SOUNDS STRESS LI THUYET BAI TAP DAP AN

Ex: bamboo, millionaire, engineer, themselves, saloon, balloon, thirteen, Vietnamese, employee, agree, picturesque, Cartoon, guarantee, kangaroo, typhoon... *Ngoại lệ : 'centigrade , [r]

SOUNDS AND STRESS A PHONETICS - SOUNDS (NGỮ ÂM)

1 SOUNDS

CÁCH PHÁT ÂM "S" CUỐI : trường hợp danh từ số nhiều nhiều động từ số ít. / s / Khi sau phụ âm điếc (voiceless consonants): /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/ ,//,/h/

Ex: laughs, walks, cups, cats, tenths; books

/ iz / Khi sau phụ âm rít : /z/, /s/, /dz/, / t∫/, / ∫ /, /z/ x, z, ch, sh, ce, ge. Hoặc chữ cái: s, Ex: washes , kisses , oranges…

/ z / Không thuộc hai loại Ex: bags , kids , days …

Ngọai lệ: bình thường chữ s phát âm /s/, có ngoại lệ cần nhớ:

- Chữ s đọc /z /sau từ :busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason, preserve, poison

-Chữ s đọc /'∫/ sau từ sugar,sure Exercise:

1 A proofs B books C points D days

2 A asks B breathes C breaths D hopes

3 A sees B sports C pools D trains

4 A tombs B lamps C brakes D invites

5 A books B floors C combs D drums

6 A cats B tapes C rides D cooks

7 A walks B begins C helps D cuts

8 A shoots B grounds C concentrates D forests

9 A helps B laughs C cooks D finds

10 A hours B fathers C dreams D thinks

11 A beds B doors C plays D students

12 A arms B suits C chairs D boards

13 A boxes B classes C potatoes D finishes

14 A relieves B invents C buys D deals

15 A dreams B heals C kills D tasks

16 A resources B stages C preserves D focuses 17 A carriages B whistles C assures D costumes

18 A offers B mounts C pollens D swords

19 A miles B words C accidents D names

20 A sports B households C minds D Plays

 CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI : Đây hình thức Past tensen Past participle: “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d : Ex: wanted; decided “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫, h ,/ chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch : Ex: asked; stopped; laughed

3 “-ed ” pronounced as / d / : Trừ trường hợp : Ex: moved; played; raised

Ngọai lệ: Đi -ed tính từ sau phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked

Exercise:

1 A worked B stopped C forced D wanted

3 A confused B faced C cried D defined

4 A devoted B suggested C provided D wished

5 A catched B crashed C occupied D coughed

6 A agreed B missed C liked D watched

7 A measured B pleased C distinguished D managed

8 A wounded B routed C wasted D risked

9 A imprisoned B pointed C shouted D surrounded

10 A a.failed B reached C absored D solved

11 A invited B attended C celebrated D díplayed

12 A removed B washed C hoped D missed

13 A looked B laughed C moved D.stepped

14 A wanted B.parked C stopped D.watched

15 A laughed B passed C suggested D placed

16 A.believed B prepared C involved D liked

17 A.lifted B lasted C happened D decided

18 A collected B changed C formed D viewed

19 A walked B entertained C reached D looked

20 A.admired B looked C missed D hoped

BÀI TẬP VỀ CÁC NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ CÁC PHỤ ÂM KHÁC:

1 A heat B scream C meat D dead

2 A breakfast B teacher C east D please A thrilling B other C through D something A idea B going C will D trip A face B place C prepared D days A Germany B garden C gate D gas A scholarship B Christ C school D chicken A house B harm C hour D husband A hundred B exhausted C however D heat 10 A head B ready C mean D weather 11 A choir B cheap C child D chair

12 A charge B child C teacher D champagne 13 A reason B clear C mean D each 14 A motion B question C mention D fiction 15 A gather B good C large D again 16 A change B children C machine D church 17 A write B writer C writing D written 18 A share B rare C are D declare 19 A apply B university C identity D early 20 A choice B achieve C each D chemistry 2 STRESS - Một số quy tắc để nhận biết trọng âm:

1/ Trọng âm thường rơi vào tiền tố (prefix) hậu tố (suffix):

ví dụ: dislike, unhappy, uncertain, disappointed, unashamed, forefather * Ngoại lệ: 'foresight , 'forecast , 'unkeep , 'upland , 'surname , 'subway Dưới vài hậu tố không thay đổi dấu nhấn từ gốc

V + ment: ag'ree (thoả thuận) =>ag'reement

V + ance: re'sist (chống cự) =>re'sistance (sự chống cự)

V + er: em'ploy (thuê làm) => em'ployer (chủ lao động)

V + or: in'vent (phát minh) => in'ventor V + ar: beg (van xin) => 'beggar (người ăn xin)

giao hàng)

V + age: pack (đóng gói) => 'package (bưu kiện)

V + ing: under'stand (hiểu) => under'standing

adj + ness: 'bitter (đắng) => 'bitterness (nỗi cay đắng)

2/ Nói chung, trọng âm thường rơi vào nguyên âm kép dài, rơi vào nguyên âm ngắn /∂/ hay /i/

* EX:a'bandon , 'pleasure , a'ttract , co'rrect , per'fect , in'side , 'sorry , 'rather , pro'duct ,  for'get , de'sign , en'joy

3/ Một từ hai vần vừa động từ vừa danh từ thì: Động từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ Danh từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1.

EX: 'rebell(n), re'bell(v), export, import, increase, object, perfect, permit, present, produce, record, refuse

* Ngoại lệ : 'promise (n), (v)

4/ Trọng âm thường rơi vào trước hậu tố (suffixes ) sau vần : -ION, -IC, -IAL , -ICAL, -UAL, -ITY, -IA, -LOGY, -IAN, -IOUS, -EOUS , -IENCE, -IENT, -GRAPHY , -NOMY , -METRY.

EX: 'vision, uni'versity, phy'sician, li'brarian, Ca'nadian, Au'stralian, ex'perience, im'patience, edu'cation, a'bility, elec'tricity, bi'ology, psy'chology, Au'stralia, 'Austria, 'Asia, ge'ography, pho'tography, e'ssential, ha'bitual, me'chanical, mathe'matical, po'litical, de'licious, pho'netics, scien'tific, ge'ometry, a'stronomy

Ngoại Trừ (exceptions): 'lunatic, a'rithmetic, 'politics, 'Arabic, 'television

5) Trọng âm rơi vào vần cuối sau đây: -ADE, -OO, -OON, -EE, -EEN, -EER, -ESE, -AIRE, -SELF, -ETTE, -ESQUE Ex: bamboo, millionaire, engineer, themselves, saloon, balloon, thirteen, Vietnamese, employee, agree, picturesque, Cartoon, guarantee, kangaroo, typhoon

*Ngoại lệ : 'centigrade , 'coffee , co'mmittee , 'cukoo , 'teaspoon… Exercise:

1 a pollute B contractual C reject D marvellous A mechanic B military C apologize D miraculous A compulsory B intensity C kidding D invaluable

4 A nursery B focus C delicate D secure

5 A curriculum B kindergarten C contaminate D conventional A apology B industrial C industry D disaster A interview B certificate C applicant D primary A certificate B apartment C individual D biology A scientific B availlable C suspicious D supportive 10 A especially B comfortably C carefully D possibly 11 A importance B subtraction C algebra D example

12 A aspect B careful C require D successful

13 A terrific B applicant C banking D ignorant 14 A recognize B challenge C symbolize D continue

16 A appalling B ashamed C November D architect 17 A policeman B cinema C overcoat D politics 18 A competition B intelligent C automation D information

19 A accountant B Arabic C Germany D chemistry

20 A Attention B interesting C Influence D television A PHONETICS (NGỮ ÂM)

1. SOUNDS

CÁCH PHÁT ÂM "S" CUỐI

1 D B B A A C B B D 10 D

11 D 12 B 13 C 14 B 15 D 16 C 17 A 18 B 19 C 20 A CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI :

1 D D B D C A C D A 10 B 11 D 12 A 13 C 14 A 15 C 16 D 17 C 18 A 19 B 20 A BÀI TẬP VỀ CÁC NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ CÁC PHỤ ÂM KHÁC :

1 D A 3.B A 5.C 6.A D 8.C 9.B 10.C 11 A 12 D 13 B 14 B 15.C 16.C 17.D 18.C 19 A 20 D 2 STRESS - Một số quy tắc để nhận biết trọng âm