Tài liệu Longman Phrasal verbs Dictionary_ Chương.9 ppt

QUARREL Q QUARREL quarrel, quarrelled, quarrelling BrE quarrel, quarreled, quarreling AmE quarrel with I quarrel with I sth] (ormol to disagree with an idea or opinion: Few of us would quarrel with the idea of more choice and more competition. I Anders' critics do not quarrel with his statements, but with his definition of 'liquidation.' * SIMILAR TO: disagree with QUEUE queued, queued, queuing also queueing 1> I queue up I BrE to form or join a line of people waiting to do something or go somewhere: On the cold- est night I've ever known, the four of us queued up outside our local cinema to see 'Crocodile Dundee '. + for More than 1,000 people queued upfor interviews after the Grand Hotel in Sear- borough advertised 100 new jobs this week. • COMPARE: line up :z [be queuing up to do ~ BrE if people are queuing up to do something, they all want to do it very much: The school is one of the best in the area, and parents are queuing up to send their children there. I Japanese theatre director Ninagawa has a reputation for being very tough, but actors are queuing up to work with him. * SIMILAR TO: line up QUICKEN quickened, quickened, quickening quicken up [quicken up I I quicken up ~ I quicken I s~ to become quicker, or make something go quicker: As the runners approached the finish, their pace quickened up. * SIMILAR TO: speed up • OPPOSITE: slow down 404 QUIET quieted, quieted, quieting quiet down [quiet down I [ quiet §] down [ AmE to become calmer and less active or noisy, or to make someone do this: Quiet down and get ready for bed! I Lee bounced the child on his knee to quiet her down. * SIMILAR TO: calm down, quieten down BrE QUIETEN quieten, quietened, quietening quieten down 1 I quieten down I I quieten 1~1 down I BrE if someone quietens down, or if you qui- eten them down, they become quieter and calmer after they were noisy, upset, or too active: The kids were so noisy - I spent half the lesson trying to quieten them down. I Wilkinson began swearing and shouting insults. When a policewoman told him to qui- eten down, he punched her. I He 'cl once been known as the 'wild boy of rock 'n roll', but old age had quietened him down. * SIMILAR TO: calm down, quiet down AmE :z [quieten down [ if a place or a situation quietens down, it becomes quieter and less busy, because there is less activity in it: Things tend to quieten down afler the Christmas rush is over. I The fighting in our immediate area seems to have quietened down * SIMILAR TO: ease off QUIT qui~ qui~ quitting 1 I be quit of Is!EJ (ormol to get rid of something or someone that was causing you problems: Ethel had become tired of Henry s selfish demands, and now she was determined to be quit of him. * SIMILAR TO: be rid of :z I quit on rill AmE to stop helping someone or working with them, when they need you: So you're going to quit on me? And I thought I could rely on you. I Rony acted like a child - he quit on his teammates just when they needed him. * SIMILAR TO: let down 3 [quit on §] AmE if a machine or vehicle quits on you, it stops working while you are using it or when you need to use it: Then his computer simply quit on him and he lost his temper. I The van was almost out of gas and we were afraid it might quit on us. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. R RABBIT rabbited, rabbited, rabbiting I rabbit on I BrE informal to talk continuously for a long time in a boring or annoying way: I'm not going to stand around here listening to you rabbiting on. + about J had to listen to Tony rabbiting on for hours about his work. * SIMILAR TO: ramble on, witter on BrE RACK racked, racked, racking I rack up ~ I rack [~ informal to achieve a large total or something: Yeardley racked up J J points for the Tigers in the first quarter: I Mexico racked up a $7.4 billion trade surplus during 1995. RAFFLE raffled, raffled, raffling I raffle off ~ I raffle ~ to offer something as a prize in a raffle. A raf- fle is a type of competition in which people buy tickets with numbers on to try and win prizes: we're going to raffle off some bottles of wine to raise money for the cancer hospital appeal. RAG ragged, ragged, ragging 1 I rag on ~ AmE informal to criticize someone or tell them they should do something: Jody s coach ragged on her for missing the goal. I Quit ragging on me! I'll do it in a minute. 2 Iragonl~ AmE informal to make jokes about someone and laugh at them in order to embarrass them: Everybody's ragging on Steve about his new girlfriend. * SIMILAR TO: tease 405 RAIN RAGE raged, raged, raging rage against/at I rage against I~ I rage at Isthlsb I to feel extremely angry about something and to express this anger: Roosevelt believed pas- sionately in equality, and raged against social injustice. I The Dallas Cowboys were left rag- ing at a refereeing decision which could even- tually cost them a place in the Super Bowl. I "You never gave a damn about us!" her son raged at her. "You only cared about yourself" RAIL railed, railed, railing rail against/at I rail against ~ I rail at I sthlsb I literary to complain angrily and very strongly about something that you believe to be very wrong or unfair: Francis, a veteran AIDS campaigner, railed against the government for not providing enough money for research into the disease. I Every day he stood in the square, railing at all the evils of mankind. RAILROAD railroaded, railroaded, railroading railroad into Irailroad I~ to persuade someone to do something with- out giving them time to think about it: She hesitated, unwilling to be railroaded into a decision. I railroad through ~ I railroad I sth I through I if a government railroads through a new law, it forces parliament to vote on it very quickly, so that people do not have much time to think about it: The government is hoping to avoid awkward questions by trying to railroad the bill through. I They are railroading these proposals through parliament, so that by the time people have understood the dangers, it will be too late. RAIN rained, rained, raining 1 I rain down I I rain down I sth I I rain I sth I down I literary to fall in large quantities, or make something fall in large quantities: Falling Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. RAIN debris rained down as firefighters in breath- ing apparatus fought the flames. I Archers rained arrows down from the watchtower. + on/upon I put my arms over my head as pieces of glass started to rain down on me. 2 I rain down I I rain down I s~ ~sthldownl literary if blows rain down on you, or if some- one rains blows down on you, they hit you many times from above: Terry cried out in pain as a flurry of blows rained down on his back. I Now the Cuban giant was standing over his opponent, raining down punches. I be rained off/out I if an event is rained off or rained out, it can- not take place or has to stop because there is too much rain: Last night's match with Leeds United was rained off. I We had tickets to the Blue Jays game but it was rained out. RAKE raked, raked, raking I rake in Isth] »: spoken to earn a large amount of money, especially without working very hard: Forbes magazine published a report asserting the nation 's top 134 lawyers together raked in some $860 million in one year. be raking it in Everyone assumes that if you're on TV,you must be raking it in. I rake off I s~ I rake [30 [ off] especially erE to get part of the profits of a business or organization dishonestly: He headed a special fund for the handicapped, and was widely believed to have raked off much of the cash for himself * SIMIlAR TO: skim off rake-off N [c] erE a share of a profits, which someone has obtained dishonestly: The taxi-driver gets a rake-off from the hotel. - I rake over I~ if you rake over something unpleasant that happened in the past, you talk or think about it again and again, when it would be better to forget it: "There's no point in raking over the past," my mother always said, but 1 wanted to know what had happened. 406 1rI rake up I st~ I rake I sthI~ to talk about something unpleasant from the past that people do not want you to mention, because it is upsetting or embarrassing: I don't want reporters coming here, raking up the past. I They don't seem to realise how painful it isfor her to have all this raked up again. * SIMIlAR TO: dwell on/upon 2 I rake I sth I~ I rake up Isth] to collect things together for a particular purpose, when this is difficult to do: Between them they only managed to rake up $50. RALLY rallied, rallied, rallying I rally around/round I I rally around/round I s~ if a group of people rally around, they all work to try to help and support someone who is in a difficult situation: Her friends all rallied round when her father died. I The cabinet rallied around the Prime Minister, defending the action he had taken. RAMBLE rambled, rambled, rambling I ramble onl to talk or write for a long time in a rather confused way that is boring for the people who are listening or reading: She rambled on, but Anastasia was not listening. + about Sarah glanced at the clock - he had been rambling on about himself for over an hour. • COMPARE: bangon BrE in(ormal RAMP ramp, ramped, ramping - I ramp up 1 st~ I ramp @h[ r@ erE to increase something, especially the amount you produce, sell or earn - used in business: To meet new orders, we need to ramp up production from 18 to 43 planes a month. I The company is launching Fire- Walker, a 3-D video game product, to ramp up its entertainment profits. * SIMIlAR TO: boost Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. ramp-up N [cl . an increase in production, sales, profits ete: To get a really huge ramp-up in sales they're going to have to get the price down. RANGE ranged, ranged, ranging be ranged against ' [be ranged against I sblsth [ formal if a group of people, organizations, countries etc is ranged against someone or something, it opposes them or is ready to fight against them: Saddam Hussein threat- ened to launch terrorist attacks on the coun- tries ranged against him. I a powerful group of unions ranged against the government 50 policy of rail privatization RANK ranked, ranked, ranking I rank among ~ I be ranked among ~ NOT IN PROGRESSNE to be one of the best of a particular type - used when comparing things or people and placing them in order of quality or impor- tance: The Lebanon produces some remark- able red wines that rank among the world 50 finest. I It is generally agreed that Dempsey ranks among the greatest champions of all time. RAP rapped, rapped, rapping rap out I rap out' sth] [ rap' sth lout I if you rap out an order or question, you say it quickly, suddenly, and in a way that sound angry: The ambassador rapped out an order and four servants hurried across the room. I "What 50 your name?" he rapped out suddenly. "O'Brien, sir." * SIMILAR TO: bark out RAT ratted, ratted, ratting 1 I rat on I sb] NOT PASSNE >- informal to be disloyal to someone by telling a person in authority about something that they have done wrong: I never ratted on Albert. I wouldn't rat on afriend. * SIMILAR TO: snitch (on), tell on, split on informal 407 RATTLE 2 [rat on I s~ >-- informal to not do something that you have promised to do for someone: The Labour government was accused of ratting on its promises to the disabled. * SIMILAR TO: welch on RATCHET ratcheted, ratcheted, ratcheting ratchet up I ratchet up I~ I ratchet [ sth I up] to keep increasing something b)1 small amounts or to be increased In this way: NATO has been ratcheting up the pressure on President Milosevic. I The payroll tax has ratcheted up to a tax rate of 15.3%. ratchet (sth) up a notch (=increase a little) As the story develops, Hitchcock ratchets the tension up a notch. RATION rationed, rationed, rationed [ration out ~ I ration ~th lout [ to divide something among a group of peo- ple, so that each person gets a small amount: They were in the lifeboat for days before they were rescued, and food and water had to be carefully rationed out. RATTLE rattled, rattled, rattling rattle around I rattle around I to be in a building or room that is much big- ger than you need it to be, so that you do not feel comfortable + in This house is much too big for us now the children have left - we're just rattling around in it. rattle off [rattle off ~ I rattle [ sth I off I to say something quickly without stoppmg, especially something such as a poem or list that you have learned: In reply to this casual question, my new companion rattled off a list of all the hotels and restaurants in Georgetown. * SIMILAR TO: reel off rattle on [rattle on I Informal to talk quickly and for a long time about things that are boring: I stifled a yawn, but Elsie didn't notice and just rattled on. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. RAVE + about Boswell rattled on about the prospect of other travels with Johnson, perhaps to Sweden, where he hoped they would see the King. rattle through ' [rattle through 15"01 to speak or do something very quickly because you want to finish as quickly as pos- sible: She rattled through her speech as if she couldn't wait to leave. * SIMILAR TO: rush (through) I rattle up I~ BrE informal to gain a high number of points in a sport or game without much effort: Simpson did absolutely magnificently. He rat- tled up no less than 46 league 'goals, an all- time club record. * SIMILAR TO: chalk up, notch up RAVE raved, raved, raving rave about/over I rave about/over ~ to talk in an excited way about how much you admire or like someone or something: In 1992 the critics were raving about Emma Thompson s performance in the film 'Howards End'. I He had thought only sentimentalists and American tourists raved over Venice. 'rave it up I BrE old-fashioned to enjoy yourself drinking and dancing in a noisy way: She'll be out raving it up with her mates till all hours. rave-up N [e] BrE a noisy party where people drink and dance a lot: We're going to have a bit of a rave-up on Saturday, if you'd like to come. REACH reached, reached, reaching ~ 5th' down I , reach down 1 5th I BrE to get something that is above your head by putting your arm up, especially in order to give it to someone else + for/to I want that vase down from the top shelf. Could you reach it down for me? - 1 I reach out for I sth] X to try to achieve a better situation, for 408 example peace, love, or happiness: We were never satisfied - we were always reaching out for new joys and satisfactions. I A tiny minority holds all the power, and prevents the people from reaching out for peace. :2 I reach out for help/assistance etc I to ask someone for help: Many of these women need protection, and we urge them to reach out for help. - 1 I reach out to ~ NOT PASSIVE to offer help, comfort, or support to some- one: If you want peace, reach out to the poor. That is the Pope s message for World Day of Peace. I "We must reach out to the 40 percent of children who don't have any preventive health care. " Brazelton said. outreach N [u] outreach services try to find people who need help, and offer it to them, instead of waiting for people to come and ask for it: an outreach health programme for drug addicts :2 I reach out to I5b] NOT PASSIVE to try and communicate your ideas to people that you have not succeeded in communicat- ing with in the past: How do the Republicans plan to reach out to black voters? I I want to reach out to everybody. For too long poetry s been written by poetsfor poets. I Corporations are going global, reaching out to new markets. 3 I reach out to 'sbJ NOT PASSIVE to ask for help, comfort, or support: She reached out to him as a last source of help. REACT reacted, reacted, reacting - I react against I 5~ to show that you dislike or disagree with someone's rules or way of doing something by deliberately doing the opposite: It s nor- mal for teenagers to react against their par- ents' beliefs. I Feminists were reacting against traditional ideas of a woman s role in society. * SIMILAR TO: rebel (against) READ read, read, reading I read I 5th I back' I read back ~ BrE to read something that you have written, to check that it is correct and satisfactory: When I read back what I had written, I was quite pleased with it. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. + to Mr Croxley would dictate a letter to Dinah and then get her to read it back to him. I read for I sth] BrE old-fashioned to study a subject in order to get a university degree: She's reading for a degree in physics. [read ~I into ~ to think that something has a meaning or importance that it may not really have: Robert wondered if she was reading more into his comments than he actually meant. read too much into sth Only 15% of the population voted in last week's election, so don't read too much into the result. read oH I read off ~ I read I s~ to read the number on a machine or piece of equipment used for measuring things: To measure gas pressure, switch on the machine and read off the number from the LED display. read out 1 I read ~ out I I read out Is!hJ to read something and say the words, espe- cially the words or numbers that are written in a list, message etc, so that other people can hear them: He opened the envelope and read out the name of the winner. + to Sarah left a message - I'll read it out to you. read sth out loud 1 read the letter out loud to my wife. 2 I read out I sth I I read I~ if a computer or an electronic instrument reads out information, it shows it to you: This program will read out the contents of the file. read-out N [e] printed information produced by a com- puter or machine, or a measurement shown by a computer or machine: The sensor provides a constant digital read-out of the levels of carbon monoxide in the air. I read over ~ ~h lover I to read something carefully in order to check details or find mistakes: Read the contract over carefully before you sign it. lit 's often a good idea to get someone else to read over your essay before you hand it in. * SIMIlAR TO: read th~ough 409 REASON read through I read through ~ ~h [through I to read something from beginning to end, especially in order to check details or find mistakes: Martin picked up the faxed newspa- per clipping and read it through. "This is a really bizarre story," he said to Karen. I Always read through what you have written before you leave the exam room. * SIMILAR TO: read over read-through N [e] when someone reads something from beginning to end: "Finished your essay?" "Yeah, I just need to give it a quick read- through, then I'll hand it in." ~ Ireadlsthl~ I read up on/about ~ to read about a particular subject, because you want to know more about it: I'll have to read up on the tax laws before that meeting tomorrow. IIf you're planning to take up bee- keeping, read up about itfirst. I Charles spent his first day at the office reading up all the facts and figures. REAR reared, reared, rearing I rear upl if a horse or similar animal rears up, it suddenly rises up on its back legs: Ralph s horse suddenly reared up, throwing him off. REASON reasoned, reasoned, reasoning reason out I reason [Sth lout' I reason out I~ to think about something carefully, in order to decide how to solve a problem, or in order to understand something better: Instead of arguing, let's try to reason it out. I Something FitzAlan had said made herfeel uneasy about his true motives, but she was growing too sleepy to reason it out now. I reason with I~ to talk calmly to someone who you think is behaving in an unreasonable way, and give them reasons why they should be more sen- sible: Try to reason with your child and find out why he disobeyed you, rather than just shouting at him. I I tried to reason with her. but she locked herself in the bathroom, crying. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. REBOUND REBOUND rebounded,rebounded,rebounding rebound on/upon • Rebound upon is more formal than rebound on and is used mostly in writing. I rebound on/upon I~ NOT PASSIVE if an action rebounds on someone, it has a harmful effect on them even though it was only intended to affect someone else: These new government restrictions on the food indus- try are likely to rebound on thefarmers, who are a/ready struggling to survive. I When church leaders tried to punish such disobedience, their efJortsfrequently rebounded on themselves. RECKON reckoned,reckoned,reckoning I reckon on ~ NOT PASSIVE ~ to expect something to happen and include it in your plans: We hadn't reckoned on this sudden rise in house prices. reckon on doing sth You can reckon on paying several thousand pounds for a good photocopier. reckon on sb doing sth They didn't reckon on anyone objecting to their scheme. * SIMIlAR TO: expect, figure on AmE I reckon up I sth I I reckon I~ BrEold-fashionedto add up several amounts in order to get a total: £17.60 plus tax is £20.68, if I've reckoned it up correctly. I Pat nodded her head, reckoning up the cost of everything in her mind. * SIMILAR TO: add up 1 I reckon with ~ USUALLY NEGATIVE to realize that you must be prepared to deal with a particular problem or danger: In September 1812 the victorious army entered Moscow, but the Russian winter was some- thing that Napoleon had not reckoned with. I Clinton had to reckon with the fact that Congress was likely to oppose him. * SIMILAR TO: bargain for 2 I sb/sth to be reckoned with I someone or something that is very powerful, successful etc and must be respected or seri- ously considered as a possible competitor, opponent, or danger: I think we showed the country that the Dallas Cowboys are afootball team to be reckoned with. I The new principal was certainly a woman to be reckoned with. 410 a force to be reckoned with In Asia, China has established itself as a force to be reckoned with alongside America. reckon without I reckon without ~ BrE to make plans without realizing that a particular thing or person may eause you problems, so that you are not prepared for them when you have to deal with them sb had reckoned without sth/sb Watson had decided to swim to the island, but had reckoned without the strong currents, and narrowly escaped drowning. , Several of the soldiers thought they would find comfort in the arms of the nurses. But they had reckoned without Sister Murphy. RECONCILE reconciled,reconciled, reconciling reconcile to [reconcile yourself to ~ to accept something, especially a situation that you do not like or approve of, and real- ize that there is nothing you can do to change it: Over the years she had reconciled herself to the fact that she would probably never remarry. be/become reconciled to sth The islanders had never become reconciled to British rule. * SIMILAR TO: accept REDUCE reduced,reduced,reducing 1 I reduce I sb I to tears/despair/silence etc I to make someone feel very upset, afraid, or quiet: The sight of those poor children reduced me to tears. reduce sb to a nervous wreck BrEJust the thought of going to the dentist reduces him to a nervous wreck! :z [reduce I sb/sth ~ to cause someone or something to be in a very bad situation or a very low and unim- portant position: A disastrous business ven- ture had reduced him to near ruin. I The movie tells the tragic story of a once-famous musi- cian reduced to poverty. I Too much emphasis has been placed on exams and tests, and edu- cation has been reduced to an exercise in learning facts. 3 I be reduced to (doing) I sth I if someone is reduced to doing something unpleasant, boring, or embarrassing, they have to do it because they are in a difficult Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. situation and have no choice: She lost her job as manager and was reduced to doing barwork. I Local villagers have been reduced to eating nuts and worms as a result of crop failures. * SIMILAR TO: to have to resort to 4 I reduce ~I t~ to damage or destroy something so that there is almost nothing left: The fire spread rapidly, reducing the factory to a pile of twisted metal. reduce sth to asheslrubbleldust/ruins Much of the city centre was reduced to rubble by wartime bombing. 5lreduce~ to make something shorter and simpler: Their whole business philosophy can be reduced to a simple slogan - make itfast and sell it cheap. I The artist has reduced the face to four blobs - two for the eyes, and one each for the nose and mouth. REEK reeked, reeked, reeking reek of 1 I reek of §] x; to smell strongly of something very unpleas- ant: The bathroom was filthy and reeked of tobacco smoke. I He goes to the pub and comes home with his breath reeking of beer. :z I reek oft sth I iZ- to seem to have a lot of a particular unpleas- ant quality - used to show disapproval: Campaigners condemned the government report, claiming it reeked of hypocrisy. I It's a private school for the sons of rich business- men - the place reeks of wealth, privilege and power. * SIMILAR TO: smell of, stink (of) REEL reeled, reeled, reeling I reel back I USUAlLY PROGRESSIVE to step backwards suddenly and almost fall over, especially because you are shocked, frightened, or because someone has hit you: The blow sent the man reeling back against the counter. I "I beg your pardon?" said Mrs Cramp, reeling back as if she had been slapped in the face. 1 Ireelin§] Ireel~ 5<- if you reel in a fish, fishing line, rope etc, you pull it towards you by winding the line 411 REFER around the reel (=the round object that holds the line) Luke felt a tug on the line and reeled in a beautiful salmon. I Eventually the fire was put out and the firemen began reeling in their hoses. * SIMILAR TO: pull in :z I reel in I sthlsb ] ] reel] sthlsb I in J x, to get or attract a large number of people or things: The programme reels in more than 13 million viewers a show. I Salesmen continued reeling in clients for the Miami-basedfirm. * SIMILAR TO: pull in reel off I reel off ~ I reel [SttIOff] ». to say something quickly and easily, espe- cially a list of names, numbers, or events: The waitress reeled off a list of dishes in rapid Italian -1 couldn't understand a word! I When politicians start reeling off figures about increased government spending, the audience just gets bored. * SIMILAR TO: rattle off REFER referred, referred, referring - I refer to I sblsth I to mention or speak about someone or some- thing: What was the organization that you referred to at the beginning of the lecture? I Although she didn't mention any names, everyone knew who she was referring to. refer to sb/sth as sth (=call them by a particular name) He just referred to her as 'my friend Sarah ' - I don't know whether they're together or not. I The computer screen is referred to as the monitor. :z I refer to I~ to read or look at a book, note, map etc in order to get information: You can refer to the course textbook if you need further informa- tion on this subject. I Without referring to my notes, 1 can't remember exactly what she said. * SIMILAR TO: consult 3 I refer to I sthlsb I if part of a book, article, document etc refers to something or someone, it describes or is about that person or thing: The blue line on the graph refers to sales. I The table on page three refers to rainfall in the region. 4 I refer I sblsth [ to I sb J to send a person or problem to someone with special knowledge or experience to get infor- mation, advice, or a decision: Your family doctor will refer you to a specialist at the eye hospital. I Shop assistants are instructed to Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. REFLECT refer customers to senior staff if they have a complaint. I The case has been referred to a higher court. S Ireferl~ formal to suggest that someone looks at a book, article, report etc for a particular piece of information: I refer you to my letter of March 18, 1998 with respect to your applica- tionfor a grant. I We asked him where it came from in the Bible and he referred us to Exodus, Chapter 14. REFLECT re~eaed, re~eaed, re~eaing reflect oQlupon . • Reflect upon is more formal than reflect on and is mostly used in writing. R 1 reflect on/upon I sth J to think carefully about something, espe- cially something that has happened or some- thing you have decided to do: New Year s Day is a time to reflect on the past year and plan ahead. I Reflecting on what he had said, she found herself close to tears. * SIMILAR TO: think (about), consider 2 I reflect on/upon I sb/sth I to influence other people's opinion about someone or something, especially in a bad way: Anna felt ashamed, realizing that her father s rudeness reflected on ha reflect badly on sb/sth Newspaper reports of poor exam results would undoubtedly reflect badly on the school. REFRAIN refrained, refrained, refraining refrain from I refrain from I sth I formal to not do something, although you would like to do it: Doctors advised that him to refrain from all sports for at least three months. refrain from doing sth Please refrain from smoking in the restaurant. REGALE regaled, regaled, regaling regale with ~withlsthJ formal to tell someone stories about things that have happened in order to entertain them, especially when these stories last a long time: 1n the bar she met someone called 412 Patrick who began regaling her with tales of old Ireland. I Mr Orme finished off the evening by regaling us with some reminiscences of his early days in Parliament. REIN reined, reined, reining 1 I rein in/back I sth I I rein ~ inlback I 'I to reduce something or stop it increasing, especially the amount of money spent by a government or company: the failure of the government to rein in public spending I Russia struggled to rein in mounting inflation. IIf the company reins back its expenditure on research and development, jobs will have to go. * SIMILAR TO: reduce 2 I rein in/back I~ ~b I inlback I if someone in authority reins in the people they control, they stop those people behav- ing in an extreme or unacceptable way: After the attempted coup, the government realized it would have to reign in the military. I Trade unions started improving their image and reining in the activities of unruly members. :3 I rein in/back I sth I I rein I sth I in/back I to control your emotions and stop yourself from behaving in an extreme or unacceptable way: Eventually, he learned to rein in his emotional outbursts. 4 I rein inlback I~ ~th I inlback I to make a horse go more slowly or stop by pulling the reins towards you. The reins are the long thin pieces of leather that you hold to control the horse: At the top of the hill, she reined in her horse to admire the view. REJOICE rejoiced, rejoiced, rejoicing 1 I rejoice in I sth I formol ar literary to be very pleased about something, or to enjoy something: The hostages were busy rejoicing in their new- found freedom. I a spiteful man who rejoices in the humiliation of others * SIMILAR TO: enjoy 2 I rejoice in the name ofl~ BrE to have a name that seems silly or amus- ing - used humorously: Their dog, which is short, fat and hairy, rejoices in the name of Bilbo Baggins. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. RELAPSE relapsed, relapsed, relapsing relapse into ' « I relapse into I s~ SrE to start to be in a particular state or mood again, or to start to behave in the same way again - used especially to say that someone becomes silent or in a bad mood again relapse into silence After asking her name and where she lived, he relapsed into an uneasy silence. relapse into gloomlpessimism Jason smiled briefly at the memory, but soon relapsed into gloom. RELATE related, related, relating ,t I relate to ~ lbe related to I sth/sb I to be about a particular subject or person, or be connected with them in some way: The document explains the policy relating to disci- pline in the school. I You can get temporary work visas for jobs related to computer tech- nology. 11 still can't understand how all this relates to me. * SIMIlAR TO: pertain to formol :z I relate to ~ if you can relate to someone's situation or someone's feelings, you can understand them because you have been in a similar sit- uation yourself: She said she felt so anpy when he died - I can relate to that. I My biggest problem with the film was that I couldn't relate to any of the characters. * SIMIlAR TO: empathize (with) 3 I relate to I~ to be able to have a good relationship with someone because you understand their feel- ings and behaviour: Surely you have to be able to relate to young people to be a success- ful child care worker? RELIEVE relieved, relieved, relieving - 1 I relieve Isbl of~ formal to help someone by taking a problem, responsibility etc, away from them: The doc- tors will do what they can to relieve him of pain. I They have established afund to pay her expenses, thereby relieving her of all the financial worries. I The judge s decision relieved the company of any obligation to pay Maria the money. 413 RELY :z I relieve ~ st8 formal to take away from someone something that they are holding or carrying: Carl jumped up to relieve Paula of her shopping bag. I The captain said to Field, "I'll have to relieve you of your weapon." 3 relieve sb of their post/duties/ command etc formal to officially take away someone's job from them, especially because they have done something wrong: Pravda revealed that the first secretary, Anatoly Gerasimov, had been relieved of his post. I The board has decided to relieve you of your duties as head teacher with immediate effect. 4 I relieve I sb I of I~ literary to steal something from someone - used humorously: Be careful - this part of town is full of crooks who'll be happy to relieve you of your wallet! * SIMIlAR TO: steal RELY relied, relied, relying rely on/upon • Rely upon is more formal than rely on and is mostly used in writing. ,,,,I rely on/upon ~ to need or use something or someone in order to exist or do something successfully: The charity relies on public donations in order to continue with its work. + for countries which have to rely on the West for aid I Early sailors had to rely on the stars for navigation at night. * SIMILAR TO: depend on/upon .• I rely on/upon I~ to trust someone or something to do what you expect or what you have asked them to do can rely on sb "You will get the job finished by Friday, won't you?" "You can rely on me." I She thinks she S finally found some- one who she can rely on. rely on/upon sb/sth to do sth The alarm clock isn't working properly, so don't rely on it to wake you up. rely on sth/sb doing sth You can't rely on the bank lending you the money. * SIMIlAR TO: depend on/upon, count on Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. . the first quarter: I Mexico racked up a $7.4 billion trade surplus during 199 5. RAFFLE raffled, raffled, raffling I raffle off ~ I raffle ~ to offer something. an excited way about how much you admire or like someone or something: In 199 2 the critics were raving about Emma Thompson s performance in the film 'Howards