GUIDING STUDENTS TO IDENTIFY AND DO EXERCISES ABOUT RELATIVE CLAUSES IN GCSE EXAMINATIONS

THANH HOA EDUCATION AND TRAINING DEPARTMENT TRIEU SON UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL EXPERIENCE INITIATIVE GUIDING STUDENTS TO IDENTIFY AND DO EXERCISES ABOUT RELATIVE CLAUSES IN GCSE EXAMINATIONS Writer: Nguyễn Thị Hoa Position: Teacher Subject: English THANH HOA, YEAR 2021 CATEGORY Content Introduction Page 1.1 Reasons for choosing the topic 1.2 Purposes of research 1.3 Objects of research 1.4 Methods of research Content 2.1 Theoretical basis 2.2 Factual basis 2.3 Solutions 2.3.1 Guiding students to identify and solve exercises 2.3.2 Types of exercises 2.3.3 Some selected exercises 2.4 Experimental results 15 Conclusion and proposal 16 3.1 Conclusion 16 3.2 Proposal 16 Introduction 1.1 Reasons for choosing the topic English has become an international language used widely all over the world Applying English means you can communicate with other people when we study abroad or take part in international projects with foreign colleagues or companies The ability of using English is now seen as a vital requirement for employment Therefore, in high schools in Vietnam, English is regarded as one of the most important subjects at all level of our national curriculum English also has become a compulsory subject in GCSE examinations Relative clause is one of the important English grammatical structures of the high school English program This grammar section was taught at lower-secondary education Relative clause continues to be taught at the basic level in English 10, 11 and 12 programs This grammar points are fully taught from intermediate level to advanced one with various type of exercises In the GCSE examination, college entrance examination, Relative clause is one of the important parts always used to test However, many students have difficulties in doing the exercises related to it Therefore, I choose the theme "GUIDING STUDENTS TO IDENTIFY AND DO EXERCISES ABOUT RELATIVE CLAUSES IN GCSE EXAMINATIONS" in my experience initiative to help them reinforce and practice grammar effectively and achieve good results in the exams Hopefully, the research would be shared with any colleagues who had the same problem or anyone who is interested in this theme This innovative teaching experience is based partly on my own previous one on teaching, I hope to make a small contribution to the already enriched teaching methods 1.2 Purposes of research Firstly, in the framework of this topic, I not hope to solve all the exercises of relative clauses I only focus on guiding and solving a number of exercises such as gap filling, reducing relative clauses, omission of relative pronouns…using some techniques to solve these exercises to help students get ready for GCSE examinations Secondly, I carried out this study to share some significant experiences and integrated teaching methods with an attempt to make a small contribution to the already enriched teaching methods in the hope of helping our students be in learning as well as reach the goal of learning English in particular and of education in general 1.3 Objects of research This research focuses on integrated teaching approaches in English textbook for the students learning English 11 and English 12 I applied this experience initiative for teaching students at Trieu Son upper school They are students of classes 12A3, 12A4 and 11B8 1.4 Methods of research Studying documents about relative clause Discussing with other teachers Applying the study in teaching process Observing and drawing out experience Content 2.1 Theoretical basis Relative clause is very important in English Its types of exercises are widely tested, especially in the GCSE examination However, they still seem to be difficult with many students When learning it, they find it very hard to remember steps to each type of exercises and they tend to ignore exercises In examinations, when scoring their papers, we realize that, many students choose incorrect answers for these questions In my topic, I only focus on some theoretical problems, some basic exercises and some simple ways to teach relative clauses so that the students can the exercises related in English 2.1.1 Grammar review 2.1.1.1 Relative pronouns and relative adverbs [1] We use relative pronouns or relative adverbs to introduce relative clauses Who: refers to people (as a subject or an object) Example: There are a lot of people who hate having injection Whom: refers to people (as an object, must be used directly after a preposition) Example: That’s the consultant with whom I spoke Which: refers to things and animals or replaces a clause Example: This is the prescription which the doctor gave me Whose: refers to the possession of a person or thing, usually followed by a noun (with possession of thing, we also use “of which” after “the + noun”) Example: There are several kids in my class whose parents are doctors That: refers to a person, animal, or thing; only used in defining relative clauses + We must use that if the noun (phrase) contains both person and thing + “That” often use with the superlative comparison (the + short adjective-est/ the most + long adjective), ordinal number (the first/ the second…), the next, the last, the only Example: This is the prescription that the doctor gave me Beside the five relative pronouns, we also have the relative adverbs: Where = there/ preposition + which (place): refers to place or situation Example: Harley Street, where she was born, is famous for its clinics When = then/ preposition + which (time): refers to time Example: I’ll never forget the day when I broke my finger Why = for the reason which/ the reason for which Example: And that’s (the reason) why I wanted to become a vet 2.1.1.2 Relative clauses [2] A relative clause is one kind of dependent clause It has a subject and verb, but can’t stand alone as a sentence It is sometimes called an “adjective clause” because it functions like an adjective—it gives more information about a noun A relative clause always begins with a “relative pronoun/ adverb,” which substitutes for a noun, a noun phrase, or a pronoun when sentences are combined Relative clauses tell us more about people and things Examples: My father, who is 60, has just retired This is the house which John designed Marie Curie is the woman that discovered radium In the 1st example, “who” is the subject of the relative clause and refers to “my father” - person In the second one, “which” is the object of the clause and refers to “the house” – thing In the last example, “that” is the subject of the clause and refers to “the woman” There are two types of relative clauses: Defining relative clauses and Nondefining relative clauses 2.1.1.2.1 Defining Relative Clauses [1] These tell us which one of a group of things/ people we are talking about The sentence doesn’t usually make complete sense if we remove the relative clause Do not use comma(s) in this type of relative clauses Example: That’s the doctor who did Karen’s operation (We can use that instead of “who/ which/ whom This is more informal: That’s the doctor that did Karen’s operation.) We can omit the relative pronoun if it is the object Example: That’s the doctor who/ whom/ that she saw Or That’s the doctor she saw 2.1.1.2.2 Non-defining relative clauses [1] These simply give us more information about someone/ something The sentence makes complete sense if we remove the relative clause We must use comma(s) to distinguish the main clause and relative clause Example: Dr Lake, who has been working here for over ten years, is a very experienced surgeon We cannot use “that” instead of “who/ whom/ which” in this type of relative clauses 2.1.1.3 Reducing relative clauses Some cases, relative clauses can be “reduced”— the relative pronoun and maybe other words can be removed When relative pronoun is subject in the relative clause, we can reduce relative clause by omitting relative pronoun and change the verb into: Present participle: Verb-ing (with active verb) Example: She was the nurse looking after the patients at the time (who was looking) [1] Past participle: Verb-ed/ V3 (with passive verb, often containing: be + past participle) Example: The boy taken to hospital was 13 years old (who was taken) [1] To-infinitive: To Verb (with active verb) / To be + past participle (with passive verb) when the noun (phrase) before relative clause contains: ordinal number (the first/ second/ third…), the next/ last/ only, the supper comparative form or sentences start with here/ there Example: - He was the second man to live in that house (who lived) - That was the only gift to be sent to him on his birthday (which was sent) Phrase: with “who/which + be + phrase”  omit “who/ which + be” Example: My mother, an excellent cook, is thinking of opening a restaurant (who is an excellent cook) 2.1.1.4 Relative pronouns with prepositions When whom or which have a preposition, the preposition can come at the beginning of the clause or at the end of the clause: Example: The woman whom you talked to last night is my aunt = The woman to whom you talked last night is my aunt But when who/ that has a preposition, the preposition always comes at the end Example: The woman who/ that you talked to last night is my aunt It’s wrong when we write: The woman to who/ that you talked last night is my aunt Use “whom” (for person) and “which” (for thing) after the quantity phrases: all/ most/ none/ neither/ any/ either/ some/ (a) few/ both/ half/ each/ one/ two/ several/ many/ much + of + whom/ which 2.1.1.5 Omission of relative pronouns Relative pronoun can be omitted when it functions an object in restrictive relative clause and no preposition is reversed in front of it Example: I like the book my father gave me (= which/ that my father gave me.) She doesn’t know the man they are talking about (= who/ whom/ that they are talking about) but we can’t omit relative pronouns if we move the preposition before them (and in this case, we just use “whom” for people and “which” for thing): She doesn’t know the man about whom they are talking 2.2 Factual basis I researched this theme based on the following aspects: Based on factual teaching Based on some references about relative clauses Based on the opinions of the colleagues Before making the topic, I had a test to examine the quality of the students of the classes 12A3, 12A4 and 11B8 at Trieu Son I high school I obtained the following results: Class Number Excellent Good Average Weak of Number % Number % Number % Number % students of of of of students students students students 11B8 47 6.39 15 31.91 13 27.66 16 34.04 12A3 40 0.00 7.50 19 47.50 18 45.00 12A4 35 0.00 14.29 13 37.14 17 48.57 2.3 Solutions 2.3.1 Guiding students to identify and solve exercises Students have to understand the use of relative pronouns/ adverbs and relative clauses, learn by heart the uses of each relative pronoun/ adverb and some signs to different types of exercises Before learning this grammar content, teacher instructs the students to prepare at home and talk with other friends about the content of the new lesson Show them the steps and guide them how to prepare a new lesson While learning this grammar content, teacher introduces the uses and related information about relative clauses and give some examples Teacher encourages students to give more examples by speaking or writing in their papers or on the board After learning this grammar content, I give some exercises for students In order to help students to exercises, I concentrate on giving the important signs to find out the answers For questions without signs, encourage students to translate meaning to choose answers, ask students to eliminate the wrong options first The answers are incompatible or not harmonize subjects and verbs I conducted for the students to re-compile this content in a way that they find most memorable and easy to understand in order to stimulate their self-study, which makes them feel good 2.3.2 Types of exercises 2.3.2.1 Filling in the gaps with the suitable relative pronouns/ adverbs This is the most common type of exercise about relative clauses used in English textbook and in GCSE examination To this type of exercise, students have to identify the noun in front of the gap (thing or person), the function of the needed relative pronoun When they multiple choice exercises, they are easy to omit the wrong options Below are some important signs to help students to find out the answers easily and effectively - Person (gap) Verb  need Subject for person  who/ that (may use “that” if it’s a defining relative clause, no comma(s)) - Person (gap) Subject + Verb  need Object for person  who/ whom/ that (may use “that” if it’s a defining relative clause, no comma(s)) - Thing (gap) Verb  need Subject for thing  which/ that (may use “that” if it’s a defining relative clause, no comma(s)) - Thing (gap) Subject + Verb  need Object for thing  which/ that (may use “that” if it’s a defining relative clause, no comma(s)) - Person/ Thing (gap) Noun  need possessive relative pronoun  whose - Both Person + thing (gap)  use “that” There is a tip to discard option: if before the gap has a preposition (of relative clause) inversed  discard “who/ that/ where/ when/ why” There are two kinds for this kind of exercises: fill relative pronouns/ adverbs in a single sentence or in a sentence of paragraph Example 1: The book you gave me is very interesting A when B which C who D where  “The book”: thing  key: B which Example 2: [3] Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheer to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30 INTERNSHIPS In many countries going through difficult economic times, job openings for new graduates can be few and far between In this competitive environment, relevant work experience can help job seekers stand out from the crowd, and (26) _ organisations now offer temporary placements, called internships The problem with numerous internships, (27) _, is that they are unpaid, and this often puts young people off applying for them Employers and interns sometimes come to mutually beneficial arrangements, however Dinesh Pathan, applying for an internship with an IT company, negotiated a deal in which he would be given travel (28) _ only for two weeks, and then, as long as he could show his marketing work was adding value, he would be paid a wage The arrangement worked well: Dinesh had a(n) (29) _ to work hard, and he ended up feeling "not so much an intern as a temporary staffer" HR consultant Denise Baker says similar arrangements are common What is more, "if interns well, employers would often rather make them full employees than recruit people (30) _ they don't know" (Adapted from Exam Essentials Practice Tests - Cambridge English by Tom Bradbury and Eunice Yeates) Question 26: A much B every C another D many Question 27: A instead B therefore C moreover D however Question 28: A companions B restrictions C expenses D destinations Question 29: A profit B incentive C persuasion D promotion Question 30: A who B when C where D which In question 30, before the gap is “people”  key is A who 2.3.2.2 Supplying the correct verb forms Students need to understand which is being tested: combination, reduced form, or omission form and follow suitable steps to choose the correct answers To this type of exercise, students need: - find the relative clause - identify the required verb in the relative clause: active or passive - observe the noun before the relative clause whether it contains: the first/ second/ third…, the next/ last/ only, or supper comparative form (the …est/ most …) - choose the correct form of verb needed (V-ing/ P.P/ to V/ to be P.P) Example 4: [4] The patients with the new drug showed better signs of recovery than those receiving conventional medicine A treating B having treated C who treated D treated “The patient” is a passive subject of relative clause, so we need a passive verb, and the relative clause is reduced  key: D treated 2.3.2.3 Combination This is another type of exercise used in GCSE examination In order to it, students have to: - find out the noun in the first sentence and the replaced word in the second one, with which function (subject/ object or possessive) - use relative pronoun with the right function and put it right behind the noun (in the first sentence) and make full relative clause and main clause - use comma to distinguish the relative clause and main clause if necessary (use for identified noun: name, noun with possessive adjective, noun for the only thing: the sun/ earth/ moon… and sometimes with “this/ that/ these/ those”) Base on those steps, students can the exercise correctly or choose the suitable answer Example: I saw some people Their car had broken down  I saw some people whose car had broken down (“Some people” is replaced by "their” in the second sentence with the function of possession  Use “whose”) 2.3.2.4 Rewriting sentences by reducing relative clauses or omitting relative pronouns With this type of exercises, students need: - identify the relative clause first - observe the choices and understand which is being tested: reduced form, or omission - follow the suitable steps for each to decide the correct answer Example 1: The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet A The people waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet B The people are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet C The people waited for the bus in the rain are getting wet D The peopleto wait for the bus in the rain are getting wet  Key: A (The relative clause: “who are waiting for the bus in the rain” is reduced by omitting “who” and changing verb into verb-ing) Example 2: The children whom you sent letters to are orphans A The children you sent letters are orphans B The children who you sent letters are orphans C The children you sent letters to are orphans D The children to you sent letters are orphans  Key: C (The relative clause: “whom you sent letters to” has “whom” – relative pronoun with object function in defining relative clause  can omit relative pronoun, and can’t move “to” position) 2.3.3 Some selected exercises Exercise 1: Choose the best answer [5] The young man was released after the court was found innocent of all the charges against him A who B who he C which D whose Is that the same film we watched last year? A when B which C why D who The girl I borrowed the dictionary asked me to use it carefully A whose B from whom C from whose D whom The first television picture John Logie Baird transmitted on 25 November, 1905 was a boy worked in the office next to Baird's workroom in London A which; whom B who; which C that; whose D that; who Joyce Bews, was born and grew up in Portsmouth on the south coast of England, she still lives, was 100 last year A that; in which B who; where C that; where D who; that The pollution they were talking is getting worse A that B about which C which D whom Robert Riva, an Italian player used to play for Cremonese, now coaches the Reigate under 11’s football team A when B which C where D who When I was at school, there was a girl in my class skin was so sensitive that she couldn't expose her skin to the sun even with cream on A where B whose C whom D that Unfortunately, the friend with I intended to go on holiday to Side is ill, so I'll have to cancel my trip A who B whom C where D that 10 The new stadium, will be completed next year, will seat 30,000 spectators A what B where C when D which 11 Blenheim Palace, Churchill was born, is now open to the public A when B where C which D whose 12 The man I introduced you to last night may be the next president of the university A which B whom C whose D why 13 Cathy is trustworthy She's a person upon you can always depend A who B whom C that D ∅ 14 Your career should focus on a field in you are genuinely interested A which B what C that D ∅ 15 People outlook on life is optimistic are usually happy people A whose B whom C that D which 16 The girl dress you admire has been working for an export company since she left school A who B what C whose D whom 17 One of the people arrested was Mary Arundel, is a member of the local council A that B who C whom D ∅ 18 The Titanic, Gsank in 1922, was supposed to be unsinkable A whose B that C which D who 19 The Newspaper is owned by the Mearson Group, chairman is Sir James Bex A which B that C who D whose 20 Genghis Khan, name means "very mighty ruler", was a Mongol emperor in the Middle Ages A whom B whose C who D how 21 She has two brothers, are engineer A whom both B both who C both of whom D both whom 10 22 Extinction means a situation a plant, an animal or a way of life stops existing A to which B for which C on which D in which 23 The party, I was the guest of honor, was extremely enjoyable A at that B at which C to that D to which 24 Ann has a lot of books, she has never read A most of that B most of these C most of which D which most of them 25 We have just visited disadvantaged children in an orphanage in Bac Ninh Province A located B locating C which locates D to locate 26 An endangered species is a species population is so small that it is in danger of becoming extinct A whose B which C what D who 27 Pumpkin seeds, protein and iron, are a popular snack A that B provide C which D which provide 28 He lives in a small town A Where is called Taunton B which is called Taunton C is called Taunton D that called Taunton 29 instructed me how to make a good preparation for a job interview A John Robbins to that I spoke by telephone B John Robbins, that I spoke by telephone C John Robbins I spoke to telephone D john Robbins, whom I spoke to by telephone, 30 The scientists on this project try to find the solutions to air pollution A working B worked C are working D who working Key: A 2.B 3.B D B B D B B 10 D 11 B 12 B 13 B 14.A 15 A 16 C 17 B 18 C 19 D 20 B 21.C 22 D 23 B 24 C 25 A 26 A 27 D 28.B 29 D 30 A Exercise 2: Choose the best answer [6] That’s my friend, _ comes from Japan A which B who C whom D where The plants which in the living room need a lot of water A are B be C is D was She’s the woman _ sister looks after the baby for us A who B which C that’s D whose That’s the doctor for Cliff works A that B which C whom D whose Marie, I met at the party, called me last night A that B whom C which D whose I remember Alice, rode the bus to school with A I B whom I C which I D who I used to enjoy the summer, we had a big family picnic 11 A where B when C which D that Tell me about the city you grew up A that B where C which D ø Anna found the book that wanted at the bookshop A ø B where C she D which 10 Please remember to take back to the library all the books are due this week A ø B that C when D they 11 He likes the dress Huong is wearing it A He likes the dress which Huong is wearing it B He likes the dress Huong is wearing it C He likes the dress who Huong is wearing D He likes the dress Huong is wearing 12 Most of the classmates couldn't come He invited them to the birthday party A Most of the classmates he invited to the birthday party couldn't come B Most of the classmates he was invited to the birthday party couldn't come C Most of the classmates that he invited them to the birthday party couldn't come D Most of the classmates which he invited to the birthday party couldn't come 13 What was the name of the man? You met and talked to him this morning A What was the name of the man who you met and talked to him this morning? B What was the name of the man you met and talked to this morning? C What was the name of the man you met and talked to whom this morning? D What was the name of the man whose you met and talked to this morning? 14 The church is over 500 years old Our class visited it last summer A The church which our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old B The church that our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old C The church which our class visited last summer is over 500 years old D The church our class visit last summer is over 500 years old 15 The song says about the love of two young students She is singing the song A The song which she is singing it says about the love of two young students B The song she is singing says about the love of two young students C The song says about the love of two young students which she is singing D The song says about the love of two young students that she is singing it Key: B A D C B D B B C 10 B 11 D 12 A 13 B 14 C 15 B Exercise 3: Choose the best answer [7] Mr Ken, is living next door, is a dentist A that B who C whom D what I think doctors _work in disaster areas are both unselfish and very brave A.who B.which C.they D those 2005 was the year _there was a big earthquake in Indonesia A.which B.where C.who D.when Mai is the girl _mother is an architect 12 A.who B.whose C.which D.that My older brother, was twenty-two last month, has gone to work in India A.who B.that C.he D.which India is the country he spent the early years of his life A.at which B.on which C.that D.where The girls and flowers he painted were vivid A.who B.that C.whose D.which Children always want to know the reason things are as they are A.why B.whom C.which D.who Is the first of March the day the astronaut will come and give a speech at our school? A.that B.what C.which D.when 10 Nam Dinh province, _ my uncle lives, often has hurricanes A.when B.where C.which D.that 11 Her grandmother, _ is 70, often takes exercise A what B who C where D which 12 The woman _ came here two days ago is her professor A who B which C whom D what 13 The really happy people are those _enjoy their daily work A what B who C which D where 14 Freedom is something for millions have given their lives A which B where C whom D who 15 My girlfriend loves tokbokki, _ is Korean food A which B where C whom D who 16 Peter, with _ I played video games on the weekend, was younger than me A that B who C which D whom 17 The old building is in front of my house fell down A of which B which C whose D whom 18 We’ll come in July the schools are on holiday A that B where C which D when Key: B A 3.D B A D 7.B A D 10 B 11 B 12 A 13.B 14.A 15.A 16 D 17 B 18.D Exercise 4: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences [8] The sun, is one of millions of stars in the universe, provides us with heat and light A which B what C where D that Tom made a number of suggestions, most of were very helpful A them B which C that D what What’s the name of the blonde girl _ just came in? A who B whose C whom D which The lady _ design had been chosen stepped to the platform to receive the award A whom B whose C that D which 13 I need to find a painting _ will match the rest of my room A what B whom C who D which John, _ I have known for a very long time, is one of my closest friends A whose B whom C that D which We went to Sandra’s party, _ we enjoyed very much A which B whom C that D who The women who _ in hospitals _ to be admired A work – is B work – are C works – is D works – are Several guests, _ used cars were parked outside, were waiting at the door A who B whom C whose D that 10 The land and the people I have met are nice A who B whom C that D which Key: A B 3.A 4.B D B A B C 10.C Exercise 5: Choose the correct sentences among A, B, C or D that has the same meaning as the given one [8] The woman felt proud of her husband She lived next door A The woman who living next door felt proud of her husband B The woman who lived next door felt proud of her husband C The woman who lives next door felt proud of her husband D The woman lived next door felt proud of her husband The pilot left the plane Everyone had left before him A The pilot was the next to leave the plane B The pilot was the last person to leave the plane C The pilot was the last person that leaves the plane D Everyone had left before the pilot who left last John Smith is a farmer I bought his land A John Smith, whose land I bought, is a farmer B John Smith, who is a farmer, whose land I bought C John Smith, whom I bought his land, is a farmer D John Smith, a farmer, bought his land The house is for sale I was born in it A The house in which I was born is for sale B The house which I was born is for sale C The house that I was born is for sale D The house in where I was born is for sale The man was shot in the bank robbery The doctors are operating on him A The man was shot in the bank robbery where the doctors are operating on him B The man whom the doctors are operating on him was shot in the bank robbery C The man was whom the doctors are operating on him shot in the bank robbery D The doctors are operating on the man who was shot in the bank robbery The girl living next door to me is getting married next year A The girl that lives next door to me is getting married next year B The girl lives next door to me is getting married next year 14 C The girl lives next door to me gets married next year D The girl who is living next door to me getting married next year Anyone who misses more than fifty percent of the classes deserves to fail A More than fifty percent is too much for one class B Fifty percent of the classes have failed the exams C People who fail must make up fifty percent of the classwork D Those who are absent more than half the time should fail We bought two bicycles Neither of them worked well A We bought two bicycles which neither of worked well B We bought two bicycles neither of that worked well C We bought two bicycles, of which neither worked well D We bought two bicycles, neither of which worked well David drove so fast; it was very dangerous A David drove so fast, which was very dangerous B David drove so fast and was very dangerous C David drove so fast, then was very dangerous D David drove so fast that was very dangerous 10 Who is the woman? The woman is in the white dress A Who is the woman who is in the white dress? B Who is the woman whom is in the white dress? C Who is the woman is in the white dress? D Who is the woman whose is in the white dress? Key: B B A A D A D D A 10.A 2.4 Experimental results In my teaching process in the school year 2020 - 2021, I applied this topic in my teaching for students at high school As a result, it has been proved to be effective It has made students more confident to exercises By following the steps mentioned above, students not have to spend a lot of time doing the exercises about relative clauses They did exercises related to relative clauses better, although there were some very difficult sentences At the end of the school year, I had a test about relative clauses for students of the three classes: 12A3, 12A4 and 11B8 And the result was much better in comparison with that at the beginning of the school year Class Number of students Rank Excellent 11B8 47 Good Average Doing exercises Before applying After applying Number of % Number of % students students 6.39 10.64 15 13 31.91 27.66 18 17 38.30 36.17 15 Week 16 34.04 14.89 19 18 0.00 7.50 47.50 45.00 0.00 23 11 0.00 15.00 57.50 27.50 0.00 12A3 40 Excellent Good Average Week Excellent 12A4 35 Good 14.29 22.86 Average Week 13 17 37.14 48.57 18 51.43 25.71 My colleagues’ comments: This was an effective teaching lesson The steps for each type really help students to exercises about relative clauses more easily and exactly My students’ results: During learning process, most of the students felt motivated At the end of the lesson, after marking and analysing the result, I felt quite satisfied as more students have good and average grade Conclusion and proposal 3.1 Conclusion After applying this topic, I myself have achieved quite good results and valuable experiences for myself as follows: Usually the grammar learning is often unattractive, with a lot of knowledge, teachers should create a joyful, exciting, and creating atmosphere, asking questions that will evoke knowledge about students’ studies to draw their attention to the lesson to help reduce the stress and academic pressure Teachers must always create a foreign language environment during class hours and must use English as the main language for communication Depending on the grade and type of students, teachers can use short, simple, easy to understand, easy to memorize English sentences Teachers must always encourage students to use English in communication with the knowledge they have learned With what I have suggested above, I hope that teachers and students will be more interested in this field and will find this task less and less hard I have tried my best in this study with an aim to share my tiny experience with all colleagues However, mistakes and shortcomings are unavoidable So any remarks will be warmly welcomed I hope that this theme would have some value to both teachers and students in their language teaching and learning process 3.2 Proposal At present, some information in textbooks has become no longer new, updated, and a few contents are no longer suitable for the fast-growing trend of society Early expectation of Ministry of Education and Training to complete a new set of textbooks in accordance with the social situation, learning needs, avoiding reducing knowledge load Organizing training for teachers to create readiness for teachers when teaching books under the new program 16 For myself, I promise to continue to inherit and promote the achieved results of the implementation of the topic, and at the same time constantly learn from experience, overcome difficulties in teaching to meet Reform the curriculum and teaching methods of the Ministry of Education and Training Sincerely thank you! THE CONFIRMATION OF Thanh Hoa, May 15th 2021 THE HEADMASTER I hereby declare that this is my experience initiative and no parts of the initiative have been copied or reproduced by me from any other’s work without acknowledgement Writer NGUYỄN THỊ HOA 17 References Destination C1 & C2 – Grammar & Vocabulary with answer key – Malcolm Mann – Steve Taylore-Knowles – MACMILIAN [1] https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/relative-clauses [2] 25 chuyên đề ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh trọng tâm – Trang Anh [5] https://vndoc.com/menh-de-quan-he-relative-clauses-84971 [7] https://kienthuctienganh.com/ngu-phap/menh-de-quan-he/ [6] Công phá Tiếng Anh – Đỗ Thị Mai Chi – Bùi Danh Toàn – Phan Thị Ngọc Anh – Đinh Thị Hoa Sen – Lương Văn Thùy [8] Đề thi thức THPTQG 2020-Bộ giáo dục & đào tạo [3] Đề thi thức THPTQG 2018-Bộ giáo dục & đào tạo [4] 18 ... the theme "GUIDING STUDENTS TO IDENTIFY AND DO EXERCISES ABOUT RELATIVE CLAUSES IN GCSE EXAMINATIONS" in my experience initiative to help them reinforce and practice grammar effectively and achieve... subject of the clause and refers to “the woman” There are two types of relative clauses: Defining relative clauses and Nondefining relative clauses 2.1.1.2.1 Defining Relative Clauses [1] These tell... Solutions 2.3.1 Guiding students to identify and solve exercises Students have to understand the use of relative pronouns/ adverbs and relative clauses, learn by heart the uses of each relative pronoun/