Tài liệu Module 8: Case Study Implementing Budget Allocations pptx

Contents Overview 1 Allocating Values from a Grand Total 2 Lab A: Allocating Values from a Grand Total 6 Allocating Values from a Subtotal 10 Lab B: Allocating Values from a Subtotal 16 Allocating Values Across Multiple Dimensions22 Lab C: Allocating Values Across Multiple Dimensions 30 Review 35 Module 8: Case Study—Implementing Budget Allocations BETA MATERIALS FOR MICROSOFT CERTIFIED TRAINER PREPARATION PURPOSES ONLY Information in this document is subject to change without notice. The names of companies, products, people, characters, and/or data mentioned herein are fictitious and are in no way intended to represent any real individual, company, product, or event, unless otherwise noted. Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the responsibility of the user. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of Microsoft Corporation. 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The names of companies, products, people, characters, and/or data mentioned herein are fictitious and are in no way intended to represent any real individual, company, product, or event, unless otherwise noted. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners. Module 8: Case Study—Implementing Budget Allocations iii BETA MATERIALS FOR MICROSOFT CERTIFIED TRAINER PREPARATION PURPOSES ONLY Instructor Notes This module is a case study where you and the students will work through a single, complex project. In the course of the module, students apply many concepts and specific multidimensional expressions (MDX) functions they have learned in previous modules. The assignment is to allocate Budget Units based on Actual Units. Analysts in a fictional company have already entered Budget Units values at a high level into a Sales Budget cube. In the Market database, the Sales Actual and Budget cubes have been joined in a virtual cube named Actual and Budget. The student’s job is to allocate the Budget Units in the new Actual and Budget virtual cube to the lowest levels of all the dimensions based on the patterns of Actual Units that are contained in the same cube. Actual Units reflect historical sales patterns. Allocating Budget Units to lower levels based on historical sales patterns is a typical budget methodology. In addition to allocating budgets to lower levels, students will also create expressions that roll up—or aggregate—the lower-level budgeted units back to higher levels. After completing this module, students will be able to: ! Allocate values from a grand total across a dimension. ! Allocate values from an intermediate level across a dimension. ! Create a calculated member that allocates values across three dimensions. Materials and Preparation This section provides you with the required materials and preparation tasks that are needed to teach this module. Required Materials To teach this module, you need the following materials: ! Microsoft ® PowerPoint ® file 2093A_08.ppt Preparation Tasks To prepare for this module, you should: ! Read all of the materials for this module. ! Read the instructor notes and margin notes. ! Practice the lecture and demonstration. ! Complete the labs. ! Review the Teacher Preparation materials on the Teacher Preparation compact disc. Presentation: 80 Minutes Labs: 120 Minutes iv Module 8: Case Study—Implementing Budget Allocations BETA MATERIALS FOR MICROSOFT CERTIFIED TRAINER PREPARATION PURPOSES ONLY Instructor Setup for Group Activities and Labs This section provides setup instructions that are required to prepare the instructor computer or classroom configuration for group activities and labs. All group activities and labs use the same database setup, which requires restoring a database archive. ! To prepare for group activities and labs In this procedure, you restore the Market database, which is a .cab file type. 1. Start Analysis Manager. 2. In the left pane, expand the Analysis Services folder. 3. Expand the Server icon and verify that the Market database does not exist. 4. Right-click the Server icon, and then click Restore Database. 5. Navigate to the C:\Moc\2093A\Batches folder. 6. Select Market.cab, click Open, and then click Restore. If the Market database already exists from a previous group exercise or lab, and cubes within the database contain extraneous information, you can return the Market database and its cubes to a beginning position by either: Deleting any calculated members that were created in a specific cube, and then saving the cube. - or - Repeating the preceding restore database procedure. Module 8: Case Study—Implementing Budget Allocations v BETA MATERIALS FOR MICROSOFT CERTIFIED TRAINER PREPARATION PURPOSES ONLY Other Activities Difficult Questions The following list presents several difficult questions that students may ask you during the delivery of this module and answers to the questions. These materials delve into subjects that are in the scope of the module but may not be specifically addressed in the content of the student notes. 1. When you allocate a budget, are the allocated values stored in the cube? No. As with all calculated members, the allocations are calculated only for cells that actually appear in a browser or a report. Any cells that are not displayed are not allocated. 2. If the Sales Budget cube does not even contain a State dimension, where did the All State values come from in the Actual and Budget cube? If you think of a dimension as subdividing a value, then the All level for a dimension is the same as not having the dimension at all. Because the State dimension did not exist in the Sales Budget cube, the only possible value in the virtual cube is the non-subdivided All level value. 3. The query samples show one member each from multiple levels on the Rows axis. Is it possible to get that effect by using the Microsoft Office PivotTable ® list? Yes. Move a dimension to the Rows axis and display all the levels. Click the drop-down arrow next to the button for the top level. Clear the check boxes for all the members you do not want to see. The Office PivotTable list requires one column for each level, even if there is only one member in each column, and you must explicitly hide each member you don’t want to see. 4. Why does the expression Ancestor(Product,Category) work? Doesn’t the Ancestor function require a member for the first argument? The CurrentMember function is the default function for a dimension. If a member is needed and you enter a dimension, the CurrentMember function is assumed. 5. Why do you need to use the Crossjoin function when aggregating more than two dimensions? Why cannot you just sum the values from the two sets? The Sum function—as with essentially all aggregation functions— allows you to enter a single set. You can think of it as a query with a single axis. If you need to summarize detail values that are calculated at the intersection of two or more dimensions, you must combine the sets from those dimensions into a single set, which is what the Crossjoin function does. 6. What is the difference between the CoalesceEmpty function and the combination of IIF and IsEmpty functions? You could replace CoalesceEmpty with a combination of IIF and IsEmpty. The CoalesceEmpty function avoids the need to duplicate the value expression, and it also allows you to combine a series of tests in a single function. vi Module 8: Case Study—Implementing Budget Allocations BETA MATERIALS FOR MICROSOFT CERTIFIED TRAINER PREPARATION PURPOSES ONLY Module Strategy This module is one extended case study project, broken into three steps. Each step is a section, and each section becomes more complex. The final calculated member is extremely complex. Major sections of this module begin with a group activity followed by a lab. The following are guidelines for delivering materials in the context of group activities: ! Using group activities to introduce new content You often introduce new concepts or functionality while delivering the procedures within a group activity as a live demonstration. For example, you may present a new MDX function by showing first its construction and then its result set as an actual calculated member formula or within a query statement. Use the topic slides that follow the group activity as a review of the content—for example, the syntax of a specific function. ! Interaction with students A group activity flows best when you deliver it as a shared exploration. Ask students such questions as: “What would happen if we…?” “Why did this happen?” “Was that what you expected?” Encourage students to ask you questions about the functions being tested. ! Discouraging students from following along Because of the complexity of the issues and the challenging nature of the labs that immediately follow the group activities in this module, it is recommended that students do not follow along with the instructor in the group activities in this module. Encourage students to focus on the content and structures you are building in the demonstration. ! Lab replication of group activity The exercises in the labs closely follow the group activity procedures but do not define each step or show the code answer. Encourage students to write and test the MDX expressions on their own, referring back to the group activity procedures for clarification. Students may also refer to answer files, which are available for each procedure in an exercise. ! Answer files for group activities Where applicable, answer files are provided for each procedure in a group activity. If necessary to facilitate your demonstration, copy and paste the correct expression from the answer file into the Calculated Member Builder. Module 8: Case Study—Implementing Budget Allocations vii BETA MATERIALS FOR MICROSOFT CERTIFIED TRAINER PREPARATION PURPOSES ONLY Use the following additional strategies to present this module: ! Allocating Values from a Grand Total Explain to students that they will be allocating Budget Units, which exist at the grand total level, to Actual Units, which exist in the cube at the lowest levels of detail. Describe the two-part process that accomplishes this: first create allocation ratios and then multiply the grand total values by the allocation ratios to create detailed values. ! Allocating Values from a Subtotal Tell students that this section is an extension of the previous section— Product, another dimension, is being added to the allocation process. Explain that budgets for Product are entered at an intermediate level, thereby complicating the allocation process. Describe the process that allows them to allocate based on a subtotal—first use the Ancestor function to find the subtotal to allocate, allocate to lower levels—as in the previous section—and then aggregate to the higher levels by using the Sum function in conjunction with the Descendants function. ! Allocating Values Across Multiple Dimensions Explain to students that in this section, they will build on the calculated member that they created in the previous sections to now include a third dimension—the Time.Calendar dimension. Explain that to include more than one dimension in the set for a Sum function, they will use the Crossjoin function to join the sets from the individual dimensions. Finish by telling students that they will also use the CoalesceEmpty function to determine whether they actually need to calculate a cell. Module 8: Case Study—Implementing Budget Allocations 1 BETA MATERIALS FOR MICROSOFT CERTIFIED TRAINER PREPARATION PURPOSES ONLY Overview ! Allocating Values from a Grand Total ! Allocating Values from a Subtotal ! Allocating Values Across Multiple Dimensions This module is a case study in which you and the instructor will work through a single, complex project. In the course of the module, you apply many concepts and specific multidimensional expressions (MDX) functions that you have learned in previous modules. The assignment is to allocate Budget Units based on Actual Units. Analysts in a fictional company have already entered Budget Units values at a high level into a Sales Budget cube. In the Market database, the Sales Actual and Budget cubes have been joined in a virtual cube named Actual and Budget. Your job is to allocate the Budget Units in the new Actual and Budget virtual cube to the lowest levels of all the dimensions based on the patterns of Actual Units that are contained in the same cube. Actual Units reflect historical sales patterns. Allocating Budget Units to lower levels based on historical sales patterns is a typical budget methodology. In addition to allocating budgets to lower levels, you will also create expressions that roll up—or aggregate—the lower-level budgeted units back to higher levels. After completing this module, you will be able to: ! Allocate values from a grand total across a dimension. ! Allocate values from an intermediate level across a dimension. ! Create a calculated member that allocates values across three dimensions. Topic Objective To provide an overview of the module topics and objectives. Lead-in This module is a case study in which you and the instructor will work through a single, complex project. 2 Module 8: Case Study—Implementing Budget Allocations BETA MATERIALS FOR MICROSOFT CERTIFIED TRAINER PREPARATION PURPOSES ONLY Allocating Values from a Grand Total ! Start with Existing Values # Actual units at all levels # Budget units at total level ! Calculate Allocation # Allocation ratio—current actual divided by total actual # Allocated budget units—total budget multiplied by allocation ratio In this section, you will carry out the task of allocating values entered at a total level. Start with Existing Values In the Actual and Budget virtual cube, Actual Units exist at all levels of the State dimension. Budget Units, however, exist only at the total, or All State, level. When you create new values by using an allocation process, you need to have an allocation basis—that is, some frame of reference that can be used to define how the allocation process should work. In this case, the allocation basis Actual Units. The relative quantity of Actual Units at the lowest levels serves as the basis for allocating Budget Units down to the lowest levels of the State dimension. Calculate Allocation The specific formula for each cell of the allocated budget consists of two steps: ! Divide the Actual Units for the current member of the State dimension by the Actual Units value for All State to create a series of allocation ratios. This ratio is a percentage of total calculation, which you learned in a previous module. ! Multiply the allocation ratio for the current member of the State dimension by the Budget Units value for All State to create the allocated budget. Topic Objective To define, conceptually, how the allocation formula is constructed. Lead-in Now you will learn how to allocate values at a higher level to values at the detail level. Delivery Tip This slide topic sets important foundations for the following group activity. Review the concepts and procedures carefully and check that students understand. [...]... BETA MATERIALS FOR MICROSOFT CERTIFIED TRAINER PREPARATION PURPOSES ONLY Module 8: Case Study Implementing Budget Allocations 9 Run the query, and then verify that the result grid appears similar to the following table BETA MATERIALS FOR MICROSOFT CERTIFIED TRAINER PREPARATION PURPOSES ONLY 10 Module 8: Case Study Implementing Budget Allocations Allocating Values from a Subtotal Topic Objective To explain... ONLY Module 8: Case Study Implementing Budget Allocations 5 2 Run the query Delivery Tip WithAllocationD.txt in C:\MOC\2093A\Demo\D08\ Answers contains the completed MDX expression for this procedure In the Allocated Budget column, the result set shows the percent each state contributes to the total for Actual Units ! To allocate a budget over an entire dimension In this procedure, you allocate the Budget. .. ONLY 4 Module 8: Case Study Implementing Budget Allocations 4 In the MDX Builder, in the DB list select the Market database, and then in the Cube list select the Actual and Budget cube The initial query, Grand Total Allocation, looks like this: Delivery Tip WithBudgetD.txt in C:\MOC\2093A\Demo\D08\ Answers contains the completed MDX expression for this procedure WITH MEMBER Measures.[Allocated Budget] ... values from lower-level allocations Prerequisites Before working on this lab, you must have successfully completed modules 1 through 7 in course 2093A, Implementing Business Logic with MDX in Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Estimated time to complete this lab: 40 minutes BETA MATERIALS FOR MICROSOFT CERTIFIED TRAINER PREPARATION PURPOSES ONLY Module 8: Case Study Implementing Budget Allocations 17 Exercise... Ancestor(Product,Category), Ancestor(Time.Calendar,[Calendar Quarter])))' 2 Run the query The month level allocations should look correct now BETA MATERIALS FOR MICROSOFT CERTIFIED TRAINER PREPARATION PURPOSES ONLY 26 Module 8: Case Study Implementing Budget Allocations 3 Scroll to see the year level allocations The year level allocations are now empty The Sum function aggregates the higher-level values based on the... BETA MATERIALS FOR MICROSOFT CERTIFIED TRAINER PREPARATION PURPOSES ONLY 14 Module 8: Case Study Implementing Budget Allocations ! To allocate Budget Units at the Category level Delivery Tip WithAllProdD.txt in C:\MOC\2093A\D08\Answers contains the completed MDX expression for this procedure In this procedure, you allocate budget units based on a subtotal value The task is to allocate over the products... Prerequisites Before working on this lab, you must have successfully completed modules 1 through 7 in course 2093A, Implementing Business Logic with MDX in Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000 Estimated time to complete this lab: 40 minutes BETA MATERIALS FOR MICROSOFT CERTIFIED TRAINER PREPARATION PURPOSES ONLY Module 8: Case Study Implementing Budget Allocations 7 Exercise 1 Creating an Allocation Calculated Member Delivery... and Booker Cheese Spread? Because the Allocated Budget member does not reference the Product dimension, so it uses the current member, which is Empty BETA MATERIALS FOR MICROSOFT CERTIFIED TRAINER PREPARATION PURPOSES ONLY 18 Module 8: Case Study Implementing Budget Allocations ! To allocate a budget across the entire Product dimension In... [Actual AND Budget] 2 Run the query, and then verify that the result grid appears similar to the following table BETA MATERIALS FOR MICROSOFT CERTIFIED TRAINER PREPARATION PURPOSES ONLY Module 8: Case Study Implementing Budget Allocations 19 3 Why is the Allocated Budget number... [Actual AND Budget] BETA MATERIALS FOR MICROSOFT CERTIFIED TRAINER PREPARATION PURPOSES ONLY 20 Module 8: Case Study Implementing Budget Allocations 2 Run the query, and then verify that the result grid appears similar to the following table ! To allocate a correct budget over . vi Module 8: Case Study Implementing Budget Allocations BETA MATERIALS FOR MICROSOFT CERTIFIED TRAINER PREPARATION PURPOSES ONLY Module Strategy This module. herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners. Module 8: Case Study Implementing Budget Allocations iii BETA MATERIALS FOR MICROSOFT CERTIFIED