Understanding the Problem 2. Defining the Phenomenon to be analyzed. 3. Establishing Cause-Effect Relationship through Why questioning and Field Checks. 4. Logical Review of the Analysis 5. Checking for Standards and SOP’s Let’s See What’s going on? 1. The light bulb “doesn’t go on” 2. “He slipped” 3. The match “doesn’t light” 4. The pen “doesn’t write” Time: 10’ 1. Understanding the Problem Understanding the problem • Form a team of qualified, knowledgeable people. • Develop a general description of the problem. • Develop an initial problem statement. How you focus on the Problem Greatly impacts the success of the Analysis. 1. Understanding the Problem [...]... them before start doing the analysis (Checklist) Advantages: +Simpler +More practical +Faster 1 Understanding the Problem According to physical causes Identify the mechanics that generates the phenomenon and start the analysis based on it Advantages: +More complete +More precise +More effective This material considers this approach as the standard way to perform why- why analysis 2 Defining the Phenomenon... it exists or not, stopping the analysis for that branch when the cause doesn’t exist) ☯b) If it is possible to put a direct countermeasure to the cause into place, do it and stop the analysis ensure that procedures or standards are in place to maintain condition achieved 3 Establishing Cause-Effect Relationship Why does it happen? Work group activity (4) ☯ Ask the first Why? ” question and answer it... light bulb “doesn’t go on” 3 The match “won’t light” 2 “He slipped” 4 The pen “doesn’t work” Time: 15’ 3 Establishing Cause-Effect Relationship Why does that happen? 1 The light bulb “doesn’t go on” FIRST WHY: Why is the flow of electric current through the filament insufficient o non-existent? (The flow of electric current in a flow of free electrons in the material) a) There aren’t any free electrons... electrons c) There is not enough energy d) There is nowhere for the electrons to flow (The filament is broken) Eliminated by evidence 3 Establishing Cause-Effect Relationship Why does that happen? 2 “He slipped” FIRST WHY: F = Impulse that provokes the slide Why is F > f ? f = Force of friction OBSERVING “F”: a) The person is leaning Eliminated, too much b) Some outside force of nothing impulse added to... him high OBSERVING “f”: a) The surfaces between his sole and the floor present little friction b) There is a lubricant between the surfaces 3 Establishing Cause-Effect Relationship Why does that happen? 3 The match “won’t light” FIRST WHY: Why is there not enough friction between the match head and the matchbox strip to produce the heat needed to cause ignition? (In this case of friction, what is important... enough d) There is a lubricant between the surfaces e) The friction duration is not long enough to heat the match head and produce ignition 3 Establishing Cause-Effect Relationship Why does that happen? 4 The pen “doesn’t work.” FIRST WHY: Why doesn’t the ink flow over the pen’s point? a) Ink isn’t reaching the pen’s point b) There’s no pressure on the ink to the pen’s point (Gravity, others) c) There’s... Defining the Phenomenon to be analyzed What’s going on? 3 The match “won’t light” In order for a match to light, 3 conditions need to be met: a) Fuel .- Met with the striking material and the match head (OK.) b) Oxygen .- Provided by the environment (OK.) c) Heat .- Caused by the friction of the match head against the rough strip on the matchbox DESCRIPTION OF THE PHENOMENON: There is not enough friction between... write, ink needs to flow to the pen’s ballpoint and over it onto a surface where it is deposited DESCRIPTION OF THE PHENOMENON: Ink doesn’t flow over the pen’s point 3 Establishing Cause-Effect Relationship ☯ First Why about the Phenomenon ☯This question needs to be answered from a physical and/or logical point of view ☯The question needs to be answered for each element involved in the description... The engine is using one quart of oil every 500 miles The car seats are ripped Problems? Phenomena? Scotoma Training ☯Definition ☯Scotoma literally means “limited vision within our field of vision.” It is used to explain the fact that we sometimes see what we expect to see ☯How it links to this training ☯Scotomas can keep us from recognizing the causes to some problems We might not even recognize the . WHY - WHY ANALYSIS TRAINING ☯ OBJECTIVES: ☯ To understand the definition of Why - Why Analysis. ☯ To clarify the procedure for developing a Why - Why Analysis. . Why Why Why Why Why ☯ Go On the Floor, at the point of the problem ☯ See the problem ☯ Listen to the people who live the problem Recommneded Why- Why Analysis