den viec cic nUdc Nam My da quyet dinh thinh lap Hpi ddng Phdng thu Nam My vao thdi diem Bd Tu lenh phUdng Nam yeu ciu tang cUdng vai trd My Latinh trong chinh sich cua My va Liu Na[r]
(1)CHINH TRi - LUAT
'••;
CHINH SACH DOI NGOAI CUA CAC NlTflfC MY LATINH
Sau Chien t r a n h l a n h va nha't la vao t h a p m e n d i u t h e ky XXI, h i u h e t c i c nUdc My L a t i n h deu t a p t r u n g nd liic n h d m t h o a t khoi t i n h t r a n g k h u n g h o a n g , ngheo ddi de tien len, Hp da thiic t h i n h d n g cai each ve k i n h te, c h i n h t r i - xa hpi, cung nhU chinh sach dd'i ngdai, Sii t h i n g the cua phong t r a o c a n h ta d n h i e u nUdc My L a t i n h da thdi mpt ludng gid mdi cho qua t r i n h cung c d v a p h i t trien xu t h e d a n tpc dpc lap cua c i c nUdc trdng k h u viic
De thiic hien cd hieu qua viec cdng cd' va p h i t t r i e n xu t h e d a n tpc dpc l i p , ben c a n h viec Uu tien n h a m gid dn d i n h c h i n h tri theo h u d n g thdc day t u dd, dan chd; t a p t r u n g sdc phuc hdi va p h i t t r i e n k i n h te; giai quyet cac van de bdc, xuc t r e n g xa hpi n h u b a t binh d i n g , n a n n g h e e dei, t h a t nghiep, n a n t h a m n h u n g , n a n g cao ddi sd'ng cua ngUdi lad ddng, nha't la cua t a n g Idp n g h e e , cdc nUdc My
Latinh deu chu trUdng thi/c hien chinh sdch dd'i ngoai theo hUdng ddc lap tu chu, de cao ldi ich qudc gia, ddn tdc; da dqng hda, da phi/dng hda quan he, t h e hien k h u y n h h u d n g ddc l i p
hdn vdi My; t a n g cUdng lien ket, hdp t i c k h u viic; u n g he q u a t r i n h dan chu hda cac q u a n he qud'c te v i cai td Lien hdp qud'c; d a u t r a n h chd mdt t r a t tii t h e gidi mdi da ciic, d a n chu v i binh ddng, vi h d i binh, ddc lap dan tpc, dan chu va tien be xa hpi
Ts Le KhUdng Thuy
Vien Nghien ciiu Chdu My
Vay n h d n g n h a n td' nad chi phdi viec c i c nUdc My L a t i n h liia chpn c h i n h s i c h dd'i ngoai dd? Lieu c6 moi lien q u a n nao gida sii b d n g nd phdng trad c a n h t a vdi sii lUa chpn chinh sach dd'i ngdai cua c i c nUdc My L a t i n h ? Va viec thiic thi chinh sach do'i ngoai dd nhu t h e n a o ? De t r a ldi chd n h d n g cau hdi nay, t r d n g b i i viet, c h u n g tdi se t a p t r u n g vao cac npi d u n g c h i n h sau: 1/ Su t h a y ddi t i n h h i n h qud'c te; 2/ N h d n g n g u y e n n h a n chu yeu dUa den viec liia chpn chinh s i c h tii chu, da d a n g hda, da phUdng hda q u a n he d c i c nUdc My L a t i n h ; 3/ Muc tieu v i sii trien khai chinh s i c h dd'i ngoai
1 Nhdfng n g u y e n n h a n t a c d o n g d e n si^ h i n h t h a n h c h i n h s a c h doi n g o a i c i i a c a c nifdc My L a t i n h
a) Bdi cdnh qudc te
Chien t r a n h L a n h ket t h u c , xu the hoa diu, hda h o a n chie'm Uu the q u a n he gida cac qud'c gia, dan tpc t r e n t h e gidi da tao r a mdi trUdng qud'c te hda b i n h p h i t trien Dd la cd hpi de cac nUdc My L a t i n h cd the tap t r u n g xay diing va p h a t trien d i t nUdc t r e n g dd p h a t t r i e n k i n h te dupc dat len Uu tien h a n g d a u
(2)phat tridn dUa da't nude theat khdi ndi chien va ddi ngheo, da manh dan thiic hien nhdng cai each ve kinh te va chinh tri, thiic thi chinh sach ddi ngoai theo hudng thuc day khd'i doan ket My Latinh, tang cudng lien ket khu viic va md rpng quan he hdu nghi vdi ta't ca cac nUde, hdp t i e va hpi nhap cang ndi trdi Giao sU Gabriel Tokatlian thupc Khoa Quan he qud'c te Juan, TrUdng dai hpc San Andre, Buenos Aires da nhan xet: " mdt sii ket hdp cua ngudn liic sdn cd, tinh the t h u i n lpi va quyet tam chinh tri dudng nhU dang khich le Nam My di theo dudng giam dan sii phu thupc vao My",' va: "Hau nhU ti't ca cac chinh phu Nam My hien tai deu dang hudng tdi nhdng thay ddi quan trpng, bat chi'p cac he tU tudng khac Trong khu viic cd sii cdng tdn tai hda binh cua quyen liic mdi ndi tren the gidi (Brazil), nhdng quyen liic khu viic vdi tham vpng mdi (Argentina va Venezuela), nhdng quyen liic tam trung cd anh hUdng (Colombia va Peru), quyen liic nhd nhUng hap dan (Chile) hay nhdng nUdc ben le dang mud'n cd them tieng ndi khu viic (Bolivia, Ecuador va Uruguay), Phan ldn cac chinh phu deu bay td nhdng md'i quan tam dac biet tdi cac van de qud'c te, va vdi nhdng phUdng thdc khac nhau, deu tim each da dang hoa va cung cd cic md'i quan he ddi ngoai cua minh, Md'i lien ket nhdng y chi cd the giup khu viic vUdt qua khd khan va tan dung nhdng cd hpi bdi canh the gidi mang lai."^ Hdn nda, cac nUdc My Latinh dang hpi nhap vao nen kinh te the gidi the ky XXI vdi tU each "mpt sieu cUdng sinh thai: vdi sii da dang sinh hpc ky dieu cua minh; mpt sieu cUdng ve lu'dng thiic, thiic p h i m , xet ca ve tinh da dang, sd' lu'dng va chat lupng; va mdt quyen lUc cd anh
hudng Hnh viic nang lUdng: khd'i lupng dau phong phu cua cac nUdc vung Andes dUdc bd sung bang trd lupng ldn mdi dUdc phat hien cua Brazil, tiem liic nhien lieu sinh hpc ldn cua cae nUdc phia nam Nam My va thoa t h u a n mdi day ve phat trien nang lu'dng hat n h a n gida Brazil va Argentina Nhu c i u qud'c te ve cac san pham cua khu viic, gia ca d mdc kha cae cua nhdng mat hang nay, va sU dn dinh tUdng dd'i san xua't va cung dng trao cho Nam My mpt vai trd kha ndi bat tren san khau kinh te - chinh tri the gidi".^
b) Nhdn toMy d My Latinh ' '
(3)nhU: chu n g h i a cdng s i n thdi ky Chien t r a n h L a n h k h u n g b e i n g k i n h te, cac p h o n g t r a o k h a n g chien, ma tuy, n h a p cU Day la n h d n g v a n de de dpa triic tiep den ldi ich cua My t r d n g k h u viic, T r e n thiic te, nhieu nudc My L a t i n h deu cd q u a n he m a t t h i e t va t u a n theo sii chi dao cua My ca ve m a t k i n h t e v a c h i n h t r i
Tuy nhien, n h d n g "quan tam" cua My da khdng gidp cho cic nUdc My Latinh p h a t trien, ma ngUpc lai, chi dem lai ldi ich chd My va gidi t i i phiet d cic nUdc My Latinh, Vi the, nd da khien cho tinh cam chd'ng My cang p h i t trien d cac nude My La tinh va thdc day cac nha lanh dae My Latinh tim kiem cdn dudng p h i t trien dec lap de giam bdt sii phu thupc vad My
c) Su thdt bai cua md hinh kinh te tu mdi d My Latinh
T d t h a p ky 1970, sdng sdng vdi n h d n g chUdng t r i n h cua My vdi chien dich tieu diet liic lUdng c i n h ta d My L a t i n h , c i c nUdc My L a t i n h hi de nen bdi chu n g h i a tii dd mdi - mpt hinh thdc bdc lot cua c h u n g h i a t u b i n Tu tudng chu dad cua "chu n g h i a tii mdi" la xda bd n h a nifdc phdc ldi; khdng can t h i e p v i e k i n h te t i i chinh; t h i trUdng d u n g quy l u a t cung cau de tii dieu chinh, s i p xep s a n xua't va tieu d u n g , lao ddng v i tien lUdng, xua't k h a u va n h i p k h a u ; tU h d u hda t d i n bp h e thd'ng n e n k i n h te v i khdng c i n s a n xua't t h a y t h e n h a p k h a u N h d n g bien p h i p 'kinh te cda chu n g h i a tii mdi do-difdc ap d u n g d cac qud'c gia My L a t i n h t r d n g g i n ba t h a p ky da n g a y c a n g bdc Id n h d n g yeu kem Dac biet, cupc k h u n g b e i n g nd n a m 1982 da gay r a mdt t h a p ky t a n g trUdng d i n h dd'n va l a m p h a t cao, Sau g i n 30 n a m theo md h i n h nay, ngoai n h d n g k e t q u a k i n h te nha't dinh d mpt sd qud'c gia, h i u h e t cac
nUdc deu l a m vao t i n h t r a n g k h u n g h o a n g s a u sac: k i n h te tri tre, nd nUdc ngdai t a n g n h a n h , Vi vay, mo hinh k i n h te chu n g h i a tii m6i da hi sup dd theo ca n g h i a k i n h t e v a chinh tri,
d) Su hinh thdnh phong trdo cdnh td vd chinh sdch ddi ngoai mdi
Bdi c a n h cua n h d n g bien dpng qud'c te va ndi t a i k h u ' viic la cd sd k h i c h q u a n cho sii h i n h t h a n h xu the thien ta v i t h u c d i y xu t h e trd t h i n h trad lUu c i n h t a hien n a y d My L a t i n h , O n h i e u nUde My L a t i n h , c i c chinh p h u c a n h h d u da p h i i nhUdng chd chd c i c liic lUdng c a n h t i len nam quyen, C h a n g h a n n h u , Teng thdhg D, Ortega d N i c a r a g u a , Tdng thd'ng R,Cdrrea d Ecuador; Tdng thd'ng "H, Chavez t i i dac cU d Venezuela; P h u n h a n Tdng thd'ng dUdng nhiem C r i s t i n a F e r n i n d e z gianh t h a n g ldi t r e n g b i u cU d A r g e n t i n a , len c i m quyen n h i e m ky 2007-2011; d n g cU vien Tdng thd'ng Alvaro Colom k h u y n h h u d n g t r u n g ta g i i n h t h a n g ldi t r o n g b a u cU tai G u a t e m a l a , n a n g tdng so chinh p h u c i n h ta tai chau luc len den so' 10,
Ve ddi ndi c i c chinh quyen c i n h ta
chu trUdng Uu tien en dinh chinh tri t h e e h u d n g t h u c day tii dd, dan chu; t a p t r u n g p h u c hdi v i p h a t trien kinh te; giai quyet c i c v i n de bdc xdc xa hpi n h u b a t b i n h dang, ngheo ddi, t h a t nghiep, t h a m n h u n g , n a n g cao ddi sd'ng cua ngUdi lao dpng, n h a t la cua t a n g Idp ngheo Den nay, c i c chinh p h u c i n h ta t r o n g k h u viic deu tien h a n h , d mdc dp k h i c n h a u , cic cupc cai c i c h ve k i n h te - xa hpi v i chinh tri m a n g t i n h d a n tpc, dan chd v i tien bp xa hdi, bao d a m quyen dan sinh, d a n chu cho ngUdi dan,
Ve ddi ngoqi, thiic te che thi'y,
(4)phu canh ta da the hien khuynh hudng dpc lap hdn vdi My va thiic hien chinh sach dd'i ngoai nhu da dUdc neu d tren.''
Xua't phat td sii thay ddi cua tinh hinh qud'c te va nhdng nguyen nhan chu yeu neu tren da thdc day manh me sii phat t n e n cua phong t r i o canh ta d cac nUdc My Latinh cung nhu viec ti't yeu dua den sii liia chpn chinh sach dd'i ngoai mdi phu hdp vdi xu the chung cua thdi dai ndi chung, va nhu cau npi tai cua cac nude My Latinh ndi rieng,
e) NhUng tdc dqng khdc
Them vao dd, mdt loat nhdng t i c nhan quan trpng khac nhU nhdng t i c dpng cua cac cupc khung hoang lien tiep nhU:
+ Cupc khung hoang nang lifdng the gidi nam 1973-1974, tiep theo la cupc khung hoang np nam 1982, cupc khung hoang d Mexico nam 1995, cupc khung hoang tai chinh d chau A nam 1997 va cupc khung heang d Brazil nam 1998, da lam t r i m trpng hdn tinh t r a n g nd n i n , nghed ddi d My Latinh,
+ Khung hoang kinh te My vao d i u nhdng nam 1990 va nam 2001-2002, nhi't la cupc khung hoang kinh te hien da va dang tac dpng manh den sii phat trien kinh te cua cac nUdc My Latinh vd'n phu thupc nhieu vao My, Cac nen kinh te' kem phat trien d Trung Nam My Latinh phu thupc hoan toan vao My, cdn cac nen kinh te ldn nhu Brazil, Venezuela, cung bi anh hudng nhieu, d cac mdc dp khac
2 M u c t i e u v a si^ t r i e n k h a i c h i n h s a c h doi n g o a i m d i cvia c a c nifdfc My L a t i n h
a) Muc tiiu chinh sdch ddi ngoqi: Cac nifdc My Latinh tap trung
vao cac muc tieu cu the sau:
Ben trong: Tang cUdng tinh ddc lap tii
chu cua mdi nUdc, giam sii phu thudc vao My; Uu tien thuc day hpi nhap lien ket khu vUc thdng qua tang cudng quan he hdp tac gida cac nUdc khu viic vdi theo tinh than doan ket, hd trd Cling phat trien, nha't la treng linh vUc nang lUpng; phan ddi ky Hiep dinh ThUdng mai Tii chau My (FTAA) My khdi xUdng;
Ben ngodi: Tang cUdng va md rpng
quan he vdi cac nUdc, cac khu viic khac tren the gidi theo phUdng cham da dang hda, da phUPng hda quan he Cu the la chu trUPng thuc diy doan ket, hdp t i c va hpi nhap ca ve chinh tri va kinh te vUdt khdi chau My, vUdn EU, Nga, chau A - Thai Binh Dudng, khu viic phat trien nang ddng vdi cac nen kinh te' ldn nhU N h i t Ban, Trung Qud'c mdi trdi day va An Dp, tieu bieu nhU: Hdi nghi thUdng dinh My Latinh vdi EU va vdi chau Phi, Didn dan hdp tic Ddng A - My Latinh (FEALAC)
b) Su trien khai chinh sdch ddi ngoqi mdi: Chinh sach dd'i ngoai mdi
da dupe cic My Latinh trien khai theo cic npi dung chinh sau day:
* Ddc lap tu chu vd gidm bdt sU phu
thudc vdo My: nhdng nam d i u
(5)My Latinh cung len tieng phan dd'i hanh ddng quan sU cua Colombia tren lanh thd cua Ecuador Cic nha phan tich chinh tri cho ring, nguyen nhan sau xa cua nhdng cang thing, phdc tap quan he ngoai giao gida Colombia vdi Ecuador va Venezuela la mdi quan he vdi My Dac biet dd'i vdi viec My tien hanh chien tranh Iraq, tdng sd 34 nUdc vien OAS, chi cd nUdc tham gia vao lien minh vdi My Nhdng nUdc khic cd nhdng t h i i dp rieng: Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Venezuela, Argentina va Peru the hien sii phan dd'i rd rang, Nhdng nUdc lai khdng tan ddng hanh dpng nay, nhUng it cUdng quyet hdn, Tdng thdng Luis Lula da Silva cua Brazil da chd r i n g "thai dp cua ngUdi ddng nhiem My Ii thieu ten trpng Lien Hiep quo'c",
Tinh cim chd'ng My ngiy cang gia tang cua cic xa hdi My Latinh cd the cd nhdng ly giai ly, nhien trUdc tien nd mang yeu to' cam tinh, Ngay nay, viec nhdng nUdc n i y td chdi di theo md hinh My Ii da rd ring, Dd'i vdi nhdng xa hpi nay, ket cue bi tham nhdng chinh sich cua IMF, t i c dpng tieu ciic cua q u i trinh toan cau hda ciing nhU tinh trang khung hoang cua cac nUdc khu viic cd chung mpt ngudn gd'c dd la: each thdc hanh xd cua My thdng qua viec ap dat chinh sich ngoai giao, md hinh kinh te va xa hdi cua hp Tham chi de chd'ng lai My, hoac chi it la de can bing quan he vdi My, mdt sd nUdc My Latinh, tieu bieu Ii Venezuela da tim cich lien minh vdi cac nifdc ldn ben ngoai nhu Nga, Trung Qud'c Tdng thd'ng Chavez khdng dinh, "quan he hdp t i c gida Nga va Venezuela cd y nghia vd cung quan trpng, Nga Ii mpt cUdng qud'c manh va Venezuela se di thee cen difdng cua Nga,'"^
Ve mat quan sii, mpt nhdng nd luc nhim k h i n g dinh tinh ddc lip tii chu, giam sii phu thupc vao My phai ke
den viec cic nUdc Nam My da quyet dinh thinh lap Hpi ddng Phdng thu Nam My vao thdi diem Bd Tu lenh phUdng Nam yeu ciu tang cUdng vai trd My Latinh chinh sich cua My va Liu Nam gdc quyet dinh tii khdi ddng Ham dpi FV, tdng hi giai thd tu nhiing nam 1950, Day la mpt cd che chua tdng cd trdng khu viic cua cic nUdc My Latinh, Ong Chavez che rang: "Cic nUdc Nam My cin tad nen met chinh sich rieng biet treng linh viic qudc phdng", va "Ndu cd NATO - Khdi Hiep Udc Bic Dai Tay DUdng, thi tai sad lai khdng the lap SATO - Td chdc Hiep Udc Nam My?",^ Treng hdat ddng ngdai giad cung chdng kien nhieu sii kien ding ngac nhien, Ecuader, di't nUdc cd nen kinh te dUdc ddla hdi va tap trung h i u het vao xuat khiu dau Ida vio My, da dUa mdt quyet dinh gay sd'c Tdng thd'ng Rafael Correa khdng gia ban viec sd dung can cd quan sU cho My va yeu ciu binh si nUdc niy phai rdi khdi Ecuador nam 2009, Hai nUdc Trung My, Honduras v i Nicaragua, cac qud'c gia tdng tham gia "lien minh tinh nguyen" cda My de xam lupc Iraq nam 2003, cung nhu da phe chuan Hiep dinh Tu dd Thifdng mai My, Trung My va Cdng hdi Dominica (CAFTA), da to thai dp xa linh vi chi trich Washington, Hay viec Bolivia v i Venezuela, vdi ly khic nhau, deu da true xuat cic dai sif My tai La Paz va Caracas, Nhdng hanh dpng cd the xep vie mdc dp nghiem trpng vi tai nhdng diem ndng tren the gidi nhu Trung Ddng, Trung A, Ddng Nam A, chUa cd chinh phu dd'i dau vdi My nid tdng cd dpng thai tUdng tii
(6)Nhdng ddng thai tren cho thi'y rd tinh ddc lap tii chu cua cac nUdc My Latinh n h i m giam sii phu thupc vao My va khang dinh vi the cua minh d khu viic va tren the gidi, Nd cho tha'y My khdng the ap dat md hinh cua minh cho cic nUde khu viic "san sau" cua My nhU trUde day nda
• Tdng cUdng lien ket, khu vUc: Trong chinh sach dd'i ngoai, cac nUdc My Latinh Uu tien tang cUdng quan he vdi nhau, thuc day hdp t i c lien ket khu viic theo tinh than doan ket, hd trd cdng phat trien, nha't I i linh viic nang lifdng; phan dd'i ky Hiep dinh ThUdng mai Tii chau My (FTAA) My khdi xUdng; nhieu td chdc khu viic da dupc lap gida cac nhdm nUdc My Latinh nhU: nhdm ALBA - nhdm phat trien hdp t i c kinh te, doan ket hiiu nghi gdm Cuba, Venezuela, Bolivia, Nicaragua, Honduras va mpt vai nUdc dao nhd d Caribbean, dUdc hUPng lpi triic tiep td chUPng trinh ALBA nay, Khd'i Thi trUdng chung Nam My (MERCOSUR)" Sdc m a n h cua khd'i dUdc tang len Venezuela, chinh thdc gia nhap MERCOSUR (nam 2007), nhdm RIO la td chdc mang tinh cha't chinh tri va cd quy md k h i ldn, Td chdc Lien minh qud'c gia Nam My (UNASUR) thay the Cdng ddng cac qud'c gia Nam My (CSA), cac td chdc da phUdng nhU Truyen hinh phUdng Nam, Van tai bien, Ngan hang phUdng Nam (BANSUR) Cac nUdc Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Ecuador, Uruguay, Colombia va Venezuela la nhiing nUdc tham gia lap BANSUR dUdc du kien vao 5/12/2008 tai Caracas (Venezuela)." Dac biet, sang kien lien ket t i l chinh khu viic thdng qua lap BANSUR v i cung cd' Tap doan Phat trien vung Andes cdn cho thi'y rd
tinh ddc lap tii chu cua cac nUdc My Latinh trUdc sii xd cdng treng hdat dpng va y dd mud'n giat day cua nhdng td chdc nhu Quy tien te qud'c te (IMF) hay Ngan hang the gidi (WB)
Thdng qua cac td chdc khu viic ndi tren, cac nUdc My Latinh khdng ngiing tang cUdng doan ket, hdp t i c vdi de phat trien kinh te cua mdi nUdc, ciing nhU phd'i hpp dau tranh ddi hdi quyen lpi chinh dang cua hp tai cac dien dan qud'c te.^°
• Da dqng hoa, da phUdng hda cdc quan he vdi cdc nUdc, cdc to chUc, khu vUc khdc tren the gidi
Ngay nay, cic nUdc My Latinh dang day manh hdp t i c va hpi nhap ca ve chinh tri va kinh te vUdt khdi chau My, vUdn EU, Nga, chau A -Thai Binh DUdng, dd cd Nhat Ban, Trung Qud'c va ASEAN
(7)N a m 2007, A r g e n t i n a chpn Ddng N a m A la t r p n g t a m xuc tien thUdng mai, gida t h i n g 11, Tdng thd'ng U r u g u a y da t h a m M a l a y s i a v i Viet N a m n h i m t h i t c h a t q u a n he hpp tac k i n h te - thUdng mai da d i l n ra, cud'i t h i n g 11 da dien r a Dien d i n doanh nghiep c h a u A T h i i Binh Dudng -N a m My lan t h d nha't t a i Chile
Brazil coi n a m 2008 la n a m chau A 10 n a m qua, trao ddi m a u dich gida nUdc vdi 15 nUdc chau A t h a n h vien Dien d a n hdp t i c Ddng A - My Latinh, t a n g 180%, Chau A da vUdt cic ban h a n g t r u y e n thd'ng EU va My, trd t h i n h thi trUdng x u a t k h a u q u a n trpng nha't cua Chile, Chile hien xua't k h a u sang chau A 35% tdng g i i tri h i n g hda xui't k h i u , k h a n g dinh vai trd cau nd'i hdp t i e My L a t i n h - chau A.'''^
Ddng thdi, t r o n g chien lUdc h u d n g s a n g c h a u A - T h i i Binh DUdng, c i c nUdc My L a t i n h r a t chu trpng p h a t trien q u a n h e vdi c i c nUdc ldn n h u Nga, T r u n g Qud'c, An Dp Va dieu cung p h u hpp vdi n h d n g tinh t o i n chien lUdc cua c i c nUdc n i y , Nga cei "My L a t i n h d a n g trd t h a n h mpt m a t xich q u a n t r p n g t r u n g chudi m a t xich the gidi da ciic d a n g difpc h i n h t h i n h " , va dng P u t i n chd biet: "Chung tdi (Nga) se d a n h n h i e u sii q u a n t a m hdn tdi k h u viic n i y t r u n g chinh s i c h kinh te va dd'i ngoai cua c h d n g tdi."'" Tong thd'ng Nga D m i t r y Medvedev sau t h a m dii Hpi nghi Thifdng dinh A P E C l i n t h d 16 tai P e r u da t h a m l i m viec tai Brazil, Venezuela va Cuba, n h i m t a n g cifdng hpp t i c trdng h n h viic q u a n sU v i k i n h te
T r u n g Qud'c da t i e n s a u v i e k h u viic n a y t d k h a lau va da trd t h i n h n h i d a u tU ldn t h d h a i t h e gidi v i e My L a t i n h T r o n g 10 n a m q u a , n h i e u
nUdc t r o n g k h u viic da cd q u a n he k i n h te - thUdng m a i vdi T r u n g Qud'c N a m 2000, thUdng mai gida My L a t i n h va T r u n g Qud'c chi d a t 13 ty U S D , den n a m 2007 cen sd' n a y t a n g len 103 ty U S D ,
An Dp N a m Phi cung da t a n g cUdng n h d n g md'i r a n g budc k i n h te va chinh tri vdi N a m My C h a u Au da trd t h a n h n h a cung cap vu k h i chinh che Brazil va Chile t d n a m 2003 den n a m 2007, P h i p trd t h a n h ddi t i c trdng linh vUc n a n g lUpng h a t n h a n vdi A r g e n t i n a va Brazil, N h a t B i n cdng da tien s a u vao lam a n vdi My Latinh,
Ben canh dd, cac nifdc My Latinh cdn hdp tac vdi cac nUdc va khu viic k h i c tai c i c dien d i n qudc te Chang han, Brazil v i T r u n g Qiid'c da trd t h a n h ddng minh trdng viec keu gpi thay ddi l u a t thUdng mai t o i n c i u theo hifdng cd ldi chd c i c nUdc dang p h i t trien, ' Brazil xem An Dp nhU la mpt ddng minh quan trpng trdng cac cupc thUdng t h i d m a u dich bao q u i t hdn trdng Td chdc Thifdng mai The gidi,
Td n h d n g dpng t h i i t r e n , ce the thay sii hpi n h a p cua c i c nUdc My L a t i n h vdi c i c nUdc va k h u viic tren the gidi cang dupc md rpng, vi the, t i n h dpc lap tii chd va t i m q u a n trpng cua c i c nUdc My L a t i n h cang t a n g t r e n trUdng qud'c te
N h u vay, cd t h e nei, x u a t p h i t td n h u cau npi tai cac nUdc My Latinh vdi viec lUa chpn va thiic thi chinh s i c h dd'i ngdai mdi da k h a n g dinh dupc vi tri cua m i n h t r e n trUdng qud'c te, gat h i i dUdc n h d n g ket qua n h a t dinh t r e n g cdng cupc xay diing va p h i t t r i e n d i t nUdc, giam bdt sii phu thupc khdng binh d a n g v i d My, t r a n h t h d dupc ngudn life ben ngoai
(8)quan he chat che nhu dieu kien can va du cho sU phat trien theo hUdng tii do, dan chu, tien bp d My Latinh Tuy nhien, viec thiic thi chinh sach dd'i ngoai mdi cua cac nUdc se phai dd'i mat vdi nhieu thach thdc cai cich kinh te, xa hpi cdn chUa triet de, phan t i n Dieu dd ddi hdi gidi cam quyen phai thiic hien cai each mdt each triet de va cd hieu qua hPn, giai quyet td't cic van de dd'i npi va dd'i ngoai Hdn nda, mac du khdng cdn phu thupc hoan toan vao My nhU trUdc day, song anh hUdng cua My dd'i vdi sii phat trien cua cic nUde My Latinh v i n rat ldn •
Chd thich:
1); 2); 3) Hoi ket cua hoc t h u y e t Monroe TTXVN (Buenos Aires 3/11)- TKDB 11-12-2008
4) http://www.tapchicongsan.drg.vn/details.asp? Object=6&News_ID=1911341 /8
5)Venezuela d a n h gia cao vai tro cua Nga tren chinh triidng qudc te http://www.vitinfd.com.vn/Muctin/Qudcte/571
98/default.aspx
6)Chavez de nghi t h a n h lap Td chiic phdng thii N a m My http://www.vitinfo.com.vn/Muctin/ Quansu/THSK/41159/default.aspx
7) "Quan he My - 'Venezuela cang thang" http://www.nhandan.com.vn/tinbai/?top=45& s u b = & a r t i c l e = l 15774
8) MERCOSUR- dUdc t h a n h lap 26-3-1991, t h a n h vien chinh thiic la: Brazil, Argentina, U r u g u a y va P a r a g u a y va ba nUdc t h a n h vien lien ket: Chile, Venezuela va Bolivia,
9); 11) http;//www.vietnamembassy.drg.ar/ v s q v n _ n e w s p h p ? g r d u p = T R A N G % T H N G %20TIN%20PARAGUAY&file=2n2.0024.htm 10) M E R C O S U R day m a n h hdp tac, lien ket
k h u viic http://www.nhandan.com.vn/tmbai/ ''top=45&sub=84&article= 112618
12) "Siic p h a t trien ciia chau A" http://www.nhandan.com.vn/tinbai/?tdp=45& sub=83&article=120425
13) "Siic p h a t t r i e n ciia chau A", h t t p ://www.nhandan.Cdm vn/tinbai/?tdp=45& sub=83&article=120425
14) "Putin: Xay d u n g q u a n he vdi My Latinh la
Uu tien h a n g dau"
http://dantri.cdm.vn/Thegidi/Putin-Xay-dung- quan-he-voi-My-Latinh-la-uu-tien-hang-dau/2008/9/252438.vip
15) http://www.bbc.co.uk/vietnamese/business/ story/2004/05/printable/040525_chinabraziltr ade.shtml ' • • i i ã ã, ^! i
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http://www.tapchicongsan.drg.vn/details.asp? http://www.vitinfd.com.vn/Muctin/Qudcte/571 http://www.vitinfo.com.vn/Muctin/ http://www.nhandan.com.vn/tinbai/?top=45& http;//www.vietnamembassy.drg.ar/ http://www.nhandan.com.vn/tmbai/ http://www.nhandan.com.vn/tinbai/?tdp=45& ://www.nhandan.Cdm. http://dantri.cdm.vn/Thegidi/Putin-Xay-dung- quan-he-voi-My-Latinh-la-uu-tien-hang-dau/2008/9/252438.vip http://www.bbc.co.uk/vietnamese/business/