An investigation in translating english passive constructions into vietnamese and teaching implications a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY – HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES AN INVESTIGATION IN TRANSLATING ENGLISH PASSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS INTO VIETNAMESE AND TEACHING IMPLICATIONS A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS (TESOL) Submitted by NGUYỄN THỊ MỸ HÀ Supervisor Associate Professor - Dr ĐINH ĐIỀN HO CHI MINH CITY – 2010 i CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALLY I certify that MY AUTHORSHIP OF THE Master’s Thesis submitted today entitled TRANSLATING ENGLISH PASSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS INTO VIETNAMESE AND PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS In the term of the statements requirements for thesis in Master’s Programs issued by the Higher Degree Committee This thesis has not been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma in any other institution Ho Chi Minh City, 2010 Nguyễn Thị Mỹ Hà ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor, Associate Professor - Dr Đinh Điền, Lecturer of the Department of Computing Science – HCMC University of Natural Sciences His helpful guidance, suggestions, comments and support is indispensable for the accomplishment of this study I would like to send my special thanks to MA Nguyễn Đình Huy, who is a lecturer of English at Binh Duong University and also working part-time as a professional translator and interpreter for his valuable sharing of his translating experience I am also grateful to Mai Tran Thuc Trinh, an IT specialist of Dan Xuan Education communication equipment joint-stock company, for supporting the author to design two computer programs to elicit the corpus for my research I am really thankful to all my colleagues for providing their responses to my questionnaire and taking part in my interviews Last but not least, I would like to send my thanks to my family, especially my mother, my mother-in-law and my husband, who with care and love encourage me to follow through with the work iii ABSTRACT The main focus of the thesis is to obtain a corpus of English passive constructions and their Vietnamese translations from professional and reliable sources to figure out how English passive constructions would be most desirably and appropriately rendered into Vietnamese The ultimate aim is to try to make suggestions as to what to focus on when teaching translating English passive structures into Vietnamese in classrooms so as to be both faithful to the message and as natural-sounding as possible The research is conducted using the qualitative and quantitative methods The author uses computer programs to get the corpus sample including 1642 English passive sentences and Vienamese translations assumed representative enough to investigate how English passive are most frequently translated into Vietnamese In this study, these English passive sentences with agents and ones without agents, causative forms are focused to investigate Moreover, in order to get an insight into what stakeholders – students and teachers of translation – think of and deal with translating English passive structures, two questionnaires are designed and issued to 10 English-majored classes and teachers who are teaching English Also, the author thinks it advisable to interview teachers currently in charge of teaching translation at various schools in Ho Chi Minh City because their comments can undoubtedly reflect best how English passive constructions are handled in translation Finally, the paper hopes to serve as a reference work for other related studies and makes recommendations for translating English passive structures into Vietnamese both in classrooms and in the larger society as well iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Certificate of originality……………………………………………………… i Acknowledgements………………………………………………………… ii Abstract……………………………………………………………………… iii Table of contents…………………………………………………………… iv List of figures ……………………………………………………………… viii List of abbreviation ………………………………………………………… ix Retention and use of the thesis……………………………………………… x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION…………………………………………… 1.1 Background and rationale of the study…………………………… 1.2 Significance of the study………………………………………… 1.3 Purpose of the study……………………………………………… 1.4 Limitations of the study………………………………………… 1.5 Organization of the remainder of the study……………………… CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………… 2.1 Translation……………………………………………………… 2.1.1 Definition and research on translation………………… 2.1.2 Translation theory and methodology…………………… 2.2 English passive constructions…………………………………… 10 2.2.1 English Passive verb forms……………………………… 10 2.2.2 The use of English passive……………………………… 2.3 Research on Vietnamese passive constructions………………… 14 16 2.4 Research on translating English passive constructions into Vietnamese……………………………………………………… 19 2.5 Corpus, corpus linguistics, corpus-based research and applications 22 2.5.1 Corpus…………………………………………………… 22 2.5.2 Corpus linguistics……………………………………… 24 v 2.5.3 Corpus-based approach ………………………………… 25 2.5.4 Corpus in cross-linguistics research and applications…… 25 2.6 A view of teaching translation…………………………………… 27 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY ………………………………………… 29 3.1 Research questions……………………………………………… 29 3.2 Research design…………………………………………………… 29 3.2.1 Subjects………………………………………………… 29 3.2.2 Instruments……………………………………………… 32 3.2.2.1 The computer program of scanning for EPCs and corresponding Vietnamese sentences…………………………… 32 3.2.2.2 The computer program of joining English files and Vietnamese files…………………………………… 34 3.2.2.3 Questionnaires for students…………………… 36 3.2.2.4 Questionnaire for teachers…………………… 37 3.2.2.5 Interviews……………………………………… 38 3.2.3 Materials………………………………………… 38 3.2.4 Data collection procedure……………………… 39 CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALASIS AND FINDINGS……………………… 41 4.1 Results and Discussion…………………………………………… 41 4.1.1 The result from the questionnaire for students about the importance and necessity of teaching grammar in general, English passive constructions in particular in translation classes …………… 41 4.1.2 Corpus of English passive Constructions and Vietnamese translation…………………………………………………………… 49 4.1.3 The result from the questionnaire for teachers and students about the perception and assessment of corpus of translating English passive constructions into Vietnamese……………………… 54 4.1.4 The result from teachers’ interviews in teaching translation and accessing their students……………………………… vi 56 4.2 Translating English passive constructions into Vietnamese in the corpus of the study… ……………………………………………………… 4.2.1 English passive sentence with agent…………………… 58 58 4.2.1.1 Agents of EPCs are themes in Vietnamese sentences……………………………………………………… 58 4.2.1.2 Agents of EPCs are rhemes in Vietnamese sentences……………………………………………………… 64 4.2.2 English passive sentences without agent……………… 69 4.2.2.1 Subjects of EPCs are themes in Vietnamese sentence……………………………………………………… 69 4.2.2.2 Subjects of EPCs are rhemes in Vietnamese sentence……………………………………………………… 72 4.3 Passive with have and get ……………………………………… 74 4.4 Teaching implications…………………………………………… 76 CHAPTER 5: SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS …………………… 78 5.1 Suggestions……………………………………………………… 78 5.1.1Suggestions for further research………………………… 78 5.1.2 Suggestion for tasks of teaching……………………… 79 5.2 Conclusions……………………………………………………… 80 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………… 82 APPENDICES……………………………………………………………… 89 Appendix 1…………………………………………………………………… 89 Appendix 2…………………………………………………………………… 92 Appendix 3…………………………………………………………………… 99 Appendix 4…………………………………………………………………… 106 Appendix 5…………………………………………………………………… 107 Appendix 6…………………………………………………………………… 111 Appendix 7…………………………………………………………………… 121 Appendix 8…………………………………………………………………… 124 vii Appendix 9…………………………………………………………………… 134 viii LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure Students’ background information (for questionnaire 1) 30 Figure Teachers’ background information (for teachers’ questionnaire) 31 Figure Students’ background information (for questionnaire 2) 31 Figure Teachers’ background information (in teachers’ interview) 32 Figure Students’ self-assessment of translation 41 Figure Importance of EPCs in teaching and learning EG 42 Figure Points of difficulties as translating EPCs into Vietnamese 43 Figure Percentage of the difficulty as translating EPCs into Vietnamese 44 Figure Ways for students’ consulting as having problems in translating 45 Figure 10 Percentage of students’ using EVGB 46 Figure 11 Percentage of using English and Vietnamese in teaching English 46 grammar at high schools Figure 12 Expectation from translation teachers 47 Figure 13 Necessity of revising ECs in general, EPCs in particular 48 Figure 14 Number of the English passive sentences in the corpus of the study 49 Figure 15 Frequency of using bị, as translating EPCs into Vietnamese 50 Figure 16 Frequency of changing EPCs into Active as translating into 51 Vietnamese Figure 17 Frequency of English passive sentences with agent 52 Figure 18 Translation ways of EPCs with agent 53 Figure 19 Frequency of the selected verbs from the corpus of this study 54 Figure 20 Teachers’ assessment and perception of the selected EPCs and 55 corresponding Vietnamese sentences Figure 21 Students’ assessment and perception of the selected EPCs and corresponding Vietnamese sentences ix 56 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS EG = English Grammar EPC = English passive construction EPCs = English passive constructions EVC = English – Vietnamese corpus EVD = English – Vietnamese dictionary EVGB = English – Vietnamese Grammar Book VED = Vietnamese – English dictionary VPC = Vietnamese passive construction VPCs = Vietnamese passive constructions EVGB = English – Vietnamese Grammar Book DTS = Descriptive translation studies TD = Translation Description ThTS = Theorical translation Studies TTh = Translation theory ACAD = Academic prose CONV = Conversation CL = Contrastive linguistics TS = Translation Studies x 809 Shortly after this, Fleur decided to imitate Celestina singing "A Cauldron Full of Hot, Strong Love," which was taken by everyone, once they had glimpsed Mrs Weasley's expression, to be the cue to go to bed Ngay sau câu nói này, Fleur định nhái Celestina hát “Một Vạc Đầy Tình Ái Sốt Dẻo”, người coi tín hiệu “giờ lên giường điểm” sai liếc thấy vẻ mặt bà Weasley 935 Cheered by this thought, Harry skimmed through his copy of Advanced Potion-Making and found a heavily corrected Half-Blood Prince's version of "An Elixir to Induce Euphoria," which seemed not only to meet Slughorn's instructions, but which might (Harry's heart leapt as the thought struck him) put Slughorn into such a good mood that he would be prepared to hand over that memory if Harry could persuade him to taste some Ý nghĩ khiến Harry hồ hởi phấn khởi hẳn lên…làm cho thầy Slughorn có tâm trạng sảng khối để thầy sẵn sàng trao cho Harry ký ức thầy, Harry thuyết phục thầy nếm thử tí… 966 "You are protected, in short, by your ability to love!" said Dumbledore loudly “Tóm lại, khả yêu thương bảo vệ con!” Cụ Dumbledore nói to 10 974 There were alleyways and roads bordered by tetering piles of broken and damaged furniture, stowed away, perhaps, to hide the evidence of mishandled magic, or else hidden by castle-proud house-elves 11 …bị đùn vơ có lẽ để phi tang chứng pháp thuật tồi, bọn gia tinh tự hào tòa lâu đài giấm dúi giấu 12 1204 they were respected with sympathising silence by her husband Chồng cô tôn trọng với im lặng thơng cảm 122 13 1222 What notion of propriety must you have to remain here, after the language which has been held to you by that blackguard? Em hiểu thể diện khơng mà cịn đứng lại sau để người thơ tục nói với thế? 14 1232 But I was summoned back by a piercing shriek Nhưng tiếng kêu thất kéo lại 15 1261 it had spent its whelphood at the Grange, and was given by my father to Mr Hindley Dạo đẻ bên Ấp, ba tơi đem cho ơng Haiđi 16 1366 We were recalled by a scream Một tiếng kêu thét khiến quay lại 17 1461 I have been sent by the company to discuss your itinerary Công ty phái đến để thảo luận lịch trình tham quan ông 18 1462 In the evening, there will be a farewell dinner to be hosted by the General Manager of the Company, Mr Hsu Buổi tối, ông Tô, Tổng giám đốc công ty đãi ông bữa ăn tối tạm biệt 19 1480 Capital and technology intensive farming is being adopted by everyone more than ever Hiện người ta sử dụng vốn công nghệ thâm canh nhiều hết 20 1559 …their existence cannot be denied by the government …chính phủ khơng thể phủ nhận tồn chúng 123 APPENDIX English passive sentences with agents translated word-for-word because of constraints There are different translations of “by” 156 This bus was delayed by engine trouble + Chuyến xe buýt bị hoãn lại trục trặc máy móc 167 Well, I'm not charmed by your ignorance + Ồ, không bị mê điều mà ông lầm tưởng đâu 283 Do you think many people are judged by their appearance? + Bạn có cho nhiều người bị xét đốn qua dáng vẻ bên ngồi họ khơng? 311 This Lama Temple was founded by the Emperor Qian Long in 1744 + Đền Lạt ma sáng lập Hoàng đế Càn Long vào năm 1744 387 I wouldn't like to think human bodies could be controlled by genetic engineering + Tôi không muốn nghĩ thể người kiểm sốt công nghệ gen 436 It was established in Tibet and was characterized by elaborate ritual and a strong hierarchical organization + Đạo lập Tây Tạng bật nghi lễ cầu kỳ tổ chức phân cấp chặt chẽ 445 There are also campsites by the sea which are hidden from the beach by a line of sand dunes, or a thick belt of trees + Cũng có chỗ cắm trại bên bờ biển, ẩn khỏi bãi tắm dãy đụn cát, hay rặng dày 456 In winter and in spring, campers are tempted by the clear skies and dazzling multi-coloured rocks of Arizona, Colorado and New Mexico 124 + Vào mùa đông mùa xuân, người cắm trại bị quyến rũ bầu trời vắt tảng đá nhiều màu chói chang Arizona, Colorado New Mexico 467 I remember seeing a newsreel where window panes had been broken by the sonic booms of military supersonic aircraft, and some people complained of pains in their ears + Tôi nhớ xem phim thời kính cửa sổ bị vỡ tiếng nổ vượt tường âm máy bay quân siêu nhanh, số người than phiền đau tai họ 10 529 But the rest of this story was obscured by the large birdcage standing on top of it Phần lại câu chuyện khơng thể đọc bị lồng chim bự chảng ngồi chình ình mặt báo 11 544 He thought he would be haunted forever by the memory of Sirius prowling its dark musty rooms alone, imprisoned within the place he had wanted so desperately to leave Nó nghĩ bị ám ảnh mãi ký ức Sirius vơ vẩn phịng mốc meo tăm tối mình, bị cầm tù nơi mà khao khát rời bỏ 12 547 While his will makes it perfectly plain that he wants you to have the house, it is nevertheless possible that some spell or enchantment has been set upon the place to ensure that it cannot be owned by anyone other than a pureblood." …, dù có số thần hay bùa ểm ếm lên tòa nhà để bảo đảm khơng thể bị sở hữu không huyết thống 125 13 559 "We not want to be encumbered by these just now," he said, pulling out his wand again “Lúc khơng muốn bị vướng víu thứ này.”… 14 584 Harry and Dumbledore approached the back door of the Burrow, which was surrounded by the familiar litter of old Wellington boots and rusty cauldrons; …tiến đến gần cửa sau Hang Sói, chung quanh vương vãi thứ đồ vứt thân quen ủng cũ vạc rỉ; 15 593 Seconds later, or so it seemed to Harry, he was awakened by what sounded like cannon fire as the door burst open …nó bị đánh thức thứ nghe tiếng nổ… 16 621 He moved toward Borgin and was blocked from view by the cabinet Malfoy nhích phía ơng Borgin bị khuất mắt sau tủ 17 664 Harry had expected Ron to be stunned by Malfoys boasts Harry tưởng Ron sửng sốt trước lời khoát lát Malfoys 18 665 Hermione's remonstration was drowned by a loud giggle; Sự phản đối Hermione bị nhấn chìm tiếng cười khúc khích to; 19 763 Seamus was not the only person disgruntled by the choice of Katie’s substitute Seamus người bất bình việc chọn người thay Katie 20 795 The room was crowded and stuffy and bathed in the red light cast by an ornate golden lamp dangling from the center of the ceiling in which real fairies were fluttering, each a brilliant speck of light 126 Căn phịng đơng đúc ngột ngạt tắm đẫm ánh sáng đỏ phát từ đèn vàng trang trí cơng phu thịng xuống từ trần nhà Trên trần nàng tiên thật chấp chới bay, nàng đốm sáng rực rỡ 21 796 a haze of pipe smoke over several elderly warlocks deep in conversation, and a number of house-elves were negotiating their way squeakily through the forest of knees, obscured by the heavy silver platters of food they were bearing, so that they looked like little roving tables Một đám khói thuốc mù mịt lơ lửng đầu nhóm nhiều chiến tướng cao tuổi say sưa bàn luận, số gia tinh léo nhéo xin đường rừng đầu gối, bị che khuất mâm giống bàn di động 22 833 Or was he really worried by what he had heard, but pretending not to be? Hay cụ thực có lo lắng điều vừa nghe lại giả vờ không? 23 834 he still felt angry at the reception his confidences had received, but could not see what was to be gained by arguing further cịn tức tối tiếp nhận dành cho tâm tình tin cậy giải bày, khơng thể thấy chung tiếp tục tranh cãi 24 836 He seemed police, quiet, and thirsty for knowledge Nearly all were most favorably impressed by him." … Gần tất giáo ban có ấn tượng tốt cậu.” 25 850 A little taken aback by the abrupt dismissal, Harry got to his feet quickly Hơi sửng sốt bị đuổi đột ngột, Harry vội vã đứng lên 127 26 854 The snow melted around the school as February arrived, to be replaced by cold, dreary wetness Tuyết tan quanh trường tháng hai đến, thay vào ẩm ướt lạnh lẽo buồn bã 27 868 Then, very slowly, his grin sagged and vanished, to be replaced by an expression of utmost horror Rồi, từ từ, nụ cười xìu xuống biến mất, thay vào vẻ mặt hoảng sợ 28 921 Harrys mind worked feverishly and his dreams, when he finally fell asleep, were broken and disturbed by images of Malfoy, who turned into Slughorn, who turned into Snape Đầu óc Harry làm việc căng thẳng cuối lăn ngủ, giấc chiêm bao bị gián đoạn xáo trộn hình ảnh Malfoy, thằng biến thầy Slughorn, thầy Slughorn lại biến thầy Snape 29 968 They were both satisfyingly impressed by the way he had wheedled the memory out of Slughorn and positively awed when he told them about Voldemort's Horcruxes and Dumbledore's promise to take Harry along, should he find another one Cả Hermione Ron có ấn tượng thỏa thuê cách mà Harry dụ khị để lấy kí ức giáo sư Slughorn, và… 30 971 He gasped Despite his haste, his panic, his fear of what awaited him back in the bathroom, he could not help but be overawed by what he was looking at Nó há hốc miệng Bất chấp chuyện gấp rút, bất chấp hoảng loạn, bất chấp nỗi sợ hãi chờ nhà vệ sinh nam, Harry không thán phục mà ngắm nhìn 128 31 972 He was standing in a room the size of a large cathedral, whose high windows were sending shafts of light down upon what looked like a city with towering walls, built of what Harry knew must be objects hidden by generations of Hogwarts inhabitants Nó đứng phịng có kích thước thánh đường mênh mơng, có cửa sổ cao rọi vệt ánh sáng xuống thứ giống thành phố với tường cao vút, xây dựng thứ mà Harry biết đồ vật giấu hàng hệ cư dân trường Hogwarts 32 990 Harry was shaken from these bitter reflections by the appearance at his side of Jimmy Peakes, who was holding out a scroll of parchment Harry rùng khỏi hồi ức cay đắng xuất Jimmy Peakes bên cạnh nó, nàng cầm cuộn giấy da 33 1074 he had a large bruise on his forehead but seemed otherwise unscathed by his collapse in Snape's office Thầy bị vết bầm to tướng trán dường ngồi khơng bị thương tích cú ngã văn phịng Snape 34 1077 He had no desire at all to see, or be interrogated by, Rufus Scrimgeour tonight Đêm khơng mong muốn gặp, muốn bị chất vấn ông Rufus Scrimgeour chút 35 1080 Some excitement was caused among the younger students, who had never seen it before, when a powder-blue carriage the size of a house, pulled by a dozen giant winged palominos, came soaring out of the sky in the late afternoon before the funeral and landed on the edge of the Forest 129 Vào buổi tối trước đám tang, có chút kích động lên bên đám học trò nhỏ, (là bọn trước chưa chứng kiến), cổ xe ngựa màu xanh dương lợt to cỡ ngơi nhà, tá ngựa vàng có cánh khổng lồ kéo, từ bầu trời bay vút đáp xuống bìa khu rừng Cấm 36 1090 Harry's thoughts were interrupted by a nudge in the ribs from Ginny Ý nghĩa Harry bị đứt đoạn cú thúc vô mạn sườn Ginny 37 1120 I thought her conduct must be prompted by a species of dreary fun Tôi cho ứng xử nàng kiểu đùa tâm trạng u uất 38 1179 Our pleasure was increased by the arrival of the Gimmerton band Sự thích thú bọn tơi tăng ban nhạc Gimmơtơn tới 39 1210 About the middle of the night, I was wakened from my first nap by Mrs Linton gliding into my chamber, taking a seat on my bedside, and pulling me by the hair to rouse me Vào khoảng đêm, bị kéo khỏi giấc mợ Lintơn vào buồng tôi, ngồi xuống bên giường giựt tóc đánh thức tơi 40 1269 The flash of her eyes had been succeeded by a dreamy and melancholy softness Ánh chớp lóe đôi mắt nhường chỗ cho vẻ dịu dàng mơ mộng buồn man mác 41 1290 The doleful silence was broken at length by the sound of the kitchen latch Cuối im lặng sầu thảm bị phá vỡ tiếng then cửa bếp lách cách 42 1297 His forehead, that I once thought so manly, and that I now think so diabolical, was shaded with a heavy cloud; his basilisk eyes were nearly quenched by sleeplessness, and weeping, perhaps, for the lashes were wet 130 Trán – mà có lúc tơi cho mực trượng phu, lại thấy đến ma quái – vẩn lên bóng mây nặng nề; cặp mắt mãng xà tinh tường gần tắt ngấm ngủ có lẽ khóc nhiều nữa, mi lúc ướt 43 1376 At last his cries were choked by a dreadful fit of coughing; Cuối cùng, tiếng kêu cậu nghẹn lại ho khủng khiếp 44 1384 The havoc that months had previously wrought was now emulated by the inroads of hours Cả tháng vừa không tàn phá thể ông ác liệt vài kịch phát lúc 45 1416 But my sleep was marred a second time by a sharp ringing of the bell Nhưng giấc ngủ lại lần thứ hai bị phá rối hồi chuông gay gắt 46 1425 Those books, both prose and verse, are consecrated to me by other associations Những sách đó, văn xuôi lẫn thơ, thiêng liêng liên tưởng khác 47 1430 There was unobstructed admittance on that side also; and at the door sat my old friend nelly dean, sewing and singing a song; which was often interrupted from within by harsh words of scorn and intolerance, uttered in far from musical accents Ở mé đằng này, vào thơng thống, khơng có ngáng trở và, ngồi cửa bà bạn cũ Neli đin vừa khâu vừa hát; hát bị ngắt quãng lời miệt thị nghiệt ngã gay gắt từ phía bên vẳng với âm sắc chẳng du dương chút 48 1439 His emotion was only revealed by the immense sighs he drew 131 Sự xúc động lão lộ tiếng thở dài thườn thượt 49 1443 Then she comprehended that earnshaw took the master's reputation home to himself; and was attached by ties stronger than reason could breakCô hiểu Ơnso tha thiết lưu tâm đến danh ông chủ, gắn bó với ơng ta sợi dây bền mà lý trí khơng phá 50 1447 Catherine insisted on my bringing a chair and sitting with my work under the fir-trees at the end of the house; and she beguiled hareton, who had perfectly recovered from his accident, to dig and arrange her little garden, which was shifted to that corner by the influence of joseph's complaints Cathơrin địi tơi mang ghế đồ khâu ngồi rặng linh sam cuối nhà, cô gạ Heơtơn, khỏi hẳn vết thương, đào xới, thu dọn cho cô mảnh vườn mà khiếu nại Jơdep phải chuyển đến gốc 51 1455 My walk home was lengthened by a diversion in the direction of the kirk Chặng đường trở dài thêm đoạn tạt ngang phía nhà thờ 52 1509 …not a false detente used by some countries … …chứ hòa hoản giả tạo tất quốc gia… 53 1512 Would you care to enlighten me on the stance taken by China on certain international issues… Xin ơng vui lịng nói cho tơi biết rõ lập trường Trung Quốc số vấn đề quốc tế… 54 1568 Attracted by report of great economic opportunities and religious and political freedom, immigrants from many other countries flocked to the United State in increasing number,… 132 Bị hấp dẫn lời đồn hội kinh tế tuyệt vời, 55 1578 Members of Congress, the President, state officials, and those who govern countries and cities are elected by popular vote Nghị sĩ, Tổng thống, quan chức cấp tiểu ban, người cầm quyền hạt thành phố bầu từ hệ thống bầu cử phổ thông 56 1585 The Constitution divides the powers of the government into three branches – the Executive, headed by the President;…; and the Judicial, which is headed by the Supreme Court Hiến pháp chia quyền lực phủ thành ba ngành – Cơ quan hành pháp, đứng đầu Tổng thống;…; Cơ quan tư pháp, đứng đầu Tòa án tối cao 57 1599 The brokers are paid commissions by the buyer and the sellers for executing the orders Những nhà môi giới nhận tiền hoa hồng từ người mua người bán thực đơn đặt hàng 133 APPENDIX English passive sentences without agents translated as follows: English passive sentence S V Vietnamese translation S (bị/ được/-) V 594 Sitting bolt upright, he heard the rasp of the curtains being pulled back: Ngồi bật dậy, nghe sồn soạt tiếng bị kéo ra: 596 As she swept over the threshold toward him, Mrs Weasley was revealed, bobbing along in her wake, looking rather cross …, bà Weasley ra,… 597 "Yes, well, your father and I were made for each other, what was the point in waiting?" …ba tụi bay với má tạo nhau… 598 "I think her powers must have been affected by shock, or something." “Mình nghĩ sức mạnh cô bị chấn thương, hay bị sao đó.” 600 Fleur's words were drowned in a scream Lời nói Fleur chìm lỉm tiếng rú 618 "Our feet'Il be seen!" “Coi chừng chân tụi bị thấy!” 625 He's been branded with the Dark Mark." Nó xâm Dấu hiệu Hắc ám 629 "You see, when Lucius Malfoy was arrested, we raided his house …, Lucius Malfoy bị bắt,… 630 Harry waved until the train had turned a corner and Mr and Mrs Weasley were lost to view, then turned to see where the others had got to …và ông bà Weasley khuất dạng,… 10 651 Security's been tightened a hundredfold this summer." Hè an ninh tăng gấp trăm lần 11 652 Then she was covered in darkness once more Rồi lại khuất chìm bóng tối lần 134 12 656 "You're covered in blood!" “Mặt bồ bê bết máu!” 13 701 "And we're supposed to be practicing that Aguamenti Charm from Flitwick! “Và tụi cịn phải thực tập bùa Rót nước thầy Flitwick! 14 712 "This detentions already been postponed once; “Vụ cấm túc bị hoãn lần; 15 713 "I doubt you'll be alone, Ginny'll probably be invited," “Mình bồ khơng bị lẻ loi đâu Ginny có lẽ mời,” 16 715 "We were all searched when we arrived, weren't we?" “Tất bị lục soát đến trường, không?” 17 739 Merope was left alone in London, expecting the baby who would one day become Lord Voldemort." Merope bị bỏ lại London,… 18 749 His face was transfigured: Mặt biến đổi: 19 750 And sure enough, a faint rattling could be heard from inside it Và nhiên, nghe tiếng lục cục yếu ớt vang lên bên tủ 20 754 Then the handshake was broken; Rồi hai bàn tay rời nhau; 21 803 Already you are suspected of having a hand in it." Trị bị nghi ngờ có nhúng tay vào vụ 22 884 I thought they were being watched now anyway?" Với lại nghĩ hành lang canh gác mà?” 23 908 "By the time Hokey was convicted, Hepzibah's family had realized that two of her greatest treasures were missing “Khi Hokey bị kết án rồi, gia đình bà Hepzibah nhận hai số cải quí bà biến 24 932 "I was asked to give you this." 135 “Tôi sai đưa cho bạn này.” 25 1063 All seemed quiet Every secret passageway out of the school was covered Tất im ắng ngõ bí mật khỏi trường bảo vệ 26 1319 Phoenix is shut in there Phượng Hồng nhốt 27 1321 I was never hired to serve you Tôi mướn để hầu hạ cô 28 1326 After tea was finished,… Sau bữa trà,… 29 1331 It is not so buried in trees Nó khơng um tùm cối 30 1594 Traditionally, the system has been referred to as a “market economy” Theo truyền thống, hệ thống xem “nền kinh tế thị trường” 31 1600 How are stocks bought and sold? Cổ phiếu mua bán nào? 32 1625 The attitude toward manual labour is seen in many aspects of American life Thái độ lao động chân tay thấy nhiều khía cạnh đời sống Mỹ 33 1626 One is invited to dinner at the home of a middle-aged couple Có người mời đến dùng bữa tối nhà cặp vợ chồng trung niên 34 1627 Many articles in popular magazines are devoted to instruction in gardening, carpentry, upholstering, and interior decorating Nhiều viết tạp chí phổ biến dành để hướng dẫn làm vườn, làm mộc, bọc ghế, trang trí nội thất 35 1631 Contracts are viewed in this light… Các hợp đồng xem xét theo nghĩa này… 136 ... generalizing the English passive constructions and the translation of the construction into Vietnamese, and suggesting some translation tasks of practicing translating English passive sentences into Vietnamese. .. translation and research on translation Translation has been defined in various ways Translation is most simply understood as action of translating from one language to another language In fact, translation... Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics sees translation as ? ?the process of changing speech or writing from one language (the SOURCE LANGUAGE) into another (the TARGET LANGUAGE), or the target-language