=> You won't pass the exam unless you study hard.. Week 18.[r]
(1)Week 16 Date:
PhRases and clause of reason
I Grammar1 Phrase of reason: Because of + N ( NP)/ gerund phrase.
*Note: Because of : is often interchangeable with the expression “ due to”
Eg: Jane was worried because of the rain
The students arrived late because of the traffic jam We have to cut down our driving because of oil shortage Because of the rain, we have cancelled the party
2 Clause of reason
Adverbial clause of reason : Là mệnh đề phụ lý nguyên nhân hành động đợc nêu mệnh đề Thờng đợc nối với mệnh đề nhờ từ nối : Because/ since/ as ( Since/ As thờng đứng đầu câu
*Form:
Since / As / because + S + V Eg: He came ten minutes late because he missed the first bus. (As/ Since he missed the first bus, he came ten minutes late.) She was worried because it started to rain
They didn’t take part in the trip because the weather was bad
* Note: Khi đổi từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ hai chủ ngữ giống -> ta dùng gerund phrase
Eg: She stayed at home because she was sick. -> She stayed at home because of being sick II Exercises
Ex1 Supply either “because” or “ because of”.
1 It was difficult to deliver the letter…… the sender had written the wrong address on the envelope => because
2 We decided to leave early …… the party was boring -> because Paul may not go to the football game …… his grades -> because of We have to stay at home …… the heavily rain -> because of
Ex2: Combine the sentences using “ because/ since/ as”
1 She saw a wanted man in a small shop She phoned the police The teacher is sick We’ll have no class tomorrow Daisy looks happy She has just got good marks
4 It got dark I couldn’t read the letter *Keys
1 She phoned the police because she saw a wanted man Since The teacher is sick, we’ll have no class tomorrow Daisy looks happy because she has just got good marks As it got dark , I couldn’t read the letter
Ex3: Rewrite sentences using “ because” It’s raining so we stay at home
2 Most people hear jogging is good exercise, so they begin to jog The climate in the countryis healthy, so people like to live there Tomorrow is a public holiday, so all the shops will be shut * Keys
1 We stay at home because it’s raining
(2)4 All the shop will be shut because tomorrow is a public holiday Ex4: Change clause of reason to phrase.
1 She went to bed early because she felt sick
2 John succeeded in his axam because he work hard and methodically I like him because his mother is kind to me
4 I can’t eat these fruits because they are green He came late because it rained heavily
* Keys
1 She went to bed early because of feeling sick
2 John succeeded in his exam because of working hard and methodically I like him because of his mother’s kindness to me
4 I can’t eat these fruit because of the greenness of the fruits He came late because of the heavy rain
Week 17 Date:
Phrase and clause of concession 1 Phrase of concession( sù nh îng bé)
“ In spite of / dispite” ( MỈc dï/ cho dï)
In spite of / dispite + sth/ doing sth. Eg: Despite she shortage, She is beautiful
Despite his physical handicape, he has become a successful businessman.( khuyÕt tËt) In spite of her bad grades, Jane will be admitted to the university
* Mệnh đề “ In spite of / despite” đặt sau mệnh đề II Clause of concession
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ nhợng mệnh đề phụ tơng phản hai hành động câu Mệnh đề thờng băt đầu với từ nối : Although/ eventhough/ no matter/ whatever ( dù / cho dù)
* Structures:
1) Although /eventhough/ though/ Much as( MỈc dï) + S + V Eg: Although the weather was very bad, we had a picnic
We took many pictures though the sky was cloudy
2)No matter+ who/what / when/ where/ why(No matter what he says, I don't believe her.)
How ( adj/ adv)+ S + V( No matter how rich you are, you can never win her heart) Whatever + N + S + V.( Whatever you said, I don't believe you.)
However(cho dù nữa)+ Adj/ Adv( However poor they are, they live happily.)
* Note: Mệnh đề bắt đầu : No matter/ whatever thờng đặt trớc mệnh đề chính. Eg: No matter who you are, I still love you.
No matter what she says, I don’t believe her Whatever he says, nobody believes him
Whatever others may say, you are certainly right Exercise1: combine each pair of sentences below. He is very rich He isn’t happy ( although)
2 He is very rich He isn’t happy ( no matter)
3,4 She can’t answer my question She is very intelligent ( although / no matter) 5,6 She says anything I don’t believe her ( whatever / no matter)
7,8 He tried He was not seccessful ( although/ no matter)
(3)1 Although he is rich, he isn’t happy. No matter how rich he is, he isn’t happy
3 Although she is very intelligent, she can’t answer my question No matter how intelligent she is, she can’t answer my question No matter what she says, I don’t believe her
6.Whatever she says, I don’t……
7 Although he tried, he wasn’t successful
8.No matter how hard he tried, he wasn’t successful No matter what good jobs he got, he wasn’t satisfied 10 Even though he got good jobs, he wasn’t …
11 Though it is cold, he didn’t wear warm clothes
12 No matter how cold it was, he didn’t wear warm clothes Clause of condition
1 Type 1: ( real condition)
If clause Main clause
Present simple tense will/ can/ may/ may/ should + V
ex If we don't leave now, we will miss the train.( điều kiện có khả xảy tơng lai hay tại.)
2 Type 2: ( unreal in present)
If clause Main clause
Past subjuntive/ past tense would/ could/ might + V ex: If I were you I wouldn’t that.( tobe: dùng cho tất ngôi.) Type 3: ( Unreal in the past)
If clause Main clause
Past perfect would/ could/ might + have + P2 ex If I had worked hard, I wouldn’t have failed the exam last year. 4 Unless( = if not)- thêng dïng câu điều kiện loại 1. If clause -> unless
(-) -> (+) , MĐ khơng đổi
(+) -> (+) , MĐ đổi theo thể ngợc lại ex He will be better if he takes morning exercises.
-> Unless he takes morning exercises, he won’t be better
Exercise1: Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct tense 1.If I see him, I ( give) her a gift -> will give
2 If I had a typewriter, I ( type) it myself -> would type
3 If I ( know) his phone number, I would give it to you -> knew
4 I shouldn’t have believed it if I (not /see) it with my own eyes -> hadn’t seen If she had asked you, you ( accept)? -> would you have accepted?
6 Rice plants ( grow) well if there is enough rain -> will grow He may be late if he ( not/ hurry) -> doesn’t hurry
8 Tell him ( ring) me if you (see) him -> to ring/ see
9 If I tell you a secret, you ( promise) not to tell it to anyone else? -> will you promise 10 If you ( be/not) careful, you’ll cut yourself with that knife -> aren’t
Ex2: Use unless instead of if
1 If you don’t like this one, I’ll bring you another
=> I won't bring you another unless you like this one If we had more rain, our crops would be better
(4)3 If you don’t study hard, you won’t pass the exam
=> You won't pass the exam unless you study hard
4 If I have time, I will help him => I won't help him unless I have time Week 18
Date:
Revision reported speech 1 Têng tht c¶m xóc.
- động từ tờng thuật + with + N - động từ tờng thuật + adv
ex '' Hurrah! I've passed the exam!''
=> He exclaimed with joy that he had passed the exam
He exclaimed joyfully/ happily/ cheerfully that he had passed the exam 2 Tờng thuật hành động lời nói.
a) Têng tht lêi trÇn tht: - admit that: (thó nhËn r»ng)
ex '' It was me who took the money'' => He admitted that he had taken the money - answer that/ reply that( tr¶ lêi r»ng )
ex '' Did you go out last night?'' she said.- '' No'' he answer
=> She asked if he had gone out the night before He answered that he hadn't - argue that:( tranh c·i r»ng)
ex.'' A cat isnot strong enough to open the fridge'' - he said => He argued that a cat wasn't strong enogh to open the fridge - claim that( cho r»ng)
ex.'' I've done it right''- he said.=> He claimed that he had done it right - complain that( phµn nµn r»ng)
ex '' You've never taken me out since we got married'', his wife said
=> His wife complained that he had never taken her out since they got married - accuse sb of doing sth:( buộc tội làm )
ex '' You've copied my essay.''- his friend said => His friend accused him of copying his essay - deny that/ V-ing: ( chèi r»ng)
ex '' You've taken my phone.'', his friend said - '' I didn't'' , he said
=>He denied taking his phone./ His friend accused him of taking the phone but he denied it
- apologize for doing sth:
ex '' I'm sorry I'm late.'', he said => He apologized for being late - agree to sth: đồng ý làm gì
- offer to sth: tình nguyện làm gì - insist on doing sth: cố địi làm gì
- promise that/ promise to sth: høa r»ng - refuse to sth: tõ chèi lµm gì
- threaten to sth: doạ làm gì
- assure somebody that: bảo đảm với rằng - object that: phản đối rằng
- explain( to sb) that: gi¶i thÝch (víi ai) r»ng - remark that: nhËn xÐt r»ng
- state that: ph¸t biĨu r»ng
- reported that: têng thuËt r»ng/ b¸o c¸o r»ng - remind sb that/ remind sb to sth
- opologize for doing sth b)Tờng thuật lời yêu cầu:
(5)- urge sb to sth: thúc giục làm
- encourage sb to sth: khuyến khích, động viên làm - advise sb to sth: khuyên làm
- warn sb( not) to sth: cảnh báo đừng làm
Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence in reported speech, beginning as shown. 1) '' I wouldn't cook the fish for too long, if I were you.'', said Jean
- Jean advised ( me not to cook the fish for too long)
2)'' Helen, would you like to come over for lunch on Sunday?''- said Mary - Mary invited ( Helen to come over for lunch on Sunday)
3)'' Don't forget to take a short rest every two hours, will you?''- she said - She reminded (me to take a short rest every two hours)
4) '' Why don't you take a holiday?''- said the doctor - The doctor advised ( me to take a holiday)
5) '' No, you really must stay for the night, Sophia''- Ann said
- Ann insisted (that Sophia stay for the night) / had to stay for the night 6) '' Well, in the end I think I'll take the brown pair''- said the customer
- The customer finally.( decided to take the brown pair) 7) '' Give us your key or we'll kill you all'', - said the robbers
- The robbers theatened ( to kill us all if we didn't give them our key)
8) '' Would you mind getting out of the car?'' - the driver said to me.'' I have to change a wheel.''=> The driver asked ( me to get out of the car and explained that he had to change a wheel
9) '' Ok It was my mistake I'm sorry''- Paul said
- Paul admitted (that it was his mistake and apologized) 10)'' Shall I lend you some money?- said Peter
- Peter offered ( to lend me some money) Week 19
Date:
Passive voice A Grammar
* Khi ta không trọng đến chủ thể gây hành động mà để ý đến kết hành động ấy-> dùng dạng bị động
Active Passive
1 Present simple S + V + O 2 Past simple S + V- ed + O
3 Present continuous
S + is/ are/ am + V- ing + O 4 Past continuous
S + were/ was + V- ing + O 5.Present perfect
S + has/ have + PP + O 6 Future & Modal verbs
will/ shall can
may
S + must + V+ O
have to/ has to ought to
be going to used to
*S + is/ am/ are + PP + by + O *S + was/ were + PP + by + O
* S + is/ am/ are + being + PP + by + O * S + was/ were + being +PP + by + O * S + has/ have + been + PP + by + O
* S + will/ shall + be + PP + by + O can
(6)……
* Note: “By” đứng trớc trạng ngữ thời gian đứng dau trạng từ nơi chốn Ex: A car is going to be bought by her mother tomorrow
He was found in the forest by the police B.Exercises
Ex1: Rewrite the sentences in the passive voice: 1.They can’t make tea with cold water
2 Someone has taken some of my books away They will hold the meeting before MayDay They have to repair the engine of the car
5 The boy broke the window and took away some pictures People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday 7.They may use this room for the class
8 The teacher is going to tell a story
9 Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife
10 They have provided the victims with food and clothing 11 People speak English all over the world
12 You must clean the wall before you paint it 13 They told the new student where to sit 14 She was reading a book at am yesterday 15 He used to visit his grandparents at weekend 16 Smoke filled the room
17 Someone will tell him that news 18.John delivers the newspapers everyday 19 He is asking me a lot of questions 20.My friend can answer this question Ex 2: Rewrite the sentences in active.
1.These exercises were done well -> They did these exercises well This dress must be washed in cold water -> They must wash this dress in cold This house was built 100 years ago -> They built that house …
4 These artifical flowers are made of silk -> They make these artificial flowers The lessons are being written by the students now -> The students are writing… The animals at the zoo are fed twice a day -> Someone feeds ………
7 How are candles made? -> How they make candles? It is believed that red is the symbol of luck -> People believe that red …
9 What have been done to help the poor in this city? -> What have they/you done to ….? 10.The house will be built by them next years -> They will build the house … Keys- Ex1:
1 Tea can’t made with cold water 11 English is spoken……
2 Some of books have been taken away 12 The wall must be cleaned… The meeting will be held before May Day 13 The new student was told… The engine of the car has to be repaired 14 A book was being read… The … was broken … some pictures were 15 His grandparents used to be A lot of money is spent on… 16 The room was filled…
(7)10 The victims have been provided with 20 This question can be answered Week 20
Date:
Would rather/ Prefer/ Have sth done/
As if/ It's time/ Used to/ Had better/ Suggest
1) Had better sth/ not sth.ex You'd better go there alone.( Bạn nên tới mình) 2) Used to sth( Thờng làm khứ)
Be( Get) used to doing sth ( Quen với việc làm gì)
3) Prefer to / doing sth( ThÝch lµm g×- ChØ së thÝch nãi chung) * Prefer sth to sth:( Thích gì)
* Prefer doing sth to doing sth:( Thích làm việc làm việc gì) * Would prefer to sth:( Muốn làm gì)
* Would prefer sb to sth/ not to sth.( Muốn làm gì) 4) Would rather
* Would rather sth than sth:( Thích làm làm gì) * Would rather sth/ not sth( Muốn/ không muốn làm gì)
* would rather sb did sth/ didn't sth( Muốn/ không muốn làm gì- Trái với thực tế ë hiƯn t¹i)
5) It's time
(8)