The water resources mangement in cong river basin thai nguyen province using gis and staellite image

Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry ADVANCED EDUCATION PROGRAM BACHELOR THESIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT MAJOR Research Proposal: THE WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN CONG RIVER BASIN, THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE USING GIS AND STAELLITE IMAGE HOANG VAN THANH K42AEP Supervisor: MSC Nguyen Van Hieu THAI NGUYEN 15th January, 2015 ABSTRACT Water resource management is a very important issue from several angles such as development of water bodies for future, protection of available water bodies from pollution and over exploitation and to prevent disputes A paramount issue is water-its availability, quality and management Extensive hydrological information is necessary to develop water resources and protect them The study using remote sensing technology and GIS for water resource management Study was carried out according to the following The first secondary data collection include, Landsat ITR image, digital elevation model DEM and some of maps related and then using inheriting method to give a comprehensive view of all aspects of the issues rose in the research After that topographical data processing and identification of sub-basin in Cong river basin using arc hydro tool in GIS After that overlay classification by remote sensing technology and GIS created land cover change maps in period 2000 and 2013 Finally, determining runoff coefficient and assessment of land cover change to the runoff coefficient Results identified 18 sub-basins and build land cover map in 2000 and 2013 with types of land use, from which evaluated the change of runoff coefficients and relationships between runoff coefficient and forest area change ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wishes to express my sincere gratitude to advisors, Msc.Nguyen Van Hieu – vice director in “Center for foreign language and applied informatics” for their advices, valuable suggestion and guidances Who help me a lot during the internship time Without their assistance and dedicated involvement in every step throughout the process, this study would have never been accomplished I wants to express his sincere from the bottom of his heart for my friends for their supports, encourages and advices I also want to express my intrinsic understanding my Family members for their unconditional loves Sincerely thank! Thai Nguyen, January 9, 2015 Student Hoang Van Thanh I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 The purpose 1.3 The requirement 1.4 Significance of the study 1.4.1 Scientific significance 1.4.2 The significance in reality 1.5 Limitation II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Legal basis 2.2 Theoretical basis 2.2.1 Water resource a) Surface water b) Sub-surface 2.2.2 River basin 2.2.3 Land cover 2.2.4 Geographic Information System a) Definition of GIS d) GIS application 11 2.2.5 2.3 Remote sensing (RS) 12 Practical basis 14 2.3.1 The research in the world 14 2.3.2 The research in Viet Nam 16 III THE CONTENTS AND RESEARCH METHODS 19 3.1 The objects and scope of research 19 3.1.1 The objects of research 19 3.1.2 The scope 19 3.3 The methodology 19 3.3.1 Data collection methods 19 3.3.2 Inherited Methods 20 3.3.3 Topographical data processing and identification of sub-basin in Cong river basin 20 3.3.4 Classification overlay by Remote Sensing Technology and GIS 21 3.3.5 Determining the runoff coefficient 22 3.3.6 Effecting of land cover change on the runoff coefficient 22 IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION 24 4.1 General of natural conditions of Cong river basin 24 4.1.1 Geographical location 24 4.1.2 The administrative division 25 4.1.3 Climate - Hydrology 25 4.1.4 Topographic conditions 28 4.1.5 Natural Resources 29 4.3 The socio-economic development of Cong river basin 31 4.3.1 Population and labor force 31 4.3.2 Economic 32 4.3.3 Infrastructure 33 4.3.4 Education and training 34 4.3.5 Health 35 4.3.6 Post and telecommunications 36 4.4 Determining sub watershed (sub basin) using GIS 37 4.4.1 Land cover classification using remote sensing technology and GIS 38 4.5 Land cover change in period 2000-2013 in Cong river basin 40 4.6 The status of land cover in period 2000-2013 in Cong river basin 40 4.7 Forest area change in period 2000-2013 in Cong river basin 43 4.8 Runoff coefficient changes in Cong river basin 46 V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 49 5.1 Conclusion 49 5.2 Recommendation 49 VI REFERENCES 51 6.1 Article in collective work 51 6.2 Internet resources 52 LIST OF ACRONYMS GIS : Geographic information systems DEM : Digital elevation model RS : Remote Sensing LIDAR : Light detection and ranging SRTM : Shuttle Radar Topography Mission ILWIS : Integrated Land and Water Information System LIST OF TABLE Table 4.1: The unit administration of Cong river basin Error! Bookmark not defined Table 4.2: Population density in 2010 in Cong river basin Error! Bookmark not defined Table 4.3: Statistics of economic activity period 2000 to 2010Error! Bookmark not defined Table 4.4: Statistics education period from 2000 to 2010 Error! Bookmark not defined Table 4.5: Education statistics in Cong river basin in 2000Error! Bookmark not defined Table 4.6: Health Statistics during period 2000- 2010 Error! Bookmark not defined Table 4.7: The sub-basin in Cong river basin Error! Bookmark not defined Table 4.8: Symbol types of soil according to USGS code Error! Bookmark not defined Table 4.9:The status of land use map in 2000 Error! Bookmark not defined Table 4.10: The status of land cover map in 2013 Error! Bookmark not defined Table 4.11: Forest area change in period 2000-2013 Error! Bookmark not defined Table 12: Annual runoff coefficient in each sub-basin Error! Bookmark not defined LIST OF FIGURE Figure 3.1: Determined sub watershed using GIS Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 3.2: Classification overlay Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 3.3: Runoff coefficient Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.1: Cong river basin location on Vietnam map Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.2: Average annual temperatures in Cong river basinError! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.3: Total annual hours of sunshine in Cong river basinError! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.4: Average annual rainfall in Cong river basin Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.5: The average humidity of the years in Cong river basinError! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.6: The structure of Land use in Cong river basin Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.7: The structure of the economics in Cong river basinError! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.8: Health Statistics in period 2000- 2013 Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.9: Sub basin in Cong river basin Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.10: Image classification Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.11: Training Sample Manager Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.12: The Land cover map in 2013 Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.13: The Land cover map in 2000 Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.14: The status of land cover map in 2000 Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.15: The status of land cover map in 2013 Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.16: The status of land cover in period 2000-2013Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.17: Forest area change map in 2000 Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.18: Forest area change map in 2013 Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.19: Forest area change in period 2000-2013 Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.20: Runoff coefficient in 2000 Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.21: Runoff coefficient in 2013 Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.2: Runoff coefficient in period 2000-2013 Error! Bookmark not defined 2716.72 3.51 5557.64 7.18 10 2195.88 2.84 11 3107.08 4.01 12 2989.76 3.86 13 5263.84 6.80 14 5598.64 7.23 15 4359.6 5.63 16 10835.1 13.99 17 4825.96 6.23 18 449.84 0.58 Total 77452.86 100 Cong river basin includes 18 sub-basins with total area of 77452.86 hectares, in which sub-basin 16 is largest with 10835.1ha accounted for 13.99% Sub-basin 18 has the smallest area 449.84ha% accounted 0.58% 4.4.1 Land cover classification using remote sensing technology and GIS There are two primary ways to classify a multi-band raster image; supervised and unsupervised classification In this study, explain how to use the Landsat image services with supervised classification method to create a land cover map To start, click on the icon (add data), which Figure 4.10: Image classification has Landsat image 2000 and 2013 service (4, 3, band combination) and a border Cong River Basin polygon already added to the Table of Contents 38 After enabling the Spatial Analyst extension, you Classification can toolbar add to the your Image ArcMap interface (you will need a Spatial Analyst license to use the toolbar) On this toolbar, to the right of the Layer drop down box is the Training Sample Manager icon When you click this, it opens the Training Sample Manager (figure 4.11) Figure 4.11: Training Sample Manager This is the mechanism for managing training samples to edit the class names or values, merge and split classes, delete classes, change display colors, load and save training samples, evaluate training samples, and create signature files And finally select Interactive supervised Classification on the tool bar, when the process completed we get the following results Figure 4.12: Land cover map in 2000 Figure 4.13: Land cover map in 2013 39 4.5 Land cover change in period 2000-2013 in Cong river basin Using survey data collected with methods of GIS research, determined the Basin area, the spatial location of the position change of land cover in period 2000 - 2013 Assessment land cover with the type of land cover according to the encoding of the USGS, and using ArcGIS edited land cover maps of 2000 and 2013 Table 4.8: Symbol types of soil according to USGS code No Symbol Name RICE Rice ORCD Orchard URMD Residential-Medium Density WATR Water RNGB Range-6Brush CORN Corn FRST Forest 4.6 The status of land cover in period 2000-2013 in Cong river basin Land cover in this study were classified into land groups: land for rice cultivation, perennial crop land, commercial housing land, land surface water, bare land, annual crop land, grass land Table 4.9: The status of land use in 2000 2000 No Type of Land Use Symbol Areas (ha) % Rice RICE 732.2352 0.94 Orchard ORCD 37933 48.86 Residential-Medium Density URMD 6076 7.83 40 Water WATR 17033 21.94 Range-6Brush RNGB 898 1.16 Corn CORN 11678 15.04 Forest FRST 3283 4.23 77633.24 100 Sum Area and structure of the soil in 2000 in Cong River Basin are shown in the table We see major land group is the perennial crop land, with a total area of 732.2352 (48.86% of the total Basin area) Land surface water with total area 17033 (21.94% of the total basin area) Bare land with total area 898 (1.16%) Annual crop land area is 11687 (15.4%) Commercial housing land is 6076 (7.83 %) Forest land is 3283 (4.23%) Land for rice cultivation is 1,999 (0.94% of the total Figure 4.14: The status of land cover map in 2000 Basin area) The type of land cover distributed throughout the Basin, in which can see the land for agricultural production including land for rice cultivation, annual crop land concentrate along both sides of the Basin, non-agricultural land (commercial housing land) also focuses on both sides of the basin, especially in Coc lake area, this position is quite favorable for agricultural development as well as trade and tourism in the Basin Encapsulating the entire Basin is forest system with an important role in the protection of water resources, air conditioning and improved hydrology of Basin 41 Table 4.10: The status of land cover in 2013 in Cong river basin 2013 No Type of Land Use Symbol Areas (ha) % Rice RICE 1334.84 1.72 Orchard ORCD 36674.53 47.24 Residential-Medium Density URMD 7652.56 9.86 Water WATR 14096.63 18.16 Range-6Brush RNGB 614.80 0.79 Corn CORN 13701.86 17.65 Forest FRST 3557.65 4.58 77633.24 100 Sum Land cover in the year 2013 change markedly, in which we see the development of urbanization has brought about the rise covers an area of nonagricultural land (Commercial housing land) from 6076 in 2000 increased to 7652 in 2013 (9.86% of the basin area) At the same time we recognize the significant reduction in land surface water area, from 17033 in 2000 decreased 14096 (18.16% of the total area Basin) The area of rice cultivation increased to 1334 (1.72%) Annual crop land from Figure 4.15: The status of land cover map in 2013 11678 in 2000 increased to 13701 (17.65%) of the total Basin area Perennial crop land decreased 36674 (47.24%) 42 Forest land area from 3283 in 2000 increased to 3557 in 2010 (4.58%) Bare land Areas (ha) decreased 614 in 2013 (0.79% of the Basin area) 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 2000 2013 RICE ORCD URMD WATR RNGB CORN FRST Symbol Figure 4.16: The status of land cover in period 2000-2013 4.7 Forest area change in period 2000-2013 in Cong river basin Land use change has brought economic value and high society, changing the face of urban and rural areas However the land cover change also impacts negatively on the economic and social development, environment and natural resources, including major impact on the water resources of the Cong river Basin In the recent years, nonagricultural land tends to increase, due to the economic development and social expansion of the production area, construction of houses, commercial etc will be the impact on the bare land area and forest land area Table Forest area change in period 2000-2013 2000 Subbasin Areas (ha) 2013 % Areas (ha) Changing % Areas (ha) % 2280.00 6.01 2270.21 6.18 9.79 0.43 2583.70 6.81 2983.65 8.12 399.95 15.48 43 1016.73 2.68 1077.57 2.93 60.84 5.98 3659.69 9.65 3570.45 9.71 89.24 2.44 1092.69 2.88 1123.93 3.06 31.24 2.86 3921.39 10.34 3674.74 10.00 246.65 6.29 826.20 2.18 457.86 1.25 368.34 44.58 1975.53 5.21 1721.60 4.68 253.93 12.85 1635.23 4.31 1222.99 3.33 412.24 25.21 10 1334.93 3.52 1288.44 3.50 46.49 3.48 11 1891.25 4.99 1791.62 4.87 99.63 5.27 12 432.80 1.14 820.06 2.23 387.26 9.48 13 3585.06 9.45 3503.21 9.53 81.85 2.28 14 4040.28 10.65 4033.89 10.97 6.39 0.16 15 2453.24 6.47 2468.60 6.72 15.36 0.63 16 3815.43 10.06 3493.41 9.50 322.02 8.44 17 1359.05 3.58 1234.06 3.36 124.99 9.20 18 24.65 0.06 24.92 0.07 0.27 1.10 36761.22 100.00 2956.47 Sum 37927.86 100.00 The major loss of forest area occurred during 2000-2013, with total area declining from 37927.86 in 2000 to 36761.22 in 2013 The forest area loss about 3000 ha, movements in the forest area under each sub-basin of the Cong river basin shown in the table, changes in forest area in the period 200-1013 drastic changes, each sub basin ranged from 0.2% to 45% 44 Areas (ha) 5000 4000 3000 2000 2000 2013 1000 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Sub basin Figure 4.19: Forest area change in period 2000-2013 Hình 4.18: Forest area change in 2013 Hình 4.17: Forest area change in 2000 Land area is expanding production primarily in Dai Tu district and Nui Coc Lake Sub-basin biggest change is the sub-basin area from 826.20 (2000) to 457.86 (2010) accounting for almost 368.34 (44.58%) loss The sub-basin change at least is the sub-basin 14 from 4040.28 to 4033.89 decline 10.97 (0.16%) The remaining sub-basin has forest area change from 0.4% to 25% 45 4.8 Runoff coefficient changes in Cong river basin The runoff coefficient, which indicated water release unit in each watershed, was calculated from the ratio of runoff and rainfall The runoff coefficient had been calculated by annual rainfall and runoff data Showing the relationship between Forest area change and runoff coefficient in Cong River basin, the runoff coefficient was shown in (Table 4.12.) Table 4.12: Annual runoff coefficient in each sub-basin Sub-basin Runoff coefficient Runoff 2000 coefficient 2013 Changing Changing (%) 0.007789 0.008737 0.001 12.17 0.006873 0.006648 0.000 3.27 0.017466 0.018406 0.001 5.38 0.004852 0.005555 0.001 14.49 0.016252 0.017647 0.001 8.58 0.004529 0.005397 0.001 19.17 0.021494 0.043319 0.022 101.54 0.008989 0.011521 0.003 28.17 0.01086 0.016218 0.005 49.34 10 0.013303 0.015394 0.002 15.72 11 0.00939 0.01107 0.002 17.89 12 0.041031 0.024186 0.017 41.05 13 0.004953 0.005662 0.001 14.31 14 0.004395 0.004917 0.001 11.88 15 0.007239 0.008035 0.001 11.00 16 0.004654 0.005678 0.001 22.00 17 0.013067 0.016072 0.003 23.00 18 0.720417 0.79591 0.075 10.48 46 According to Table 4.12, we can see the runoff coefficient in the basin have changing over time and space in the period 2000 - 2013 between sub-basins Each sub-basin has a different runoff coefficient, in this study rainfall and runoff volume of the entire basin has not significantly changed, therefore the main cause of changing the runoff coefficient is mainly forest area change with each sub-basin over the years Figure 4.21: Runoff coefficient in 2013 Figure 4.20: Runoff coefficient in 2000 In the year 2000 runoff coefficient basin from 0.004 to 0.72, in which is the lowest in sub-basin 14 reached 0.004, the highest in sub-basin 18 reached 0.72, the average Cong river basin in 2000 reached 0.056 In 2010 the runoff coefficients in the basin from 0.004 to 0.79, the highest in sub-basin 18 reached 0.79, the lowest in subbasin 14 reaches 0.004, the average Cong river basin in 2013 reached 0.051 The data showed that in the period 2000-2013 the average runoff coefficient no significant change 47 Runoff Coefficient 0,8 0,6 2000 0,4 2013 0,2 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Sub basin Figure 4.22: Runoff coefficient during period 2000-2013 in Cong river basin The runoff coefficient increases have intimate relationships with rate decreases forest area change in the basin The forest area decreased that mean the runoff coefficient increases In other words, the percentage of the forest area changes in basin proportional to the percentage variation runoff coefficient in basin Example in Figure 4.17 sub-basin 18 the high runoff coefficient was 0.72 in 2000 and 0.79 in 2013 which means that the rate of forest area in this sub-basin very small, we have seen it over the table 4.11 with the forest area in 2000 was 24.65 (0.06% of the total area) and 24.92 (0.07% of the total area) in 2013 48 V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 5.1 Conclusion Determined sub-basin using GIS is the basic steps to help divide the basin into sub-basins received results of 18 sub-basins with a total area 77452.86 In which subbasin 16 is largest 10835 and sub-basin 18 is smallest 10835.1 Results land cover classification into types of land use: land for rice cultivation, perennial crop land, commercial housing land, land surface water, bare land, annual crop land, grass land Showed us the distribution of each type of land cover in the basin as well as area of each land cover, from which to help assess the status of land use and the forest area change, results showed that forest area change about 3000 from 2000 to 2013, in which sub-basin significantly change of forest is 368.34 (44.58%) The study concluded that land use change affected runoff volume The changes in forests area influenced the runoff change which can be described by the increase of runoff coefficient from the year 2000 to 2013.Runoff coefficient in the wet season were higher than those in the dry season The deforestation was effected from the growth of the economic in basin which caused the increase in the agriculture area The decreasing forest area in the basin affected the increase of runoff coefficient and decrease of total runoff as shown as an impact chain There is a need to find a balance between developing area and forest area The study can be used as a data to determine the balance of natural resource utilization and socio-economic development in the more sustainable manner in the future for the study area 5.2 Recommendation Although the study has achieved certain results, but due to many reasons, the study is still limited This study using GIS classification land cover and runoff coefficient to determine the relationships between land cover change and runoff volume From research recommended to be further investigated in in-depth studies to create a more complete study for the management of water resources 49 Through research we can see the importance of sustainable forest management, as this is the factor direct bearing on the management of water resources There should be a solution to the conservation and development of forests especially watershed This study provides a relevant background on geographic information systems (GIS), which is useful in understanding its advanced applications in water resources management Some important applications of GIS in water resources are presented such as surface-water hydrology, groundwater hydrology, and water quality So need to have a lot of research application of GIS technology to manage not only water management and a lot of other field 50 VI REFERENCES 6.1 Article in collective work B U.Abdullahi, 2013, Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in Ground Water Mapping in Some Selected Localities in Kebbi State, Nigeria, Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in Ground Water Mapping in Some Selected Localities in Kebbi State, Nigeria Dr.Baqer M Al-Ramandan, May21, 2012 GIS Aplication in Water Resporces Engineering Hoang Thanh Tung, 2006, Study on Mid - term flood forecast for the Ca river basin, tap chi khoa hoc, Dai hoc thuy loi Huynh Thi Minh Hang, 2006, Researching geoinformatics application in SaiGon Dong Nai river basin management - some achivements, Tap tri phat trien KH&PT, tap 9, Moi truong va tai nguyen Jeffry Swingly Frans Sumarauw, 2012, Researching Analysis on Curve Number, Land Use and Land Cover Changes and the Impact to the Peak Flow in the Jobaru River Basin, Japan, International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE-IJENS Vol: 12 No: 02 Nguyen Duy Liem, 2013, Applying GIS Technique and SWAT Model to Assessing Water Discharge in the Đắk Bla Watershed, Tap chi khoa hoc DHQGHN, Cac Khoa hoc Trai dat va Moi Truong, Tap 29, So (2013)1-13 Nguyen Kim Loi, 2011, Assessment of water discharge and sediment and sediment yield in La Manga sub watershed using SWAT, ky yeu hoi thao ung dung GIS Tai Nguyen va Moi Truong nam 2011 Ochir Altansukh, 2012, Tuul River and Its Catchment Area Delineation from Satellite Image, Computational Water,Energy,and Environmental Engineering, 2012, 1, 9-23 51 Pham The Anh, 2013, Assessment of surface water resources in Lam Dong province and recommendations for solutions to management in the direction of sustainable development, Nghien cuu khoa hoc nam 2013 10 Silvio Jorge C Simões, 2013, Interaction between GIS and hydrologic model: A preliminary approach using ArcHydro Framework Data Model, Ambiente & Água - An Interdi ciplinary Journal of Applied Science 11 Stefan Saradeth, 2010, Earth Observation in support of Management of Internationally Shared Groundwater Resources in Africa: the AQUIFER Project, Application of satellite remote sensing to support water resources management in Africa: Results from the TIGER Initiative 12 Zieglera A D., Giambellucaa T W., Tran L T., Vanaa T T., Nulleta M A., Foxd J., Tran D V., Pinthong J., Maxwell J.F.(2004), Evett Steve, Hydrological consequences of landscape fragmentation in mountainous northern Vietnam: evidence of accelerated overland flow generation, Journal of Hydrology, 287, 124–146 6.2 Internet resources 13 By Levi D Brekke, Julie E Kiang, J Rolf Olsen, Roger S Pulwarty, David A Raff, D Phil Turnipseed, Robert S Webb, and Kathleen D White, 2000, Climate Change and Water Resources Management: A Federal Perspective, http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/ 14 Molle, F 2006 Planning and managing water resources at the river-basin level: Emergence and evolution of a concept Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute.38p (IWMI Comprehensive Assessment Research Report, http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/ 15 Vasantha Chase, 2012, Integrated Water Resources Management Planning Approach for Small Island Developing States, UNEP, http://www.unep.org/ 52 ... of basin is relatively complete, 100% of communes in the basin using the national grid Entire Basin are the national grid, including Thai Nguyen Province, Song Cong town and the town has the. .. River industry and other rivers in the province, in which the soil is alluvial silt annually in the Thai Nguyen Province, Song Cong Town, Dai Tu district This is the kind of good land, is mainly... area - Using GIS to determine the Cong river sub -basin - Land cover classification using remote sensing technology and GIS -Mapping the land cover map of the research area - Assessing the runoff