Tài liệu Mastering Revit Architecture 2008_ Part 7 docx

44831.book Page 152 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 44831.book Page 153 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM Chapter Modeling Principles in Revit Creating a BIM model requires modeling in 3D.This is very different from working with abstract 2D lines in order to represent your design To work with Revit and be able to build a BIM model, you need to have an understanding of how objects are constructed at various scales ranging from the building mass down to furniture assemblies You’ll need to know how various building elements interact with each other and depend on each other, what materials they are made of, and how are they constructed and assembled To this end, Revit provides a set of tools that enable you to build your model and all the elements that go into the model Understanding the principles of modeling in the context of Revit will be essential to your success as you move deeper into building information modeling In this chapter you will learn the basic modeling principles that support the design process in Revit: ◆ The underlying concept of Sketch Based design ◆ How Work Planes, Datums, and Reference Planes are used in modeling ◆ Using Revit’s essential form making tools (Extrusion, Sweep, Revolve and Blend) ◆ Combining Solids and Voids to create complex and intriguing forms Modeling with Revit Designers have a long tradition of modeling before building This activity involves the use of pliable and tactile materials such as clay and wood to model designs fluidly With these materials, form can be explored with ease, and designs allowed to iterate directly in our own hands The use of software to model form has become a popular extension of this activity, and you only need to look so far as the latest animated film to see how far the technology has come There are many software modeling tools that allow direct editing and intuitive shaping of form Tools such as Rhinoceros, 3ds Max, Maya, and SketchUp allow you to create free-form shapes with relative ease These tools are great for modeling, but they are not geared for a BIM approach to design and documents The elements created with these modelers are meshes, nurbs, acis solids, and other generic geometrical shapes that are used to represent walls, slabs, roofs, and windows but they not have any embedded intelligence or relationships among themselves or with other elements in the model Further, they barely contain any metadata that can be quantified and analyzed So, as it stands today—you will find great modelers that are not BIM and BIM applications that are not powerful modelers One way that Revit approaches this problem is to allow the import and smart re-use of free-form geometries into the project and family environment Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 44831.book Page 154 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM 154 CHAPTER MODELING PRINCIPLES IN REVIT The entire modeling concept in Revit is based on four base class modeling forms—extrusion, revolution, sweep, and blend—and the combinations that these can produce Each of the four base modeling techniques can produce either a positive or negative shape that can be combined to create more complex forms Each form is derived from 2D sketches that are drawn on Work Planes We’ll explore in more detail what sketch based forms are in the next section While there is clearly room for improvements when it comes to the generic modeling capabilities of Revit, you will be pleasantly surprised with the variety of 3D geometry you can generate in a short amount of time Figure 6.1 shows an example of what’s possible Figure 6.1 Example of expressive architecture using Revit Image courtesy of Architect Kamal Malik Sketch-Based Design All internal modeling techniques in Revit rely on an approach called sketch-based design, where you draw a shape in a special sketch mode by creating 2D lines that then generate 3D forms When you start modeling Revit elements, you are basically starting a sketch: Revit enters a mode in which everything but the sketch itself is grayed out so that the focus is given to the sketch, represented in strong magenta colored lines Once you’ve defined the shape by creating closed loops of lines, you click Finish Sketch, and the geometry is generated This sketch mode is used throughout Revit The Floor and Roof tools both require you to first sketch 2D shapes and then generate the form by “finishing the sketch.” Revit then applies a thickness based on the element type to the sketch Even walls have an underlying sketch but in the case of the walls this is a sketch that can be edited in Elevation, not plan view, as shown in Figure 6.2 To edit the elevation of a wall, select the wall in an Elevation or 3D view and click and click the Edit Elevation Profile button in the Options bar Note that this only applies to linear walls Floors One of the first places you’ll encounter sketch-based modeling is with the Floor and Roof tools When you initiate either of these tools, you are instantly placed in sketch mode The design bar will Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 44831.book Page 155 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM MODELING WITH REVIT change (Figure 6.3), and you’ll get a set of tools specific to the task of creating 2D sketch lines and creating lines with relationships to other model elements Figure 6.2 B D Image Courtesy of E Di Giacommo A C Moorish architectural example: (A) Standard straight rectangle shaped wall, (B) elevation profile of that wall changed to the desired shape using simple lines, (C) wall shape result achieved by simple editing of the sketch in elevation ; (D) the wall used in a building Figure 6.3 The Design bar in sketch mode Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 155 44831.book Page 156 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM 156 CHAPTER MODELING PRINCIPLES IN REVIT For example, you can either draw lines freely, or use the Pick Walls tool to generate the floor or roof sketch lines for you by picking on walls When using the pick walls method, you create an explicit relationship between the sketch and the walls The result is that when walls move, the sketch (and thus the floor or the roof made of it) will adapt and update with the walls The rules for creating a valid sketch are straightforward: ◆ The line sketch has to form a closed loop of lines, and the lines have to be perfectly trimmed at edges You cannot have gaps or overlapping lines in the sketch Whenever a sketch is not complete or has overlaps, you will not be able to finish the shape and Revit will indicate that something is wrong with an error message ◆ When creating certain types of elements, you are allowed to sketch more than one shape within the same sketch—this is OK as long as the two sketches not intersect If the one loop of lines is within the boundaries of the other, that second loop of lines will create a hole in the shape defined by the bigger one (Figure 6.4) Figure 6.4 Creating a closed loop within another closed loop of lines results in an opening If you were to draw another shape within those openings, it would be positive and create another solid piece of floor of the same type The logic of the loops is: one is positive, the next one within it is negative, the next one within it is positive Remember that (Figure 6.5) Figure 6.5 An additional loop of lines results in a positive shape Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 44831.book Page 157 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM MODELING WITH REVIT ◆ To edit a sketch you need to be in a view that is parallel to the sketch, or a 3D view For example, it is not logical to edit the sketch of a wall profile in a plan view as you would not be able to see the sketch in a way that is relevant to edit it If you attempt to this in plan view, Revit will alert you and propose other views in which you CAN execute the task The same goes for a floor—only in plan views or 3D will you be able to edit the sketch ◆ Sketch mode cannot be activated in Perspective (camera) view If you select a wall or any other element and want to edit its shape but cannot find the Edit Shape button in the Options bar, you must be in Camera view Switch to any other view in which the sketch makes sense to edit Work Planes Reference Planes, Reference Lines, Datum Planes, Work Planes…what are they? In order to master modeling techniques in Revit, you will need to understand the concept of Work Planes The Work Plane is nothing more than a 2D plane that is used to sketch on For example, when you are in a plan view and start sketching a floor, the Work Plane is set to the level associated with the plan view you are working in The majority of views in Revit (plans, 3D views, or views set in the Family templates) have predefined Work Planes set automatically when they are created Views such as Sections and Elevations require you to manually pick a Work Plane in order to add 3D elements to those views A Work Plane can be understood as a surface on which you draw something To understand this better, imagine you are holding a marker in your hand and have a space in front of you—can you draw with the marker in the space? No you need a piece of paper, glass, wall, some kind of a surface to draw on So, a Work Plane defines a surface on which you can draw something as a base to build geometry You can define a Work Plane by drawing a Reference Plane, picking a face from an existing element, or use an existing Level (datum) as a reference Let’s look a bit more closely at the types of Work Planes available in Revit: Reference Planes These are 2D planes that exist in 3D space They are not visible in 3D views, but can be seen ”edge on“ in other views (plan, section, elevation) and are represented as green dashed lines These lines are not view-specific and will appear in other perpendicular views such as plans, sections and elevations Even though Reference Planes look and feel like ordinary lines, they not have a ”real“ beginning nor an end They are symbolic representations of infinite planes This means you cannot reference to the beginning or end of a Reference Plane in order to make something like an angular constraint or dimension Reference Planes are the essence of content creation in the Family Editor as they are used to create the parametric skeleton to which geometry is then attached They can also affect how other elements relate to the family by giving the Reference Planes various states A Reference Plane can be set as Not A Reference, Weak, or Strong; and it can be defined as a reference for the Left, Right, Front, Bottom, Back, or Center position The selection of these options is important in the Family Editor environment as they define references for snapping Just to give you an idea, when you have two crossing references that are set as Strong, they will define the insertion point of an element when placing it in the Project environment (as shown in Figure 6.6) In Figure 6.6, the two centrally positioned Strong references define the insertion point of the element The Weak references serve only as secondary snaps In a project, Reference Planes can be used to drive geometry (see Figure 6.7) Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 157 44831.book Page 158 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM 158 CHAPTER MODELING PRINCIPLES IN REVIT Figure 6.6 A working desk Figure 6.7 Reference Planes are used extensively in the family editor to create parametric constraints that can drive forms and define snapping references Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 44831.book Page 159 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM MODELING WITH REVIT Reference Lines These were designed to overcome the limitation of the Reference Planes and their inability to define constraints that reference a point, direction, and angle Unlike with reference Planes, the start and end points of a Reference Line can be referenced and used for dimensioning A popular use of a Reference Line is to define door swing openings by creating an angular relationship between the door leaf position and the closed state of the door leaf Other differences between Reference Lines and Reference Planes are that you cannot name the Reference Lines and you can only select them graphically Reference Lines define two workplanes—one is the plane on which the Reference Line was drawn, and the other is perpendicular to it (see Figure 6.8) Figure 6.8 Reference Lines are used to control door swings and opening angle in families Levels These are horizontal Datum planes that define the levels in a building and can also be used to denote important horizontal references in a building (attic height, etc.) Levels are only created and visible in Section or Elevation views Each level commonly has a corresponding floor plan view associated with it, although it is possible to make levels with no associated floor plan For example, a level may define the Top Of Steel in a building section, but there is no need to have a floor plan view of that level For that case, you can create levels without plans by unchecking the option Make Plan View in the Options bar when the level tool is activated This will create a level that appears black and white, rather than blue—indicating that there is no hyperlinked view Note that when you create new levels using the Copy tool, the newly created level an elevation view, the newly created levels will appear as this black-and white version, as copying levels will not auto-generate new floor plans If you need to convert a level that has no view associated with it to a level with a view associated, use the Floor Plan… tool in the View design tab in the Design bar You will then be able to choose to add a view to any existing Level in the project Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 159 44831.book Page 160 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM 160 CHAPTER MODELING PRINCIPLES IN REVIT When placing elements, they are automatically associated with the Level they are drawn on so that when the level changes position, so will the elements on that level All sketch based families such as floors, roofs, ceilings, and stairs will be associated with at least one level Levels can define both the bottom and top constraints for several elements in Revit, including walls, stairs, and ramps Grids These are vertical planes used as standard references in the construction industry for creating location grids on the site as well as a communication reference between the building participants These construction data are used to accurately define locations for elements such as columns and beams or position of main structural walls or exterior shell You can associate elements with the Grids so that when the grid system changes, it controls the position of the associated elements A good example for that would be columns associated with grid intersections As with a level, when a grid is moved, associated elements move with the grid The creation, graphic representation, and control editing of grids is similar to that of levels (see Figure 6.9) Figure 6.9 Grids are datum planes that can be used to control other elements such as beams and columns Once all the Datum planes in Revit have been defined, they will appear in all views that they intersect Extending Datum Planes If you wish to expand grids or levels to encompass a larger portion of your model, you can use the Context Menu of the grids and select Maximize Extents This will extend the datum planes you have selected to the maximum extents of the model geometry So, if you work on a project in a system of grids, you need only draw the grid system once in a floor plan view, and the grids will be visible in every other plan or ceiling view This may not always be a desired behavior, for example, if your project has a base of floors of shopping with a 30-story hotel above, (like the model shown in Figure 6.8) it’s likely you’ll have separate structural bays for each part of the building You don’t need to see all grid lines of the shopping base in the tower, and vice versa To deal with these scenarios, you can use a Scope Box This will allow you to control in which views a grid will appear Important note: Grid lines will show in Section or Elevation view ONLY if the view is cut perpendicular to the Grid line In no other case will the grid line appear This is done to avoid confusion on construction site due to misleading graphic description Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 44831.book Page 161 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM MODELING WITH REVIT Scope Boxes These are used when you have multiple floor plans where the gridlines aren’t the same for all levels This tool limits the range in which data elements (grid lines, levels, and reference lines) appear In our example of a building with a base and tower, two separate scope boxes are created for each major volume of the building The grids in each part of the building are then assigned to appropriate scope boxes Figure 6.10 shows how scope boxes work in a 3D view Scope boxes are visible in 3D views (although not in camera views), and you can easily manipulate their extent directly using the grip controls Assigning gridlines or other datums to a scope box is easy: Select the gridlines, Select the gridlines and in the Element Properties choose Scope Box and select the scope box where the datums should belong Figure 6.10b shows the Element Properties dialog box for the gridlines and the associated scope box Figure 6.10 (A) This building consists of two main volumes, low volume with shopping function and a tower with hotel use These two volumes use separate grid systems and thus two different Scope Boxes are created to control the visibility of the separate Grids (B) Grid element properties indicate the Scope box to which the grid belongs A B Work Planes in a Nutshell Before moving on to look at using work planes in practice, let’s take a moment to summarize the basic theory A Work Plane is the active plane you are working on in any given graphic view It is used when you are creating objects by sketching or placing Think of it like the “UCS” (user coordinate system) in AutoCAD that allows you to work in specific orientations and directions Every view has an Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 161 44831.book Page 185 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM PRINCIPLES OF MODELING IN REVIT Putting the Sweep Tool to Work Here are some real life scenarios in which the Sweep tool is very handy We’ll let the pictures most of the talking First consider the modern shower fixture in the bathroom shown here: Image Courtesy of Gianluca Nicholas Lange This design was created as a simple sweep on a circular path Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 185 44831.book Page 186 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM 186 CHAPTER MODELING PRINCIPLES IN REVIT The architectural example shown here demonstrates another use of sweeps, to create a highly specific wall shape The retaining wall was created as an in-place wall using the Create function and the Sweep method Image Courtesy of E Di Giacommo Trajectory Segmentation This option (Figure 6.45) provides a way to segment smooth arcs into linear segments This can be useful when rationalizing a form into planar, constructible elements When the option is checked, it makes the parameter Maximum Segment Angle active The value you set will define the maxi- Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 44831.book Page 187 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM PRINCIPLES OF MODELING IN REVIT mum value of the angle between two segments of the arc The smaller that value, the higher the number of linear segments that will replace the arc Figure 6.47 shows the effects of this parameter Figure 6.45 Sweeps can be segmented using the “Trajectory Segmentation” parameter Figure 6.46 An arc path can be segmented using the Maximum Segment Angle parameter Trajectory before segmentation Maximum Segment Angle = 30° Maximum Segment Angle = 60° Maximum Segment Angle = 90° Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 187 44831.book Page 188 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM 188 CHAPTER MODELING PRINCIPLES IN REVIT Blend A blend creates a form by connecting two different 2D shapes on two different planes along a linear path (Figure 6.48) The distance between the two shapes—the base and top, is what defines the depth of the blend The two shapes for the top and base of the blend not need to be the same shape or have the same number of segments Revit can even blend arcs into linear segments When the top and base shapes are the same, the resulting form will look exactly like an extrusion or sweep along a single, linear segment You can think of a blend as extrusion with two sketches— one for the base, and one for the top Figure 6.47 A blend is created from two sketches that blend together along a linear path The properties of a blend are very similar to those of an extrusion You can set the Blend Depth as well as the offset from the work planes on which the shapes will be drawn First end This defines the offset of the base shape relevant to its work plane This value can be negative or positive The default value is set to Second end This defines the offset of the top shape relevant to the work plane on which the blend is drawn This value can be positive or negative The default is set to 1’ 0” (250mm) The total depth of the blend is the resulting value between the First End and the Second End When a blended element is selected, you will find new tools in the Options Bar: These are the same as the options for extrustions, with addition of two other features that take to the sketch of the base or top of the blend Edit Base: you can always go back to the base sketch by selecting this option and redefine its shape if needed You will need to “Finish sketch” to exit that option Edit Top Enters sketch mode where you can modify the top sketch Edit Base Enters sketch mode where you can modify the base of the sketch Whenever you select one of those two options, the Options Bar will change as well as the design bar, as shown in Figure 6.48 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 44831.book Page 189 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM PRINCIPLES OF MODELING IN REVIT Figure 6.48 Options in the Design bar depend on whether you are editing the base (A) or the top (B) of the blend A B As you can see, when creating blends there is not one single work plane—this means that the two sketched shapes are always on work planes that are parallel Vertex connect is a tool specific to blends, and it shows up in the design bar when editing the blend sketch This tool allows you to set the connection between the vertices that the two shapes have Manipulating the vertexes will produce different results in the final blend When you click on the Vertex Connect tool, you will see graphic controls indicating existing connections between the vertexes of the blend shapes There are two different things you can here: Twisting After selecting Vertex Connect, you will find two tools called Twist in the Options bar These control the number of twists between the two shapes Figure 6.49A shows a basic blend between two 45 degree oriented square shapes Figure 6.49B shows one additional twist and Figure 6.49C yet another additional twist Editing Vertices This is another way to affect the blend in order to arrive at alternative shapes By clicking one of the open blue circle controls that appear when you first select the Vertex Connect tool, you’ll have the ability to change the direction of the vertexes by clicking on the control Once you change the connection point, the circle will be filled in solid blue (Figure 6.51B) and a line will be drawn showing a preview of the connection from one vertex to another Revit will connect the vertexes from the base shape to the top shape in automated way with each click But each of the vertexes has an option to be connected to the top vertex that lies to the right of it, or left or both The example shown in Figure 6.50 demonstrates how the same blend with the same base, top, and depth all look different depending on the vertex connections Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 189 44831.book Page 190 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM 190 CHAPTER MODELING PRINCIPLES IN REVIT Figure 6.49 The forms shown can be a tower shape or a table leg: various looks for the same element depending on the number of vertex connections or twists A B C Troubleshooting Blends When the base shape of a blend has the same number of vertices as the top shape, the results are pretty much predictable But often the number is not the same and you may not get the results you expect or desire A few tips to consider when working with more complex blends: If one of the shapes is a circle, you might want to break it up into segments to get additional vertex points so that you arrive at a shape you need, as shown in Figures 6.51 and 6.52 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 44831.book Page 191 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM PRINCIPLES OF MODELING IN REVIT Figure 6.50 Changing vertex connections will result in different blend forms A B Figure 6.51 A standard blend you will often see, with base shape square and top shape circle Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 191 44831.book Page 192 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM 192 CHAPTER MODELING PRINCIPLES IN REVIT Figure 6.52 The same shapes with the circle split into segments to add more vertices In example A, the vertex points are orthogonal; in B they are rotated 45 degrees Note the difference in the results A B Creating a Lamp with Blends and Sweeps A real-world application of blends and sweeps can be seen in the Revit lamp family illustrated here Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 44831.book Page 193 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM PRINCIPLES OF MODELING IN REVIT The shade is constructed using a blend between a segmented circle for the top (A), and a more complex series of arcs for the base (B) Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 193 44831.book Page 194 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM 194 CHAPTER MODELING PRINCIPLES IN REVIT The top sketch has been divided into many segments to match the number of vertexes of the base This file can be found in the Chapter folder on the web site if you want to explore it some more on your own (PS Lamp.rfa) The legs of this lamp can be made using sweeps A void extrusion was used to cut the bottom of the legs horizontally so that it sits flat on the floor Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 44831.book Page 195 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM PRINCIPLES OF MODELING IN REVIT Examples of Blends in Practice The following shapes (Figure 6.53) are inspired by the sculptor and designer Isamu Noguchi’s lamps, but as you can imagine, they could just as easily represent a lamp, a column, or an entire shape of a building They are constructed as simple combinations of connected blends Figure 6.53 A series of blends used to form a more complex form The blend sketches cannot contain more than one loop of closed lines If your intention is to create something like the lamp shade shown in Figure 6.54, you will need to add a void If you try to make such a shape, Revit will give you a warning message stating that “more than one loop is not allowed.” Figure 6.54 This blend sketch with multiple loops is not allowed and would generate a warning message To obtain the result needed, you will need to first create a solid blend and then a second one, done with void that has a smaller radius, as shown in Figure 6.55 Figure 6.55 A lampshade can be made by creating a void blend that is smaller than the solid blend Consider Your Options Before making a digital model of your design, whether it is the shape of an entire building, a portion of specially modeled wall, a front desk or a door handle, you need to analyze and think about the basic geometric shapes that are used to create such a form Is your object best modeled as an extrusion? A blend? A sweep? A blend with a void cut in it? Think carefully how the element is made, how it is assembled, and the tools that Revit provides to plan your modeling strategy Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 195 44831.book Page 196 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM 196 CHAPTER MODELING PRINCIPLES IN REVIT Solids and Voids Many complex shapes you wish to design go beyond the four basic form making techniques we just explored Designs often require a combination of forms that are both additive and subtractive To accommodate richer modeling, Revit approaches this problem by allowing any form to be solid or void Solids are positive, physical elements, and voids are invisible, cutting elements that remove form from solids All the forms we covered (extrusion, revolve, sweep, blend) can be made as either a solid or a void This is represented in the design bar, where you have the two options: Solid Form and Void Form Examples showing use of Voids Voids can be used in many ways to arrive at some surprising geometric forms Think of a void as a way to carving away from a solid chunk of clay—you can truly sculpt with this tool! Vaults In Figure 6.56, complex vaults have been created out of solid pentagonal extrusion and half circle void extrusions cutting through it Note: you will need to use the Join Geometry tool to have the void cut the solid Figure 6.56 Vaulted space created out of combination of solid and void extrusions courtesy of Revit QA E.Egbertson Tower shapes The basic shape of the tower shown in Figure 6.57 is a simple blend A plow shape is used at the base, and a triangular shape defined for the top Then a simple curved shaped void extrusion is used to carve out the blend The result is an interesting shape that is far more complex than what you’d expect to be able to with the four basic modeling forms Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 44831.book Page 197 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM WHERE CAN YOU GO FROM HERE? Figure 6.57 A blend with a void extrusion results in some very interesting forms! A B C D Complex roofs A shape like the one shown in Figure 6.58 could be created using two revolved shapes and then cut off using a void square around the edges Figure 6.58 Use of a simple void to cut our geometry from a revolved shape Where Can You Go From Here? Mastering the modeling techniques in Revit and understanding the power of parametric relationships will open the doors to some powerful modeling skills Even if it seems like science fiction that you can make highly complex forms using Revit, with time, creativity, and practice, you will get there Figure 6.59 shows examples of some highly creative uses of solid and void forms Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 197 44831.book Page 198 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM 198 CHAPTER MODELING PRINCIPLES IN REVIT Figure 6.59 These models are all made using Revit’s native form making tools Images courtesy of Phil Read The Bottom Line Using Revit’s essential form making tools (Extrusion, Sweep, Revolve and Blend) tools are at the root of practically all form modeling These four Master it Having learned the basics of Revit’s form making tools, imagine how would you build this faucet designed by Philippe Starck Master it: In some cases, a form is made of multiple sketch lines to generate its form What form making tools in Revit use more than one set of 2D sketches to generate the form? The Underlying Concept of Sketch Based Design Nearly every element you make in Revit has an underlying 2D sketch Know how to edit and construct these sketches will be critical to your success Master it: Revit uses a 2D sketch based approach to modeling What modeling elements in Revit use this 2D sketch principle to generate their form? Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 44831.book Page 199 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM THE BOTTOM LINE How Work Planes, Datums, and Reference Planes are used in modeling When you create elements in Revit, they are tied parametrically to working planes Master it: In order to sketch a form, the form must reside on a Work Plane How you define and visualize the Work Plane in Revit? Combining solids and voids to create complex and intriguing forms Being creative with how you generate form means you have to think both in terms of both positive and negative forms making tools Master it: To make more complex forms, the use of both solids and voids can be used Think of a case where the using voids as a subtractive element makes sense Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 199 ... angle set to 270 ˚ Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 177 44831.book Page 178 Friday, October 12, 20 07 12:31 AM 178 CHAPTER MODELING PRINCIPLES IN REVIT Figure... watermark 169 44831.book Page 170 Friday, October 12, 20 07 12:31 AM 170 CHAPTER MODELING PRINCIPLES IN REVIT The finished roof looks like this: Principles of Modeling in Revit Revit is much more than... Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 173 44831.book Page 174 Friday, October 12, 20 07 12:31 AM 174 CHAPTER MODELING PRINCIPLES IN REVIT Selecting Solid Form or Void Form from any of