CHUYÊN đề 2 bài tập HIĐROCACBON NO

bài tập HIĐROCACBON NO

Website : luyenthithukhoa.vn luyenthithukhoa.vn - 1 - CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2 : HIĐROCACBON NO Câu 1: - clo - 3 -  A. CH 3 CH 2 CH(Cl)CH(CH 3 ) 2 . B. CH 3 CH(Cl)CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 3 . C. CH 3 CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 Cl. D. CH 3 CH(Cl)CH 3 CH(CH 3 )CH 3 . 2 - clo - 3   - - Em   Bón  Phân  Hóa  - - Ngoài   1 2 3 4 5 CH3  CH(Cl)  CH(CH3)  CH2  CH3 Câu 2:  5 H 12 ? A.  B.  C.  D.    CH3  CH2  CH2  CH2  CH3 ; CH3  CH(CH3)  CH2  CH3 ; CH3  (CH3)C(CH3)  CH3; Câu 3:  6 H 14 ? A.  B.  C.  D.    CH3  CH2  CH2  CH2  CH2  CH3 ; CH3  CH(CH3)  CH2  CH2 CH3 ; CH3  CH2  CH(CH3)  CH2  CH3; CH3  CH(CH3)  CH(CH3)-CH3 ; CH3  (CH3)C(CH3) - CH2   Câu 4:  4 H 9 Cl ? A.  B.  C.  D.  C4H9Cl có k = (2.4  9 +2 -  C x H y O z N t X u Na  k =(2x-y+t+2  u    òng CH2(Cl)  CH2  CH2  CH3 ; CH3  CH(Cl)  CH2  CH3 ; CH2Cl  CH(CH3)  CH3 ; CH3  (CH3)CCl    Câu 5:  5 H 11 Cl ? A.  B.  C.  D.  C5H11Cl có k = (2.5  11 + 2   CH2(Cl)  CH2  CH2  CH2  CH3 ; CH3  CH(Cl)  CH2  CH2  CH3 ; CH3  CH2  CH(Cl)  CH2  CH3 ; CH2(Cl)  CH(CH3)  CH2  CH3 ; CH2(Cl)  CH2  (CH3)CH  CH3 ; CH2(Cl)  CH2  CH(CH3)  CH3 ; CH3  CH(Cl)  CH(CH3)  CH3 ; CH2(Cl)  (CH3)C(CH3)  CH3 ;  Câu 6:  A. C 2 H 6 . B. C 3 H 8 . C. C 4 H 10 . D. C 5 H 12 .  Cách 2: Ankan => CTTQ: CnH2n+2 => %C = MC/MY = 12n . 100% / (14n+2) = 83,33%  14,4n = 14n +2   Câu 7:  n H 2n+1  A. ankan. B.  C.  D. xicloankan. (CnH2n+1)m  CnmH2nm + m  Câu 8: a. 2,2,3,3- A. 8C,16H. B. 8C,14H. C. 6C, 12H. D. 8C,18H. 2,2,3,3  tetrametyl butan ; tetrametyl  1 2 3 4 CH3  (CH3)C(CH3)  (CH3)C(CH3)  CH3   b. Cho ankan có CTCT là: (CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 2 C(CH 3 ) 3 . là: A. 2,2,4-trimetylpentan. B. 2,4-trimetylpetan. C. 2,4,4-trimetylpentan. D. 2--4-metylpentan. 5 4 3 2 1 Website : luyenthithukhoa.vn luyenthithukhoa.vn - 2 - (CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 2 C(CH 3 ) 3 Hay CH3  (CH3)CH  CH2  (CH3)C(CH3)  CH3 Q-      trimetyl pentan =>A Câu 9:  A.  B.  C.  D.   Câu 10: Cho iso- 2  A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4. Iso   CH(CH3)     CH3  CH(CH3)  CH2  CH3 tác   CH3  CH  CH2   CH3  -  1  Câu 11:- A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6 Iso  hexan => CH3  CH(CH3)  CH2  CH  CH3  CH  CH2  CH2    CH3 Câu 12: Khi cho 2- 2  A. 1-clo-2-metylbutan. B. 2-clo-2-metylbutan. C. 2-clo-3-metylbutan. D.1-clo-3-metylbutan.   2  metyl butan : CH3  CH(CH3)  CH2  CH3 I III II I  CH3  CH  CH2  CH3 Cl 1 2 3 4 CH3  C  CH2  CH3 CH3 => 2  clo  2  metyl butan => B Câu 13: Khi clo hóa C 5 H 12  A. 2,2- B. 2-metylbutan. C. pentan. D.2-   A. 2,2   (CH3)C(CH3)- CH3 CH3  C   CH3 B. 2  metylbutan : CH3  CH(CH3)  CH2    C. Pentan : CH3  CH2  CH2  CH2  D. 2   - 139 Câu 14: K A. CH 3 Cl. B. CH 2 Cl 2 . C. CHCl 3 . D. CCl 4 . n : CnH2n+2 +xCl2 => CnH2n+2-xClx + xHCl  CH4 + xCl2 => CH4--xClx Website : luyenthithukhoa.vn luyenthithukhoa.vn - 3 -  % Cl(CH4-xClx) = 35,5.x .100% / (16 + 34,5x) = 89,12%  x = 3  -  Câu 15: : metan, etan, propan và n- A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.     CH2   n   CH2  CH2    Câu 16:  6 H 14   A. 2,2- B. 2-metylpentan. C. n-hexan. D. Xét A. 2,2   (CH3)C(CH3)  CH2  CH3 CH3 CH3  C  CH2   CH3 B.2  metyl pentan : CH3  CH(CH3)  CH2  CH2   hexan => sp = 6   C. n  hexan : CH3  CH2  CH2  CH2  CH2       CH3  CH  CH  CH3 CH3 Câu 17: Khi  A. etan và propan. B. propan và iso-butan. C. iso-butan và n-pentan. D. neo-pentan và etan.  Câu 18:   A. 3,3- C. isopentan. B. 2,2-. D. 2,2,3-trimetylpentan Xem bài 13 => B . 2,2   Câu 19:   A. 3-metylpentan. B. 2,3- C. 2-metylpropan. D. butan. Ankan : CnH2n+2 =>%C = MC / MX = 12n .100% / (14n + 2) = 83,72%  n = 6 => C6H14   Xét A. 3  metylpentan : CH3  CH2  CH  CH2   CH3 B.2,3   CH3  CH  CH   CH3 CH3 Câu 20:   2  Cl 2  A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 5. VX = 6 => C6H14  2,3   CH3  CH  CH   CH3 CH3 Câu 21:   A. 2,2- B. 2-metylbutan. C. pentan. D. etan. Website : luyenthithukhoa.vn luyenthithukhoa.vn - 4 - PT : CnH2n+2 +xCl2 => CnH2n+2--xClx và HCl  1mol CnH2n +2  nCnH2n+2-xCl = 1 ; nHCl = x mol  M hh Y = (mCnH2n+2-xClx + mHCl) / (nCnH2n+2  xClx + nHCl)  35,75.2 = (14n+2 +34,5x + 35,5x) / (1 + x)  0,5x + 69,5 = 14n => n> 69,5/14 =4,96  mono => A: 2,2  - CH3 CH3  C   CH3 => A Câu 22:                  2         CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 (a), CH 4 (b), CH 3 C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 3 (c), CH 3 CH 3 (d), CH 3 CH(CH 3 )CH 3 (e) A. (a), (e), (d). B. (b), (c), (d). C. (c), (d), (e). D. (a), (b), (c), (e), (d) CH4(b) ; c là neo-  Câu 23:  A. metan. B. etan C. neo-pentan D.  Chính là bài 22 => D Câu 24: -  (1) CH 3 C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 Cl; (2) CH 3 C(CH 2 Cl) 2 CH 3 ; (3) CH 3 ClC(CH 3 ) 3 A. (1); (2). B. (2); (3). C. (2). D. (1) Chính là neo    (CH3)C(CH3)-CH2CL => D Câu 25: Có bao nhiêu ankan   A. 4. B. 2. C. 5. D. 3. -  Xem bài 15: CH4 => có 1 ; C2H6 có 1 ; C3H8 có 2 ;C4H10 có n  butan có 1 ; CH3  CH(CH3)-CH3 có 1  Câu 26: Ankan Y  2  A. butan. B. propan. C. Iso-butan. D. 2-metylbutan. PT : 2CnH2n+2 + 2xBr2 => CnH2n+2  xBrx + CnH2n+2-xBrx + 2xHBr    M CnH2n+1Br= 61,5.2  14n + 81 = 123    Câu 27:  2 O >  2  A. C n H n  B. C n H 2n+2   C. C n H 2n-2  D.  Ta luôn có x : y = nCO2 : 2nH2O  2x : y = nCO2 : nH2O    C.CnH2n-2 => 2x : y = 2n / (2n-     y + 2)/2 => nH2O > nCO2 và nX = nH2O  nCO2 9O2 -    TH3 : CT : CnH2n-2Oz ; có k =2 => nH2O < nCO2 và nX = nCO2  nH2O   nCO2 nH2O = nCO2 ; nX = nCO2  nH2O TH1 : CnH2n+2Oz + O2 => nCO2 + (n+1)H2O ol => nH2O > nCO2 Website : luyenthithukhoa.vn luyenthithukhoa.vn - 5 -  nCO2 = (n+1)x  nx = x = nCnH2n+2Oz TH2 : CnH2nOz + O2 => nCO2 + nH2O  =>nx mol nx mol => nH2O = nCO2 = nx mol hay nH2O = nCO2 TH3: CnH2n-2Oz + O2 => nCO2 + (n-1)H2O  => nx mol (n-1)x mol => nCO2 > nH2O  nH2O = nx -(n-1)x = x = nCnH2n-2Oz  6Oz: nX = (nCO2  nH2O)/3 Câu 28:ol H 2 O : mol CO 2   A. ankan. B. anken. C. ankin. D. aren    Xé   -1)x / nx = 1  -  3/n Câu 29:   2 O và CO 2  A.   . B.  C.  D.    Câu 30:  4  A.  B.  C.  D.  A. 2 4 2 3 22 o t Na O C CH C O Na NaOH CH Na CO OO           , 3 4 2 3 o CaO t CH COONa NaOH CH Na CO    dpdd 3 2 4 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 CH COONa H O CH CO NaOH H              http://www.mediafire.com/?fncjommhrz2#1    Câu 31:  A.  B. Crackinh butan C.  D. A, C. SGK 11 nâng cao   Câu 32:  A. metan. B. etan. C. propan. D. n-butan. SGK 11 nâng cao  202 => A.Metan => 70  95% Câu 33:   A. CH 3 . B. . C. CH 3 CH 3 . D. CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 . Xicloankan :CnH2n . M Website : luyenthithukhoa.vn luyenthithukhoa.vn - 6 - Xét A. CH 3   Xét B.  Xét C. CH 3 CH 3 =>  Xét D. CH 3 CH 3 CH 3  Câu 34:  mol : A.  B. Xiclohexan và metyl xiclopentan. C. Xiclohexan và n-propyl xiclopropan. D.    N : CH3 - CH2  CH2   CH2  CH2 M : CH3  CH  CH -  CH2  CH2  N .  M. Xét A. CH 3 => Có   Xét C. -  M. CH3  CH2  CH2  CH   CH2 Câu 35:  A + Br 2  Br-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -Br A. propan. B. 1-brompropan. C. xiclopropan. D.          Câu 36:    A.  B.  C.  D.    Câu 37:  A : n B   A. C 2 H 6 và C 4 H 10 . B. C 5 H 12 và C 6 H 14 . C. C 2 H 6 và C 3 H 8 . D. C 4 H 10 và C 3 H 8  Website : luyenthithukhoa.vn luyenthithukhoa.vn - 7 - mA + mB x.MA + 4x.MB MA + 4.MB M 52,4 MA+ 4MB = 262 nA + nB x +4x 5          => 14n + 2 + 4.(14m + 2) = 262   Câu 38:  4 H 10  4 , C 2 H 6 , C 2 H 4 , C 3 H 6 , C 4 H 8 , H 2 và C 4 H 10  2 và y gam H 2 : A. 176 và 180. B. 44 và 18. C. 44 và 72. D. 176 và 90.    nCO2 = 4 mol => m = 176 g  BT  nH2O = 5 mol => m = 90 g => D  Câu 39: Craking n- 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 6 , C 4 H 8    2 . a. : A. 57,14%. B. 75,00%. C. 42,86%. D. 25,00%.  http://www.mediafire.com/?sgp3nooxhs76y4y âng cao      CnH2n+2 => CmH2m +2 + Cn-mH2(n-m) (1)  (2)    Và nAnkan cracking  Ngoài ra còn CT . X X Y Y M nY d "Vì mX = mY" nX M     -   VD : C4H10 => CH4 + C3H6   1mol  : x mol => xmol xmol  : 1  x => x -x + x + x = 1 +x -  1 = x = nAnkan cracking          35       n sau   X X Y Y M nY d "Vì mX = mY" nX M  ; n cracking = n anken   Website : luyenthithukhoa.vn luyenthithukhoa.vn - 8 - : A. 140. B. 70. C. 80. D. 40.      nC = nCO2 => 4nC4H10 = nCO2  Câu 40:  H 2 : A. C 6 H 14 . B. C 3 H 8 . C. C 4 H 10 . D. C 5 H 12 .   3nX = nY  mX mY 3. MX MY     n = 5 => D :C5H12 Câu 41:   2  A. C 6 H 14 . B. C 3 H 8 . C. C 4 H 10 . D. C 5 H 12   n = 4 => C : C4H10 Câu 42:  2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 4 , C 3 H 6   A. 39,6. B. 23,16. C. 2,315. D. 3,96.       Câu 43:- 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 6 , C 4 H 8 và m-butan   A. 40%. B. 20%. C. 80%. D. 20%. - ing  V cracking = 56  40 = 16 lít  Câu 44: Craking m gam n- 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 6 , C 4 H 8  9 gam H 2 O và 17,6 gam CO 2  A. 5,8. B. 11,6. C. 2,6. D. 23,2. Ta luôn có mhidrocabon = 12.nCO2 + 2. nH2O  g => A  http://www.mediafire.com/?veboxpwbw8to8vy Câu 45:   2   A. 70,0 lít. B. 78,4 lít. C. 84,0 lít. D. 56,0 lít.    2nO2 = 2.0,35 + 0,55   1/5 k Câu 46:  2  2  2   A. 5,6 lít. B. 2,8 lít. C. 4,48 lít. D. 3,92 lít.  Câu 47:  2  2   A. 18,52% ; 81,48%. B. 45% ; 55%. C. 28,13% ; 71,87%. D. 25% ; 75%.  nCO2 CT ankan = CnH2n+2 => n = nCO2/nankan = nCO2/(nH2O  nCO2) Website : luyenthithukhoa.vn luyenthithukhoa.vn - 9 -  n = nCO2/(nH2O  nCO2)  => n = 11/(15  11) = 2,75 => 0,25n Propan = 0,75n Etan hay nPropan = 3nEtan   A   n  n    n   1- 0,4).nC4H10 = 0,4nC3H8  0,6 nC4H10 = 0,4 nC3H8   -   Câu 48:  2 và 0,132 mol H 2 O. Khi X onoclo A. 2-metylbutan. B. etan. C. 2,2- D. 2-metylpropan.  : CxHy => x : y = nC : nH = nCO2 : 2nH2O = 0,11 : 0,264 = 5  )  Xét A. 2  metyl butan : CH3  CH  CH2   CH3  Câu 49:  2 là 24,8.  A. C 2 H 6 và C 3 H 8 . B. C 4 H 10 và C 5 H 12 . C. C 3 H 8 và C 4 H 10 . D.  Ankan => CT trung bình : n 2n C H +2 => M = 14n 2 = 24,8.2 <=> n 3,4 =>n = 3 và n =4   b A. 30% và 70%. B. 35% và 65%. C. 60% và 40%. D. 50% và 50% AD bài 47 => n 3,4  Câu 50:  2 là 12.  2  2  A. 24,2 gam và 16,2 gam.B. 48,4 gam và 32,4 gam.C. 40 gam và 30 gam. D.  CT: n 2n C H +2 M  n + 2 => n =; => CT : 11 36 77 CH  11 36 77 11 18 C H + O2 => CO2 + H2O 77 Ta có 0,7 mol => 1,1mol 1,8 mol => mCO2 = 48,4g ; mH2O = 32,4 g => B  A. CH 4 và C 2 H 6 . B. CH 4 và C 3 H 8 . C. CH 4 và C 4 H 10 . D.  Ta có 1 < n   Câu 51:  3  3  còn 65 cm 3  3  A. C 4 H 10 . B. C 4 H 6 . C. C 5 H 10 . D. C 3 H 8   3 mà có 25cm 3  3   VCO2 = 65  25 = 40 cm 3 => x = VCO2 / Vhidrocacbon = 40 / 10 = 4   25 = 65 cm 3 => x + y/4 = VO2 / Vhidrocacbon = 65 / 10  4 + y/4 = 6,5  y = 6 => C4H6 => B Câu 52: 2  H 2  Website : luyenthithukhoa.vn luyenthithukhoa.vn - 10 - A. CH 4  2 H 6 . B. C 2 H 6  3 H 8 . C. C 3 H 8  4 H 10 . D. C 4 H 10  5 H 12 Ankan => ADCT : nCO2 0,55 n= = =3,67=> n =3 (C3H8) và n =4 (C4H10) =>C nH2O - nCO2 0,7-0,55  Câu 53: 2    A. 30,8 gam. B. 70 gam. C. 55 gam. D. 15 gam  12.nCO2 + 2.nH2O = 12x + 2y = 10,2   2x + y = 2,3   b.  A. CH 4 và C 4 H 10 . B. C 2 H 6 và C 4 H 10 . C. C 3 H 8 và C 4 H 10 . D.  ADCT : nCO2 0,7 n= = 3,5 nH2O - nCO2 0,9-0,7   n   D Cách khác  PT : (3n+1) CnH2n+2 + O2 => n CO2 + (n+1)H2O 2 ; 2,3 (3n+1) mol<=1,15 mol 10,2 => M CnH2n+2 = 14n +2 = 2,3.(14n +2) = 10,2(3n+1) <=> n = 3,5 2,3 3n+1   C3,5H9 + 5,75O2 => 3,5 CO2 + 4,5H2O 1,15 => 0,7   Câu 54: 2   A. isobutan. B. propan. C. etan. D. 2,2-      1 Câu 55:                     VCO 2 :VH 2  A. CH 4  2 H 6 . B. C 2 H 4  3 H 6 . C. C 2 H 2  3 H 6 . D. C 3 H 8  4 H 10 . VCO2 : VH2O = 1 : 1,6   ADCT : nCO2 1 n= = =1,67=>n=1và n = 2 nH2O - nCO2 1,6- 1  Câu 56: không A. C 2 H 6 . B. C 2 H 4 . C. CH 4 . D. C 2 H 2   Câu 57: 2  2    A. 1: 9,5. B. 1: 47,5. C. 1:48. D. 1:50  x + y/4 = nO2 / nC6H14  6 + 14/4 = nO2 / nC6H14 = 9,5  nkk / nC6H14 = 5.9,5 = 47,5 => B    . (3n+1) CnH2n +2 + O2 => n CO2 + (n+1)H2O 2 ; 2, 3 (3n+1) mol<=1,15 mol 10 ,2 => M CnH2n +2 = 14n +2 = 2, 3.(14n +2) = 10 ,2( 3n+1) <=> n = 3,5 2, 3 3n+1. 17A 18B 19B 20 C 21 A 22 B 23 D 24 D 25 D 26 C 27 B 28 A 29 B 30B 31D 32A 33B 34B 35C 36A 37A 38D 39BC 40D 41C 42B 43A 44A 45A 46D 47A 48A 49CC 50BD 51B 52C 53BD 54D