883910_SCIENCE_LEARNER_S1_00.indd 5/25/17 11:37 AM Author acknowledgements The Publisher is extremely grateful to the following schools for their comments and feedback during the development of this series: Avalon Heights World Private School, Ajman The Oxford School, Dubai Al Amana Private School, Sharjah British International School, Ajman Wesgreen International School, Sharjah As Seeb International School, Al Khoud Photo credits p.6 t, p.8 tr © Inga Nielsen/Fotolia; p.6 cl © Skierx/Fotolia;p.6 cr © Michaelfitz/Fotolia; p.6 b © Patrick/Fotolia; p.7 © Gualtiero Boffi/Shutterstock; p.8 tl © Africa Studio/Fotolia; p.9 t © Praweena style/Shutterstock; p.9 bl © C Squared Studios/Photodisc/Getty Images/Just Flowers 2; p.9 br © Iimages/123rf; p.10 © Arthit Buarapa/123rf; p.11 t © I/Shutterstockmagestate Media (John Foxx)/Absolutely Paradise SS63; p.11 cl © Photodisc/Getty Images/World Landmarks & Travel V60; p.11 c © Robert_S/Shutterstock; p.11 cr © Valentyna Chukhlyebova/Shutterstock; p.12 © Tinna Pong/Shutterstock; 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How to a fair test Biology Unit Plants Unit Ourselves Unit Living and growing Quiz 1: Biology 28 51 72 Chemistry Unit Material properties Quiz 2: Chemistry 74 95 Physics Unit Forces Unit Sound Quiz 3: Physics 97 116 137 Glossary Scientific dictionary 883910_SCIENCE_LEARNER_S1.indb 139 5/25/17 11:25 AM Being a scientist What does a scientist do? Scientists are interested in the world around them They ask questions They find answers by testing their ideas in different ways Scientists use their senses to observe things They record what they find Scientists find information in books and on the internet They share what they learn Scientists look for things that are the same and different They group things, such as animals in the sea Scientists observe things to compare what happens Will the leaf float or sink? Scientists measure things They look for patterns in their results Number of learners Scientists test their ideas They try to keep things fair 12 10 Favourite juice red orange yellow purple 883910_SCIENCE_LEARNER_S1.indb 5/25/17 11:25 AM Being a scientist How to a fair test A fair test is a way to investigate a scientific question To carry out a fair test, scientists must think about certain things What you want to find out? Ask a scientific question Investigate, test and measure the results 10 Do you have more questions? Then you will have to more investigating! What will you to answer your question? What equipment will you need to help you? Was your test good? Could you make it better? Use what you found out to answer your question What thing will you change? What effect will you measure? Will you put your results into a chart or a graph? Record your observations (results) by writing or drawing Observe and measure the changes 883910_SCIENCE_LEARNER_S1.indb 5/25/17 11:25 AM Unit Plants Living things Work with a partner Look at these pictures of living things a Name each living thing b Why you think they are living things? Work with a partner Look at these pictures Which things you think are: a alive (living things) b not alive? A C cat computer girl B leaf D flower c What you think living things can do? Talk partners Talk to a partner about the word alive What you think it means? car Talk partners Scientific words living things alive not alive You are alive Talk to a partner a How you know that you are alive? b What kinds of things can you do? 883910_SCIENCE_LEARNER_S1.indb 5/25/17 11:25 AM Plants How we know something is alive? Think like a scientist! You know that you are alive (a living thing) because you these things to stay alive: I use I eat I move my senses I can see, hear, touch, taste and smell things I breathe I grow Work with a partner Look at the pictures of the elephants a Which elephant is alive (a living thing)? b Which elephant is not alive? c Has the toy elephant ever been alive? d How you know? elephant A elephant B Scientific words eat move breathe grow senses 883910_SCIENCE_LEARNER_S1.indb 5/25/17 11:25 AM Unit Plants Alive or never alive? Scientific words Think like a scientist! never been alive We know that some things in the world around us are alive Things are living if they can: • eat • move • breathe • grow • use their senses Some things have never been alive, such as this metal spoon and rock Work with a partner Look at these pictures B A C D E F a Say which things are alive Which things have never been alive? b Why you think that? You will need… ● old magazines Alive ● scissors ● glue Never been a live a Cut out some pictures of different things b Sort them into two groups: ‘alive’ and ‘never been alive’ c Stick them onto a page like this 883910_SCIENCE_LEARNER_S1_01.indd 5/25/17 1:24 PM Unit Sound Sounds getting fainter Think like a scientist! As sound travels from a source, it becomes fainter So when a car travels away from you, the source of the sound (the car) gets fainter If you walk away from a ticking clock, the sound gets fainter Ask a partner to talk to you a As your partner is talking, move away b Stop when you can no longer hear your partner c Put a marker where you stopped Now swap over Talk partners Talk to a partner about what you found out in Activity a What happened to the sound as you walked away? b Did you both stop at the same place? c If you did this again, you think the same thing would happen? Try it to see if you are correct d What happened? Why you think this happened? 130 883910_SCIENCE_LEARNER_S1.indb 130 5/25/17 11:32 AM Sound How far? Think like a scientist! In Activity on page 130, you found out that the sound got fainter as you moved away from your partner You also found out that if you walk far enough away, you no longer hear the sound You will need… ● drum a Ask a partner to bang a drum, but gently! b Start walking away Count your steps as you walk Keep counting until you can no longer hear the sound c Write down or remember the number of steps Now swap over Talk partners Talk to a partner What happens to the sound when you move away from the source of a sound? Imagine standing next to a helicopter that is taking off a How many steps would you have to take until you stop hearing the noise? Would it be more than you had to take to stop hearing the drum in Activity 1? b Why? 55 steps helicopter 131 883910_SCIENCE_LEARNER_S1.indb 131 5/25/17 11:32 AM Unit Sound Sounds from far away Think like a scientist! Some sources of sound make very loud sounds We can hear them from far away You can hear a plane in the sky from far away Some sounds are quieter or softer We cannot hear them from far away You cannot hear leaves rustling from far away You will need… ● sound makers ● musical instruments Work with a partner a Choose five objects that make a sound b Sort them into two sets Predict which objects you think: • you will be able to hear from far away • you will not be able to hear from far away not able to hear able to hear c Talk to a partner How will you find out if you are correct? d Try your ideas Were you correct? e Move the sources of sound into the correct set Why could you hear the sounds that some objects make from further away? Scientific word predict 132 883910_SCIENCE_LEARNER_S1.indb 132 5/25/17 11:32 AM Sound Make your own sound makers Think like a scientist! You have found out a lot about sound You know that there are different sources of sound You know that different things make different sounds You will need… ● materials for making a sound maker (look back at Activity on page 128) a Make a sound maker b Your sound maker should be able to make a loud sound and a soft sound Give your sound maker to another pair a Ask them to find out how far the sound travels until they cannot hear it b They have to find out how far a quiet sound travels and how far a loud sound travels c What did they and what did they find out? 133 883910_SCIENCE_LEARNER_S1.indb 133 5/25/17 11:32 AM Unit Sound Sound effects Scientific words sound effects Think like a scientist! Sound effects are sounds that people make to sound like something real When you tap coconut shells together, it sounds like horses galloping Work with a partner Can you make any of these sound effects? a duck someone walking thunder a door closing crunching an apple crunching a juicy apple Work with a partner a Read this poem b Make some sound effects to go with the poem What will you use? Drip Drip goes the tap Splash Splash go the children Plop Plop go the raindrops Crash Crash go the waves c Read the poem and the sound effects with other pairs 134 883910_SCIENCE_LEARNER_S1.indb 134 5/25/17 11:33 AM Sound A sound story A Stage class were making sound effects for their stories One group put small stones and some water in a plastic bottle When they shook the bottle gently, it sounded like the sea shore Work with a partner a Make up a story b What sounds are in your story? Ideas are: • leaves rustling • someone walking • a door closing • horse galloping c Make the sound effects for your story d Think about which materials could make those noises e Practise telling your story with the sound effects a Share your story with other pairs or groups in the class b Use your sound makers to make the sound effects c Ask the learners what they thought of your story and the sound effects a Record your story and sound effects b Play them to learners in another class Whose story had the best sound effects? 135 883910_SCIENCE_LEARNER_S1.indb 135 5/25/17 11:33 AM Unit Sound What have you learnt about sound? a Sit quietly for 30 seconds Use a sand timer b Listen to the sounds you can hear c When the sand timer stops, draw or write the sounds you can hear d Sort your list into two groups This picture shows some sources of sound sounds that were loud sounds that were fainter Good morning! Good morning! meow! meow! meow! a How many can you find? Write them in a list What can you remember? You have been learning about sound Can you: use your sense of hearing to name different sources of sound? tell someone how we hear? compare our ears with ears from other animals? find out which sounds you can hear when you move away from the source of the sound? find out from how far away you can hear some sounds? 136 883910_SCIENCE_LEARNER_S1.indb 136 5/25/17 11:33 AM Quiz 3: Physics How they move? Match the correct word to each picture below fly a bounce b crawl swim c d Look at each picture What kind of force is being used – a push or a pull? a b c Look at the pictures Which picture shows that the learner is: changing direction a speeding up b slowing down c 137 883910_SCIENCE_LEARNER_S1.indb 137 5/25/17 11:33 AM Quiz 3: Physics Draw four things that are sources of sound Which part of our body helps us to hear sounds? Copy and complete the sentence below using one of these words: louder fainter closer If you move away from the source of a sound, it gets Why you think these animals have big ears? Write a sentence to explain your thinking long-eared bat serval cat Draw one source of sound in each place below Label each picture: a in your classroom b at home c outside 138 883910_SCIENCE_LEARNER_S1.indb 138 5/25/17 11:33 AM Scientific dictionary Unit Sound A What Cotton A soft material, made from you know about magnets? Absorbent A material that soaks up water easily cotton plants Adult A grown-up human, animal or plant D Air An invisible gas all around us Alive Living Arms The part of a human body between the shoulder and the wrist B Blowing Push air out of your mouth baby breathe Child A young person between the ages of and 13 139 883910_SCIENCE_LEARNER_S1.indb 139 Differences Things that are not the same E Ears The parts of the body that help humans and other animals to hear Eat When you put food into your mouth, chew and swallow it Eggs Where some animals grow and later hatch (break out) C Cold Not hot or warm Diet The foods we eat Dull Not shiny Breathe Take air into the lungs and send it out Bumpy Has bumps on its surface Deaf Not able to hear at all Direction The way something moves or the path it takes Body The whole of a human or other animal Bubbles Round balls of liquid filled with air Dairy Food that is made from milk Different Not the same Baby The offspring of an animal, including a human Bendy Something that can be bent Cracked Split open eat Elderly person Someone who is 65 years old and older Eyebrow The hair that grows above your eyes Eyelashes The hairs on the edge of the eyelids 139 5/25/17 11:33 AM Scientific dictionary Eyelid Theisskin closes and opens What a that magnet? over the eye F Fabric A material used for making clothes, curtains and bedsheets Face The front part of the head that has eyes, ears and a nose Frog spawn Frog eggs Fruits The part of a plant that has seeds G Germinates When a seed begins to grow Fainter A sound less easy to hear Glass A hard transparent material Feel To use the sense of touch Grow Get bigger Fish An animal that lives in water and has fins for swimming and gills to breathe H Flower The part of a plant that is often brightly coloured Fluffy Fleecy, furry, soft Food groups Groups of foods that we should eat to be healthy, such as fruits and vegetables Force A push or a pull Frog An animal (an amphibian) with no tail, smooth moist skin, webbed feet and spends most of its time in water Habitat Where an animal or a plant lives grow Hands The part of your body at the end of the arm with four fingers and a thumb Hard Something that is not easy to bend, cut or scratch Head The part of the body that has the eyes, nose, mouth, ears and contains the brain Hearing To be able to take in sounds into the ear to hear sounds Hearing aid A small device (piece of equipment) that is worn behind or in the ear to help someone to hear better frog Froglet A tiny frog that has just changed from a tadpole hearing aid 140 883910_SCIENCE_LEARNER_S1.indb 140 5/25/17 11:33 AM Scientific dictionary Height How tall something is Useful magnets Hessian A rough fabric, sometimes used to make bags to carry heavy things Human A person I Ill Sick Iris The coloured part around the pupil in the eye Living thing Animals and plants, things that can grow, breathe, move and sense things Louder Making more noise, becoming noisier Lumpy Bumpy, not smooth M Material (s) What things are made from, for example, wood, fabric, plastic, leather, glass Measure To find out how much, such as height, length, weight iris J Jagged Uneven edges, can be pointed and sharp Metal A material that is usually strong, shiny and hard Model (of something) A copy of something, such as a model of the human body, a car or a dinosaur Move Go from one place to another L Leaf Grows on a plant, most leaves are flat and green move Leather Skin from an animal that is prepared and used to make clothes, bags and shoes Legs Parts of the body that are used for standing, walking, running and jumping N Life cycle The stages that a plant or animal goes through during its life Nose Part of the head of an animal, including humans, used to breathe and smell things Listen To use the ears to hear sounds Never been alive Something that has never lived 141 883910_SCIENCE_LEARNER_S1.indb 141 5/25/17 11:33 AM Scientific dictionary Nostrils The openings to the nose through which an animal breathes Push A force that moves something away from you Not alive Something that does not breathe, move, eat or sense things Pushing A force that is moving something away from you O Object(s) Something that we can see and touch Observe To find out about things using our five senses Offspring Babies Opposites Two completely different things, such as rough and smooth, or short and tall R pushing Record Write information to keep for later Rigid Cannot be bent, unbendable Roots The part of the plant usually found under the soil Rough Bumpy (sometimes also scratchy or hard), not smooth P S Plastic A type of material Salty Tastes like salt Predict To say what will happen Same Matching, not different Prediction Something that we have said will happen Seedling Young plant Prickly Spiky, scratchy Properties (of materials) what a material is like, such as hard, soft, stretchy Pupil The hole in the centre of the eye that looks black Pulling A type of force that is moving something towards you Pull A force that moves something towards you pulling seedling Seeds Oval or round objects made by a plant, can grow into a new plant Sense(s) Sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste Shelter A place for something to live and be safe Shiny Not dull, reflects light Shoot Part of a seed that grows upwards Sight Be able to see things Similar Almost, but not exactly the same, something that is not quite the same as something else 142 883910_SCIENCE_LEARNER_S1.indb 142 5/25/17 11:33 AM Scientific dictionary Similarities Things that are the same about something, but not exactly Spinning Moving around in the same spot Squash To use a force to press something to make it change shape Squeeze Press something together to make is change shape slither Slither The way a snake moves Stem The part of the plant that joins the roots to the leaves Smell To use your nose to sense odours, scents Stretch To pull something to change its shape Smooth Flat with no bumps, not rough Stretching Something that is being pulled to change its shape Sniff To find something by its smell Stretchy Something that we can pull Soft Something that is not rough or to change its shape hard and can feel nice to touch Stethoscope Is used by doctors, nurses Soil A mix of tiny bits of rock, living and vets to listen to the heart things and dying plants Sound effects Sounds that people make so that they sound like something real stethoscope Sound(s) something we hear Sour A taste like a lemon or lime Sources of sound Things that make sounds Sweet Tastes of sugar T Tadpole The stage of a frog’s life cycle between frog spawn and an adult frog Taste To use the mouth to find out the flavour of a food source of sound Taste buds Found on the tongue, they tell us what flavour a food is 143 883910_SCIENCE_LEARNER_S1.indb 143 5/25/17 11:33 AM Scientific dictionary Teenager Someone who is between 13 and 18 years old, someone who is older than a child and younger than an adult Tentacles Long parts (like arms) that some animals have, to help them feel, grasp and move Transparent See-through Tree A plant with a stem called a trunk Turning Moving around while standing still, going another way Twist To turn something to change its shape or make it move Texture What something feels like, such as smooth or rough Twisting Turning something to change its shape or move Thirsty Needing to drink some water V Toddler A young child who is just beginning to walk Vegetables Parts of a plant grown for food, not fruits W Water A clear liquid (that we all need to stay alive) Waterproof A material that does not let water through it water Wind Moving air toddler Tooth decay When teeth begin to rot (go bad) and get cavities (holes) Touch The sense that is used to find out what things feel like Wood A material that comes from trees Wool Soft, curly hair from sheep Y Year One year is 365 days 144 883910_SCIENCE_LEARNER_S1.indb 144 5/25/17 11:33 AM ... 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